EMPIRE
VALUATION CONSULTANTS, ac
PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
October 18, 2007
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
Weil Gotshal & Manges LLP
767 Fifth Avenue
New York, NY 10153-0119
Dear Ms. McCaffrey:
You have requested Empire Valuation Consultants, LLC ("Empire") to render its
opinion as to: 1) the fair market value of each of limited partnership interests in
the fund management entities, as defined below (the "Management Interests" and the
"Advisor Interests") contributed by LBF Holdings' ("LBFH," a Delaware limited
liability company) to Apollo Management Holdings, LP ("AMHLP" or the
"Partnership") as a percentage of the combined fair market value of all the
Management Interests contributed by LBFH to AMHLP; and 2) the fair market
value of the limited partnership interest in AMHLP received in exchange for the
contribution of the Management Interests (the "AMHLP LP Interest"). These
valuations are as of April 16, 2007 (the "Valuation Date").
The Management Interests include limited partnership interests in: 1) Apollo
Management III, L.P. ("AMIIILP"); 2) Apollo Management IV, L.P. ("AMIVLP");
3) Apollo Management V, L.P. ("AMVLP"); 4) Apollo Management VI, L.P.
("AMVILP"); 5) Apollo Management VII, L.P. ("AMVIILP"); 6) Apollo
Investment Management, L.P. ("AIMLP"); 7) Apollo Value Management, L.P.
("VIFMLP"); 8) Apollo SVF Management, L.P. ("ASVFMLP"); 9) Apollo Asia
Management, L.P. ("AAMLP"); 10) Apollo Europe Management, L.P. ("AEMLP");
11) Apollo Alternative Assets, L.P. ("AAALP"), 12) to be formed Apollo EPF
Management, L.P. ("EPFMLP"), and 13) to be formed New Funds Management,
L.P. ("NFMLP") collectively the "Management Companies"). The Advisor Interests
include limited partnership interests in: Apollo Fund VII Advisor ("Fund VII
Advisor"), Apollo EPF Advisors ("EPF Advisors"), and Apollo New Fund Advisors
("New Fund Advisors"), collectively the "Advisor Companies".
350 Fifth Avenue Suite 5513 New York, NY 10118
New York Rochester West Hanford
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This report references analysis and methodologies discussed in Management
Companies valuation reports as of December 21, 2006 (the "December 2006
Reports"). This report has been prepared as a Restricted Use Appraisal Report as
defined in Standards Rule 10 of The Appraisal Foundation's Uniform Standards of
Professional Appraisal Practice ("USPAP"), which specifically applies to the
preparation of valuation reports of business interests. This report is for your use
and should be considered only in conjunction with the December 2006 Reports.
This report should only be shared with those persons who have read the December
2006 Reports and have the requisite knowledge to understand the risks,
opportunities, and the valuation theories and analyses discussed and applied in this
situation, since this report may not be understood properly by readers who have not
read the December 2006 Reports.
Methodology
AMHLP, the Management Companies, and the Advisor Companies have been valued
on a going concern basis. Since all are closely-held, and thus without a public
market for their ownership interests, this appraisal was conducted according to
guidelines established by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and USPAP, and in
conformity with the American Society of Appraisers' Principles of Appraisal Practice
and Code of Ethics, together with other standards that were deemed relevant to this
engagement.
This appraisal considered all pertinent factors outlined in USPAP Standards Rule 9
and IRS Revenue Ruling 59-60, including, but not limited to, the following:
• the nature and history of AMHLP, the Management Companies, and the
Advisor Companies;
• the financial and economic conditions affecting the general economy, the
Partnership, the Management Companies, the Advisor Companies, and their
industry;
• the past results, current operations, and future prospects of AMHLP, the
Management Companies, and the Advisor Companies;
• the earning capacity and dividend-paying capacity of the Partnership, the
Management Companies, and the Advisor Companies;
• the economic benefit to the Partnership, Management Companies, and the
Advisor Companies of both their tangible and intangible assets;
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• the market price of actively traded interests in public entities engaged in the
same or similar lines of business as AMHLP, the Management Companies,
and the Advisor Companies as well as sales of ownership interests in
entities similar to the Partnership, the Management Companies, and the
Advisor Companies;
• the prices, terms, and conditions of past sales of ownership interests in
AMHLP, the Management Companies, and the Advisor Companies; and
• the impact on the value of ownership interests in AMHLP, the Management
Companies, and the Advisor Companies, resulting from the existence of
buy-sell and option agreements, investment letter stock restrictions,
restrictive shareholders agreements, or other such agreements.
In defining "fair market value," IRS Revenue Ruling 59-60 refers to Section
25.2512-1 of the Gift Tax Regulations. Fair market value is described therein as
the price at which ownership interests would change hands between a willing buyer
and a willing seller, neither being under any compulsion to buy or sell and both
having reasonable knowledge of relevant facts.
Executive Summary
As will be detailed in this report, Empire has determined that Leon Black holds a
33.57% limited partnership interest in AMHLP that is reasonably stated as
$860,100,000, as of April 16, 2007.
Sources of Information
Information used in determining the fair market value of a limited partnership
interest in AMHLP was provided by the documents and sources listed below:
• A copy of the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of
AMHLP, dated April 19, 2007 (the "AMHLP Partnership Agreement");
• A copy of the AMIIILP, AMIVLP, AMVLP, AMVILP, AMVIILP,
AIMLP, VIFMLP, ASVFMLP, AAMLP, AEMLP, AAMLP, and AAALP
valuation reports as of December 21, 2006, referenced earlier as the
December 2006 Reports;
• A copy of the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of
AMIIILP, dated March 17, 1995 (the "AMIIILP Partnership Agreement");
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• Copies of Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreements of Apollo
Investment Fund III, L.P. ("Fund III"), dated March 31, 1995; Apollo
Overseas Partners III, L.P. ("Overseas"), dated March 31, 1995; and
Apollo UK Partners III, L.P. ("UKIII"), dated March 31, 1995;
• Copies of AMIIILP's federal income tax returns, Form 1065, for the years
ended December 31, 2002 through 2005 and preliminary for 2006;
• A copy of the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of
AMIVLP, dated April 18, 1998 (the "AMIVLP Partnership Agreement");
• Copies of Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreements of Apollo
Investment Fund IV, L.P. ("Fund IV"), dated April 21, 1998; and Apollo
Overseas Partners IV, L.P. ("Overseas IV"), dated April 21, 1998;
• Copies of AMIVLP's federal income tax returns, Form 1065, for the years
ended December 31, 2002 through 2006;
• A copy of the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of
AMVLP, dated October 26, 2000 (the "AMVLP Partnership Agreement");
• Copies of Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreements of Apollo
Investment Fund V, L.P. ("Fund V"), dated April 19, 2002 ("Fund V
Partnership Agreement"); Apollo Overseas Partners V, L.P. ("Overseas
V"), dated April 30, 2002; Apollo Netherlands Partners V(A), L.P.
("NPVA"), dated July 31, 2001; Apollo Netherlands Partners V(B), L.P.
("NPVB"), dated July 31, 2001; and Apollo German Partners V GMBH &
Co. KG ("AGV"), dated July 13, 2001;
• Copies of AMVLP's federal income tax returns, Form 1065, for the years
ended December 31, 2003 through 2005 and preliminary for 2006;
• A copy of the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of
AMVILP, effective as of September 21, 2006 (the "AMVILP Partnership
Agreement");
• Copy of the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of
Apollo Investment Fund VI, L.P. ("Fund VI"), dated August 26, 2005
("Fund VI Partnership Agreement");
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• Copies of Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreements of Apollo
Overseas Partners VI, L.P.; Apollo Overseas Partners (Delaware) VI, L.P.;
Apollo Overseas Partners (Delaware 892) VI, L.P.; and Apollo Overseas
Partners (Germany) VI, L.P., all dated August 26, 2005;
• Copy of AMVILP's preliminary federal income tax return, Form 1065, for
the year ended December 31, 2006;
• Copy of Apollo Investment Fund VII, L.P.'s ("Fund VII") Private
Placement Memorandum;
• Copy of AIMLP's Agreement of Limited Partnership, effective as of
February 3, 2004 (the "AIMLP Partnership Agreement");
• Copy of an Investment Advisory Management Agreement between AMHLP
and Apollo Investment Corporation ("AINV" or the "Company") including
a supplement that clarifies the capital gains fee calculation, dated March 25,
2004;
• Copies of AIMLP's federal income tax returns, Form 1065, for the years
ended December 31, 2004 through 2005 and preliminary for 2006;
• Copy of AINV's Prospectus, dated September 20, 2006;
• Copy of AINV's annual report, or 10-K, filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission ("SEC"), for the Company's fiscal year ended March
31, 2006;
• Copy of AINV's quarterly report, or 10-Q, for the Company's fiscal
quarter ended December 31, 2006;
• Copy of a management presentation of AINV as of the end of 2006;
• Agreement of Limited Partnership of Apollo DIF Management. L.P.
("DIF"), dated May 8, 2003;
• Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Apollo Value
Investment, L.P., dated June 1, 2007;
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• First Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of Apollo Value
Investment Master Fund, L.P., ("VIF Master Fund") dated January 1,
2007;
• Amended and Restated Investment Management Agreement between Apollo
Value Investment Offshore Fund, Ltd. and VIFMLP, dated January 1, 2007
("VIFMLP Management Agreement");
• Copies of VIFMLP's federal income tax returns, Form 1065, for the years
ended December 31, 2003 through 2005 and preliminary for 2006;
• Copy of ASVFMLP's Agreement of Limited Partnership, dated May 17,
2006 (the "ASVFMLP Partnership Agreement");
• Copies of private placement memorandums for Apollo Strategic Value Fund
Offshore Fund, Ltd. ("Offshore") and Apollo Strategic Value Fund, L.P.
("SVF Master Fund"), both as of January 2007;
• Copy of the Second Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement
of the Master Fund, dated February 1, 2007 (the "Master Fund LP
Agreement");
• Copy of the Master Fund's financial statements for the period from June
14, 2006 (commencement of operations) to December 31, 2006;
• Copy of ASVFMLP's preliminary federal income tax return, Form 1065,
for the year ended December 31, 2006;
• A copy of the Limited Partnership Agreement of AAMLP, dated December
14, 2006 (the "AAMLP Partnership Agreement");
• Copies of the Limited Partnership Agreements of Apollo Asia Opportunity
Fund, L.P. ("AAO Master Fund"), dated December 11, 2006 ("AAO
Partnership Agreement");
• A copy of the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of
AAALP, dated May 19, 2006 (the "AAALP Partnership Agreement");
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• Copies of the Limited Partnership Agreements of AP Alternative
Investments, L.P. ("AAA"), dated May 31, 2006 ("AAA Partnership
Agreement");
• Copy of AAALP's preliminary federal income tax return, Form 1065, for
the year ended December 31, 2006;
• Copy of an Agreement of Limited Partnership for Apollo International
Management, L.P.' as of April 4, 2006 (the "AEMLP Partnership
Agreement");
• Copy of AEMLP's preliminary federal income tax return, Form 1065, for
the year ended December 31, 2006;
• Apollo AP Investment Europe Investor Presentation as of March 31, 2007,
containing some information as of December 31, 2006 (the "AEM Investor
Report");
• Projections provided by management as of April 2007;
• Ownership schedule of Mr. Black's interests provided by Apollo, as of the
Valuation Date;
• Conversations and correspondence with John Suydam, Apollo Group's
("Apollo") Chief Legal Officer; Barry Giarraputo, Chief Financial Officer
for AP Alternative Investments; and Michael Gullace, Director of Special
Projects and others at Apollo; as well as attorneys from the firm of Weil
Gotshal & Manges, LLP and Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Felp LLP; and
• Other reviews, analyses, and research as were deemed necessary.
Apollo, Management Companies & Advisor Companies Overview
Founded in 1990 by a group of four experienced investment management individuals
from Drexel Burnham Lambert, the Apollo umbrella covers a variety of mainly
private investment vehicles. It is considered a leading global alternative asset
manager. Alongside its traditional private equity funds, Apollo also oversees
distressed debt and mezzanine investing. Typically, Apollo has concentrated its
Apollo International Management, M.'s name was changed to AEMLP prior to the Valuation
Date.
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investments in middle-market companies. Apollo's managing partners are Leon
Black, Joshua Harris, and Marc Rowan, who have worked together for more than
20 years and, as of December 2006, led a team of over 70 investment specialists.
Apollo has offices in New York, London, Los Angeles, Singapore, Frankfurt, and
Paris.
As of the Valuation Date, Apollo had invested some $24.5 billion since inception in
over 150 companies. Over time, the firm hopes to assemble a balance between its
private equity and capital market funds, but as of December 2006, over $20 billion
was concentrated in private equity.
In the context of the Apollo funds, private equity funds raise pools of capital from
institutional investors and high net worth individuals. These funds typically seek to
acquire significant controlling ownership interests in businesses and typically invest
in the common equity or preferred stock of private and sometimes public
companies. Private equity funds are typically structured as unregistered limited
partnership funds with terms of eight to ten years, and can contain provisions to
extend the life of the fund under certain circumstances. Investors in private equity
funds provide a commitment to the fund that is called by the fund as investments
are made and equity capital is required. Private equity fund managers typically earn
fees as follows: (i) management fees based on the amount of invested or committed
capital; (ii) transaction and advisory fees as capital is invested and portfolio
companies are managed; and (iii) a carried interest based on the performance of the
fund, which is often subject to a preferred return for investors, or "hurdle."
Apollo's capital market funds are essentially "hedge funds."2 Hedge funds are
typically structured as limited partnerships, limited liability companies or offshore
corporations. Hedge fund managers earn a base management fee typically based on
the net asset value ("NAV") of the fund, and incentive fees based on a percentage
of the fund's profits. Some hedge funds set a "hurdle rate" under which the fund
manager does not earn an incentive fee until the fund's performance exceeds a
benchmark rate. Another feature common to hedge funds is the "high water mark"
under which a fund manager does not earn incentive fees until the net asset value
exceeds the highest historical value on which incentive fees were last paid.
Typical investors include high net worth individuals and institutions. These
investors can invest and withdraw funds periodically in accordance with the terms of
the funds, which may include lock-up periods on withdrawals. Hedge fund
2 Hedge fund is a managed portfolio that has targeted a specific return goal regardless of market
conditions and can use a wide variety of different investing strategies to achieve this goal, and
generally those strategies are managed and executed by a portfolio manager.
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managers often commit a portion of their own capital in the funds they manage to
align their interests with those of the investors.
Over the last 12 months, the Apollo funds have collectively generated a gross
annual return of 22.6%, a net annualized return of 16.4%, and a Sharpe Ratio of
4.4.3 Management was forecasting existing and targeted assets under management
("AUM") for the end of 2007 at $43.7 billion. Over half of that amount was in
play at the end of 2006. It should be noted that the return levels achieved by
Apollo's funds varied significantly depending on the nature of the funds and the
investments made.
The Management Companies were established to act as managers for each of the
underlying funds and each management company collects a management fee from
the fund. In addition, some management companies also receive a carried interest
from the underlying fund. The Advisor Companies were established to hold the
limited partner interests in the underlying funds and each advisor receives carry
income from the investments made by the fund.
Fund Profiles & Investment Strategies
Profiles and investment strategies of each of the underlying funds is presented
below. Funds III, IV, V, VI, and VII are "Private Equity Funds." AIM, VIF,
SVF, AAO, AEM, and AAA are "Capital Markets Funds." Europe Principal
Finance ("EPF") is a fund to be formed in 2007 and "New Fund" is a new capital
markets fund to be formed in 2008.
A. Fund Profiles
Fund III: Fund III was established in March of 1995 with approximately $1.5
billion in capital. AMIIILP was designated as Fund III's Manager. Fund III's
general partner was Apollo Advisors II, L.P. The initial term of Fund III is ten
years following the final Closing Date (of March 17, 1995) as defined in the Fund
III Partnership Agreement. However, the term of Fund III was extended to
liquidate the remaining assets. As of the Valuation Date, the remaining assets were
being liquidated and no value is attributed to them.
The investment objective of Fund III was to achieve long-term capital appreciation
through equity and equity-equivalent investments providing control or influential
minority equity positions and through investments in debt or other securities that
provided equity-like returns. Fund III generally pursued individual investments
3 A commonly used measure of risk-adjusted performance of an investment asset.
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ranging in size from approximately $20 million to $200 million in companies with
enterprise values in excess of $100 million. Consistent with the principals' past
practice, Fund III aligned itself with the existing management team and, through
board representation, sought to develop and implement effective operating plans and
appropriate capital structures.
Fund III used three approaches to generate value: (1) transition financings; (2)
special situation recapitalizations; and (3) middle market leveraged acquisitions. For
transition financings, Fund III identified companies that had progressed beyond the
early stage venture capital investors but were not yet positioned to access public
market capital, or otherwise needed to raise capital more quickly or confidentially
than could be done in public markets. Special situation recapitalizations consisted
of companies with high quality operating businesses but low quality balance sheets.
Fund III purchased distressed securities in the secondary markets or through direct
capital infusions. In middle market leveraged acquisitions, Fund III targeted
companies or businesses where rates of return could be enhanced through the
appropriate use of leverage and where an entrepreneurial management team was
comfortable operating in a leveraged environment. Fund III also pursued
transactions where it believed a non-core business owned by a large corporation
would function more effectively if structured as an independent entity managed by a
focused stand-alone team.
Fund III did not invest more than 25% of total capital commitments in any
portfolio investment or series of portfolio investments made directly or indirectly in
a single portfolio company.
Fund IV: Fund IV was established in December of 1997 with approximately $3.6
billion in capital. AMIVLP was designated as Fund IV's Manager. Fund IV's
general partner was Apollo Advisors III, L.P. The term of Fund IV is ten years
following the final Closing Date (of April 21, 1998) as defined in the Fund IV
Partnership Agreement. Fund IV is expected to begin liquidation of assets shortly
after the Valuation Date; however, it is unknown how long this process will take.
The investment objective of Fund IV is to achieve long-term capital appreciation
through equity and equity-equivalent investments providing control or influential
minority equity positions and through investments in debt or other securities that
provided equity-like returns. Fund IV pursued individual investments ranging in
size from approximately $50 million to $250 million. Fund IV's investment
philosophy is to find companies with strong, enduring business franchises that have
attractive risk/reward profiles. Strong business franchises are evidenced by highly
respected products, expanding market share, highly efficient production and strong,
experienced management teams. Consistent with the principals' past practice, Fund
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IV aligned itself with the existing management team and through board
representation sought to develop and implement effective operating plans and
appropriate capital structures.
Fund IV is similar to previously discussed funds in its approach to generate value
through: (1) classic buyouts; (2) distressed buyouts; and (3) corporate partner
buyouts.
Fund V: Fund V was established in April of 2001 with approximately $5 billion in
capital. AMVLP was designated as Fund V's Manager. Fund V's general partner
was Apollo Advisors V, L.P. The term of Fund V is ten years following the final
Closing Date (of April 30, 2002) as defined in the Fund V Partnership Agreement.
The investment objective of Fund V is to achieve long-term capital appreciation
through equity and equity-equivalent investments providing control or influential
minority equity positions and through investments in debt or other securities
providing equity-like returns. Fund V is global in nature and seeks investments
across a range of industries, markets, and regions and generally pursues individual
investments ranging in size from approximately $75 million to $450 million.
Fund V is similar to previously discussed funds in its approach to generate value.
In terms of geographic orientation, without the consent of its Advisory Board, Fund
V may not invest more than 25% of its aggregate commitments in securities of
issuers organized and operating primarily outside of North America. Overseas,
NPVA, NPVB, and AGV are known as Fund V's Co-Investing Entities and are
funded primarily by foreign or tax exempt investors and co-invest with Fund V.
Fund VI: Fund VI closed in January of 2006 with approximately $10.1 billion in
commitments, of which $1.6 billion had been invested as of the Valuation Date.
AMVILP was designated as Fund VI's Manager. Fund VI's general partner was
Apollo Advisors VI, L.P. The term of Fund VI is ten years following the final
closing (which was in January of 2006) as defined in the Fund VI Partnership
Agreement, but may be extended for up to a maximum of three years at the
discretion of the General Partner upon notice to the Advisory Board and for further
periods with the consent of a majority in interest of limited partners.
The investment objective of Fund VI is to achieve long-term capital appreciation by
making investments in: control or influential minority equity and equity equivalent
positions; and debt or other securities providing equity-like returns. Fund VI seeks
investments across a range of industries, markets, and regions and generally pursues
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individual investments ranging in size from approximately $150 million to $600
million.
Fund VI is similar to previously discussed funds in its approach to generate value.
In terms of geographic orientation, without the consent of its Advisory Board, Fund
VI may not invest more than 25% of its aggregate commitments in securities of
issuers organized and operating primarily outside of North America. The Co-
Investing Entities are funded primarily by foreign or tax exempt investors and co-
invest with Fund VI.
Fund VII: As of the Valuation Date, Fund VII was being established with
approximately $15 billion in capital. Fund VII expects to generally pursue
investments ranging in size from approximately $200 million to $1.5 billion. Fund
VII will seek to make control-oriented investments in undervalued franchise assets at
purchase multiples below those of its peers.
AINV: AINV, a Maryland corporation, began operations in April of 2004,
following its IPO and receipt of some $870 million in total net IPO proceeds.
AINV received another $294 million in total net proceeds from its second public
offering in March 2006. Since April of 2004, AINV has invested in some 90
companies. In exchange for the management of the day-to-day operations of AINV
(subject to AINV's Board of Directors) and investment advisory services, AINV
pays a fee to AIMLP. This fee consists of two components: (1) a base
management fee; and (2) an incentive fee.
AINV invests primarily in middle-market companies in the form of mezzanine and
senior secured loans. In general, the Company structures its mezzanine investments
primarily as unsecured, subordinated loans that provide for relatively high interest
rates that provide current interest income. These loans typically have interest-only
payments in the early years, with amortization of principal deferred to the later
years of the mezzanine loans. In some cases, AINV enters into loans that, by their
terms, convert into equity or additional debt securities or defer payments of interest
after its investment. Also, in some cases its mezzanine loans may be collateralized
by a subordinated lien on some or all of the assets of the borrower. Typically,
AINV's mezzanine loans have stated maturities of five to ten years.
AINV also invests in portfolio companies in the form of senior secured loans that it
expects to have terms of three to ten years and may provide for deferred interest
payments over the term of the loan. AINV generally seeks to obtain security
interests in the assets of its portfolio companies that serve as collateral in support
of the repayment of these loans. This collateral may take the form of first or
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second priority liens on the assets of a portfolio company. In addition, AINV
makes some direct equity investments and, from time to time, may also invest in
companies that are thinly traded. It was management's expectation that AINV
would hold most of its investments to maturity or repayment, but that it may sell
certain of its investments earlier, if a liquidity event takes place.
As of the Valuation Date, over half of AINV's investments were in the form of
subordinated debt/corporate notes.
VIF Master Fund: VIF Master Fund was established in July of 2003 with
approximately $1 billion in capital. VIFMLP was designated as VIF's Manager.
VIF's general partner was Apollo Value Advisors, L.P.
As with SVF and AAO, the master fund was organized to receive all of its capital
contributions from the feeder funds, which consist of an on-shore and off-shore
component. The feeder funds operate by placing substantially all of their assets in,
and conducting their investment and trading activities through the master fund.
Management and incentive fees are generally paid at the feeder fund level.
Senior management believes that distressed debt is an asset class that performs well
in a very distinct and limited economic and capital market environment. When
such an environment exists, VIF seek to create a diversified portfolio of bank debt,
high yield debt and preferred stock. Investments are made in increments of
approximately $10 million to $50 million. The intent is to take large, long-term
illiquid positions in distressed debt in order to seek significant influence or control
of companies and make smaller, shorter-term market-oriented investments based on
company fundamentals without seeking control.
SVF Master Fund: SVF Master Fund is a Delaware limited partnership and
Offshore is a Cayman Islands exempted company, both of which commenced
operations in June 2006. SVF was designed to be suitable primarily for investors
that are United States ("U.S.") taxpayers while Offshore was designed for investors
who are U.S. tax-exempt or non-U.S. based. The Feeder Funds operate by placing
substantially all of their assets in, and conducting substantially all of their
investment and trading activities through, the Master Fund, which facilitates
collective investment by the Feeder Funds.
SVF offers two types of limited partnership interests: Class A and Class B. These
interests are identical except for exposure to "Special Investments:4 management
4 Special Investments are defined as those categorized by the general partner or the Manager as
such. Generally these investments are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on transferability
or otherwise not readily marketable without impairing the value of such investments.
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fees, and withdrawal rights. Likewise, Offshore offers Class A shares and Class B
shares, which have identical rights with the same exceptions as SVF. The rights of
the Feeder Funds' two types of interests (where they differ) are described in the
following table.
Table I
Feeder Funds' Class A & Class B Rights
Right Class A Class B
Initial Lock-up 12 months 5 years
6% declining to 2% during the second year of
Withdrawal Reductions None
investment
20% of the capital account balance (SVF) or
Limit on "Special Investments" None
20% of NAV (Offshore)
Management Fees 2.0% 1.75%
Offshore uses "Class S Shares" to facilitate accounting for Special Investments. All
shares other than Class S Shares are considered "Regular Shares." Whenever
Offshore makes a Special Investment (or when ASVFMLP, in its sole discretion,
determines that an investment has become a Special Investment), Offshore shall: (i)
authorize a new series of Class S Shares with an aggregate net value equal to the
cost (or, in the case of an existing investment which is reclassified as a Special
Investment, the fair market value) of such Special Investment; and (ii) exchange
Regular Shares outstanding at such time with an aggregate NAV equal to that of
the new series of Class S Shares, pro rata by class (based on the aggregate NAV
of all Regular Shares of each class of shares at such time), according to each
shareholder's pro rata share (based on the relative number of Regular Shares of
such class held by each shareholder). When a Special Investment is realized or
deemed realized, each holder of Class S Shares will have them exchanged back into
Regular Shares at the then-current NAV per share.
The SVF Master Fund was formed to invest in absolute-value investment
opportunities, primarily among the securities of distressed companies in North
America and Europe. The SVF Master Fund invests in the securities of leveraged
companies using three primary strategies: (1) distressed investments (primarily a
long-only strategy focused on the debt securities of companies in the periods before,
during, and after bankruptcy); (2) value driven investments (long and short
investments that span the capital structure of leveraged companies and seek to profit
from identified catalysts that will typically develop within six to nine months from
the initial investments); and (3) special opportunities (primarily a long-only strategy
focused on control opportunities and illiquid securities).
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AAO Master Fund: AAO Master Fund was established in December of 2006 with
approximately $200.0 million in capital. AAMLP was designated as AAO's
Manager. AAO's general partner was Apollo Asia Advisors L.P. At the Valuation
Date, $65.0 million had been invested.
AAO will invest primarily in strategic and event-driven opportunities through
investments in debt and equity securities principally of middle market and large
companies, with a primary investment focus on China, Indonesia, India, Malaysia,
and Singapore and a secondary focus on Australia, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand,
and other Southeast Asian countries.
AEM: AEM is a limited liability Guernsey incorporated investment company that
commenced operations in July 2006 with $250 million in invested capital from AP
Alternative Assets ("APA"). AEMLP was designated as AEM's Investment
Manager.
AEM closed a private placement shortly before the Valuation Date (the "First
Private Placement and Closing"). During the period from incorporation to the
Valuation Date, APA had invested some $250 million in redeemable preference
shares issued by the company. APA's investment in AEM will be converted into
"A" Ordinary Shares, prior to closing of the First Private Placement and Closing.
In addition, AEM has one majority voting share in issue which carries the right to
vote but not to receive any participation in the economic performance of the
Company and, prior to the First Private Placement and Closing, will be
redesignated as 100 "B" Ordinary Shares.
AEM's investment objectives are to generate current income and capital appreciation
through mezzanine, debt, and equity investments primarily in European companies.
AEM intends to invest approximately 70% of its gross assets in secured and
unsecured subordinated loans (also referred to as mezzanine loans), senior secured
loans, high-yield debt and preference equity (together the "Target Credit
Instruments"). AEM also intends that approximately 70% of its gross assets will
be invested in securities issued by, or loans made to, companies established or
operating in Europe. AEM has a current focus on western European companies.
While AEM's primary focus is on Target Credit Instruments and on investments in
companies established or operating in Europe, it also expects to invest up to 30%
of its gross assets in other opportunistic investments, such as distressed debt and
private or public equity investments worldwide.
AEM currently intends to seek a listing on a recognized European exchange of the
"A" Ordinary Shares following full investment of the proceeds of the First Private
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Placement and Closing. In the event that AEM has not applied for such listing
within 18 months of closing, the base management fee will be suspended and, in
the event that such listing has not been achieved within 24 months of the closing,
the Board is required to seek the approval of the shareholders to the continuation of
the Company in its current form.
AAA: AAA was established in May of 2006 with approximately $1.8 billion in
capital. AAALP was designated as AAA's Manager. AAA's general partner was
AAA Guernsey Limited.
Over time, AAA expects to invest 50% or more of its capital in private equity
investments. The remaining capital will be co-invested with Apollo's capital
markets funds.
AAA's private equity investments will consist of: (1) commitments to private equity
funds sponsored by Apollo; (2) co-investments alongside such funds; and (3)
purchases of secondary interests in such funds.
In addition to investments in private equity, AAA will deploy capital through
investments in, or co-investment arrangements with, Apollo's capital markets-focused
funds, in SVF Master Fund (one of Apollo's debt and equity investment funds
focused on value-oriented and distressed securities), AEM (Apollo's European
mezzanine and leveraged debt investment vehicle), and Apollo Investment
Corporation (Apollo's U.S. mezzanine and leveraged debt investment vehicle).
EFP is tentatively marketed as a Germany fund. No concrete plans have been
made for New Fund at the Valuation Date.
B. Economic Structure
The economic structure of each Fund is outlined below, based on the terms set
forth in the respective partnership agreements. Any capitalized terms below that
have not been specifically defined elsewhere in this report shall have the meanings
set forth in the respective partnership agreements.
Table II
Fund Economic Structure
Allocation
Operating
Fund Name Management Fees of Profits Distributions Clawback
Expenses
& Lasses
Fund III 1.5% of committed Pro Rata First, return of GP will be Fund Ill
capital. Management capital to all required to shall bear
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Allocation
Operating
Fund Name Management Fees of Profits Distributions Clawback
Expenses
& Lasses
fees reduced by 50% partners. Then, to restore all normal
of operating expenses. LPs until LPs funds if it operating
receive 8% internal has received expenses.
rate of return. more than
Finally, 80% to 20% of
the GP until the proceeds.
GP earns a 20%
return. Thereafter,
20% to GP and
80% to all
partners.
Fund IV Before 6th Anniversary: Pro Rata First, return of GP will be Fund IV
1.5% up to $2.5 capital to all required to shall bear
billion, 1.0% in excess partners. Then, to restore all normal
of $2.5 billion, 0.25% LPs until LPs funds if it operating
in excess of $3.0 receive 8% internal has received expenses.
billion. After 6th rate of return. more than
Anniversary: 0.75% up Finally, 80% to 20% of
to $3.0 billion, 0.25% the GP until the proceeds.
in excess of $3.0 GP earns a 20%
billion. Management return. Thereafter,
fees reduced by 65% 20% to GP and
of operating expenses. 80% to all
partners.
Fund V Before 6th Anniversary: Pro Rata First, return of GP will be Fund V
1.5% up to $3.1 capital to all required to shall bear
billion, 1.0% in excess partners. Then, to restore all normal
of $4.6 billion, 0.25% LPs until LPs funds if it operating
in excess of $4.6 receive 8% internal has received expenses.
billion. After 6th rate of return. more than
Anniversary: 0.75% up Finally, 80% to 20% of
to $2.3 billion, 0.25% the GP until the proceeds.
in excess of $2.3 GP earns a 20%
billion. Management return. Thereafter,
fees reduced by 65% 20% to GP and
of operating expenses. 80% to all
partners.
Fund VI Before 6th Anniversary: Pro Rata First, return of GP will be Fund VI
1.5% up to $5.0 capital to all required to shall bear
billion and 1.0% in partners. Then, to restore all normal
excess of $5.0 billion. LPs until LPs funds if it operating
After 6th Anniversary: receive 8% internal has received expenses.
0.75% up to $2.3 rate of return. more than
billion, 0.25% in Finally, 80% to 20% of
excess of $2.3 billion. the GP until the proceeds.
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Allocation
Operating
Fund Name Management Fees of Profits Distributions Clawback
Expenses
& Losses
Management fees GP earns a 20%
reduced by 65% of return. Thereafter,
operating expenses. 20% to GP and
80% to all
partners.
Fund VII 1.5% up to $7.0 Pro Rata First, return of N/A Fund VII
billion and 1.0% in capital to all shall bear
excess of $7.0 billion. partners. Then, to all normal
Management fees LPs until LPs operating
reduced by 68% of receive 8% internal expenses.
operating expenses. rate of return.
Finally, 80% to
the GP until the
GP earns a 20%
return. Thereafter,
20% to GP and
80% to all
partners.
AINV 2% of capital. N/A First, return of N/A N .\
capital to all
partners. Then, to
LPs until LPs
receive 7% internal
rate of return.
Finally, 80% to
the GP until the
GP earns a 20%
return. Thereafter,
20% to GP and
80% to all
partners.
VIE 1.5% of LP net asset Pro rata. First, return of N/A VIF shall
value. capital to all bear all
partners. Then, to normal
LPs until LPs operating
receive 8% internal expenses.
rate of return.
Finally, 80% to
the GP until the
GP earns a 20%
return. Thereafter,
20% to GP and
80% to all
partners.
SVF 2% of Class A net N/A N/A N/A N/A
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Allocation
Operating
Fund Name Management Fees of Profits Distributions Clawback
Expenses
& Lasses
asset value and 1.75%
of Class B net asset
value.
AAO 2% on the net asset Pro rata. Pro rata as N, A AAO shall
value of the LP determined by the bear all
interest. GP. normal
operating
expenses.
AEM 2% of capital. N/A First, return of N/A AEM shall
capital to all bear all
partners. Then, to normal
LPs until LPs operating
receive 7% internal expenses.
rate of return.
Finally, 80% to
the GP until the
GP earns a 20%
return. Thereafter,
20% to GP and
80% to all
partners.
AAA 1.25% up to $3.0 Pro rata. Pro rata as N/A AAA shall
billion and 1.0% in determined by the bear all
excess of $3.0 billion. GP. normal
operating
expenses.
EFP Expected to be similar Expected to Expected to be Expected to Expected to
to AAO. be similar similar to AAO. be similar be similar
to AAO. to AAO. to AAO.
New Fund Expected to be similar Expected to Expected to be Expected to Expected to
to AAO. be similar similar to AAO. be similar be similar
to AAO. to AAO. to AAO.
For additional information regarding the Funds' financial histories, management, and
other information, please refer to the December 2006 Reports.
Partnership Profile
AMHLP is a limited partnership formed under the Delaware Revised Uniform
Limited Partnership Act (the "Act"). The Partnership was originally formed in
January of 2007 and, as of the Valuation Date, acted as a holding company for the
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Management Companies and Advisor Companies. Since the Partnership was
recently formed, no financial statements were available.
A. Partnership Ownership
The Partnership's general partner is Apollo Management Holdings GP, LLC (the
"GP"). In addition, there are three limited partners, including LBFH, which holds
the limited partnership interest being analyzed and valued.
B. AMHLP Partnership Agreement Provisions
The following provisions of the AMHLP Partnership Agreement were considered
relevant to the valuation of a limited partnership interest in AMHLP. Any
capitalized terms below that have not been specifically defined elsewhere in this
report shall have the meanings set forth in the AMHLP Partnership Agreement.
• Subject to the AMHLP Partnership Agreement, the GP has complete and
exclusive responsibility (i) for all management decisions to be made on behalf
of the Partnership and (ii) for the conduct of the business and affairs of the
Partnership.
• The Partnership will pay or reimburse the GP for all costs and expenses
arising in connection with the organization and operations of the Partnership.
• The limited partners ("LPs") have no right to take part in the management
or control of the Partnership's business, nor any right or authority to act for
the Partnership, or to vote on matters other than those specifically set forth
in the AMHLP Partnership Agreement or as required by law.
• From time to time, the GP shall cause the Partnership to make distributions
to the LPs, pro ram.
• Allocations of profit and loss shall be made pro ram among the partners'
capital accounts.
• No LP may transfer his interest in the Partnership and no transferee shall
become a substituted LP, unless the prior written consent of the GP has
been obtained, which consent may be withheld at the absolute discretion of
the GP.
• The GP may admit one or more additional GPs at any time without the
consent of any LP.
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• A partner may not withdraw from the Partnership prior to its dissolution
without the prior approval (i) of the LPs (if the withdrawing partner is the
GP) or (ii) of the GP (if the withdrawing partner is an LP).
• The term of the Partnership is until the GP shall elect to dissolve it or at
any time that there are no LPs.
Economic, Industry & Company Outlook
In the appraisal of any company, the general economic factors prevailing at the
valuation date, as well as those foreseen then, must be considered. Assimilation of
these facts and forecasts provides insight into the economic climate in which
investors are dealing. Although individual factors may or may not have a direct
impact upon a particular industry, the overall economy and its outlook have a
strong influence on how investors perceive investment opportunities.
A. General Economy
For this analysis, the general economic climate that prevailed through the first
quarter of 2007 was considered, as was the outlook for the domestic economy.
This section of the report contains an overview of selected economic factors, such
as gross domestic product ("GDP"), inflation, and U.S. monetary and fiscal policy.
The Value Line forecast closest to the Valuation Date was utilized, as it was
considered to be most reasonable. In its Quarterly Economic Review, dated
February 23, 2007, Value Line expected economic growth to average 2.5% to 3%
in 2007. That pace was thought to be moderate enough to contain inflation.
Value Line also expected the Federal Reserve (the "Fed") to hold steady on interest
rates, with the possibility of a reduction later in 2007 or early in 2008.
In 2008, GDP growth was forecast to average 3%, with benign inflation and steady
to slightly lower interest rates. By the end of the year, the possibility existed for
consumer growth to slow, but this could be offset by recoveries in the housing and
domestic auto sectors. One potential disruption, however, would be a terrorist
attack or a military conflict that could negatively affect the energy markets. Other
possibilities included a disease pandemic, a widespread drought or other catastrophic
weather event, or a move by the Fed that might disrupt the markets. Any one, or
a combination of these events, could result in a serious recession.
According to Value Line, inflation would remain relatively constant, and could
moderate further in 2007. In 2005, producer prices rose by 4.9% versus a gain of
3.6% in 2004, while consumer prices rose 3.4%, up from 2.7% in 2004.
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Producer prices were expected to increase by 2.9% in 2006, and consumer prices
were expected to increase 3.2%. The change in industrial production was estimated
to be 4.1% in 2006, and was expected to average 2.4% from 2007 through 2011.
Value Line expected short-term borrowing costs to remain stable through the first
half of 2007, before potentially declining by the first part of 2008. Long-term
rates, meanwhile, were forecast to remain in a relatively narrow range in 2007 and
2008. The three-month Treasury bill rate was 5.0% at the publication date and
was expected to remain at that level in the first quarter of 2007. The Prime
Lending Rate was 8.25% at the publication date and was forecast to fluctuate
between 8.0% and 8.3% through 2011. Value Line believed that the Fed would
maintain a stable monetary policy.
The outlook for corporate earnings remained bright for the next several quarters,
although some moderation was expected as a result of a slight deceleration in GDP
growth over this time frame. It should be noted, however, that productivity had
strengthened and unit labor costs rose more slowly than expected. In addition,
energy and commodities prices became less of a problem than they were in 2006.
As such, corporate earnings, while tempered by modest economic growth, were
forecast to improve steadily in 2007 at a rate of between 5% and 10%.
In sum, Value Line was forecasting real, inflation-adjusted GDP to rise at a rate of
3.4% for all of 2006. Longer-term projections called for real GDP growth to
increase from 2.8% in 2007 to 3.3% in 2011, based on assumptions that oil prices
would decline from nearly $56 to $50 a barrel, that the Fed would maintain short-
term interest rates at relatively constant levels through 2011, and that there would
be no marked change for the worse on the global front.
B. Industry Outlook for Private Equity Investing
According to the April 9, 2007 Dow Jones Financial Information Services article
titled - Private-Equity Fund Raising Continues At Rapid Pace, following a year that
US private-equity firms raised a record amount of money, the record trend
continued through the first quarter of 2007 with firms raising $44.3 billion among
68 funds. This was up 67% from the 46 funds that raised $26.6 billion in the
first quarter of 2006.
The private equity industry broke all previous records in 2006, raising $246.3
billion in 359 funds. So far in 2007, in addition to the $44.3 billion raised in the
first quarter, some 400 other funds were known to be raising at least another $130
billion at present, according to the monthly newsletter's database of funds. Private
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Page 23
equity includes buyout and corporate finance funds, venture capital, mezzanine funds
and funds of funds.
The buyout side of the private equity industry continued to be the primary focus,
representing $35.2 billion of the total raised in the first quarter. In addition to the
buyout funds, 22 venture capital funds raised $3.8 billion in the first quarter of
2007, down from the $4.4 billion raised by venture capital firms in the first quarter
of 2006. Other private equity, funds of funds, and mezzanine funds were
responsible for the balance of $5.3 billion in the first quarter.
According to the November 23, 2006 Standard & Poor's - Industry Surveys:
Investment Services, the private equity industry, which comprised venture capital and
leveraged buyout funds ("LBO"), raised record amounts of money in 2005 and
2006. LBOs were particularly strong, generating a multitude of M&A advisory
activity for investment banks. Generally, institutional investors were attracted to
private equity investment since returns were often higher than traditional investments
such as stocks and bonds. Buyout funds for instance, realized annual returns of
more than 24% in 2004 and 2005 according to Thompson Financial. This
contrasted to a return of only 3% for the S&P Composite Stock Index in 2005.
Given the robust investment performance, increased fundraising activity ensued.
The Blackstone Group Inc., for example, closed a record $15.6 billion fund in
2006, while the Texas Pacific Group raised a $15 billion fund. As a whole, LBOs
raised approximately $160 billion in capital from investors during the first nine
months of 2006 according to data provided by Private Equity Intelligence. The
industry, overall, was on track to raise $400 billion in new capital for the full
year. As noted, one factor contributing to the growth of LBOs was relatively low
interest rates in the U.S. and around the world, making debt financing cheaper than
in years past.
As presented in the March 2007 Private Equity Intelligence's (referenced from
CNN) - Big Buyouts Go Global news article, private equity investors were
searching globally for deals, but the U.S. market was also expected to remain
strong. Many of the factors contributing to the global boom included: massive
amounts of cheap capital, and a desire for more significant returns on the part of
investors. More specifically, buyout funds raised $204 billion worldwide in 2006,
up 40% from $146 billion in 2005. Many characterized the private equity industry
as becoming more global today than it had ever been before. In fact, buyout deals
accounted for 61% of the deals in the U.S. last year, up from 56% in 2004.
Much of this was attributed to the growing competition within the U.S. market, and
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Page 24
the possibilities for greater investment opportunities abroad. Activity in regions
such as Britain, Germany, Italy and Spain were representative examples.
Nevertheless, the international market was becoming more and more crowded, even
in the once emerging regions such as Asia. As a result, buyout firms sought
opportunities in rapidly growing economies such as Brazil and Eastern Europe,
where prices were not bid up significantly. Meanwhile, as deal activity was
accelerating overseas, U.S. activity was still resilient. Some characterized the U.S.
market as mature, but there were opportunities in the market for multi-billion dollar
deals where only the largest players could compete.
C. Industry Outlook for Hedge Funds
The investment management industry includes mutual funds, closed-end funds, unit
investment trusts, hedge funds, and other organizations that manage the pooled
savings of individuals and organizations. By pooling investors' savings, investment
managers provide a number of benefits to investors, such as diversification, reduced
risk, lower transaction costs, and professional advice.
According to the HFA,5 most hedge funds are highly specialized, relying on the
specific expertise of the manager or management team. Due to historically limited
regulatory controls, hedge fund managers have considerable flexibility with respect
to their investment strategies — the short selling of securities, as well as the use of
leverage and derivatives — are all viable alternatives. As a result, a wide variety
of techniques are employed across the hedge fund universe, with investment returns,
volatility and risk varying enormously across different strategies. Therefore, while
some strategies, uncorrelated with the equity markets, may be able to deliver
consistent returns with low risk of loss, others may be as or more volatile than
mutual fund investments.
Current Outlook: According to the December 2006 Milken Institute's - Hedge
Funds: Risks and Returns in Global Capital Markets analysis, unlike hedge funds,
mutual funds were widely available to the public and had to be registered with the
Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Consequently, mutual funds were
limited in the type of investment strategies employed. While mutual funds were
highly constrained, hedge funds were typically set up as limited partnerships and
were not inhibited by regulatory limitations on their investment strategies. More
recently, however, with the ongoing dialogue about the impact of hedge funds on
global financial stability, and with broader debate on the need for industry
regulation, studies trying to ascertain the effects of hedge funds on the broader
S Hedge Fund Association, www.thehfa.org.
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financial markets (i.e. systematic or market risk), have quite often been less than
successful.
More broadly, from 1981 to June 2006, the hedge fund industry recorded
continuous and rapid growth, with the recent exception being over the first half of
2006. In addition, over this period, the number of new funds grew at an average
annual rate of 30%, while total assets advanced at an average annual rate of 47%.
In terms of sheer size, the average size of a hedge fund in 2005 was $129 million.
By June 2006, this figure stood at $150 million. Nevertheless, as noted, in spite
of the strong historical long-term growth figures, during the first six months of
2006, the net change in the number of funds declined quite sharply. As such, with
381 new funds entering the market, as 462 were exiting, this resulted in a net
decline of 81 funds as of June 2006.
The list of strategies which hedge funds utilized was quite extensive. A brief
synopsis of each is provided below:
• Fund of funds (multistrategies) - Invested in a wide range of hedge funds
and mutual funds, leading to broader diversification;
• Long/short Equity - Acquired certain stocks long and sold others short, so
that net positions were supported by relative value rather than the absolute
value of the security;
• Fund of funds - Invested in hedge funds and mutual funds with a specific
strategy rather than multiple strategies;
• Event-driven - Undertook significant positions in a limited number of
companies with special situations, such as distressed stocks, mergers and
takeovers;
• Market-neutral - Sought to take advantage of differences in stock prices by
being long and short in stocks within the same sector, industry, market
capitalization, etc. In effect, this created a hedge against broader market
factors;
• Commodity trading advisor - acquired or sold commodity futures or option
contracts;
• Multistrategy - utilized several strategies to produce returns;
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• Global - Based investment strategies on overall economic and political
views of various countries, including emerging markets, Asian countries,
and Eastern European countries to name but a few;
• Macro - Utilized investment strategies based on macroeconomic principles,
such as relative performance of country, interest rate trends, changes in
general flow of funds, etc.;
• Sector — Formed investment strategies on specific sectors, such as bio-tech,
technology, and defense for instance;
• Directional - Focused on investment strategies on long or short positions
only.
According to the April 2007 Market Watch report, Hedge Funds Raise Record $60
Bln in First Quarter, hedge funds took in a record $60 billion in new money
during the first quarter of 2007 as institutions and rich individuals continued to be
attracted to the industry. Inflows were almost four times greater than in the fourth
quarter of 2006, as the collapse of Amaranth Advisors briefly dented interest in
hedge funds. The previous record was set in the third quarter of last year, when
funds pulled in $44.5 billion in new money. At the end of the first quarter industry
assets stood at $1.568 trillion.
Equity hedge funds, which invest in and bet against stocks, raised $20.3 billion in
new money during the first quarter. That's the largest quarterly inflow ever
recorded for a single strategy. Relative-value arbitrage hedge funds took in $10.3
billion in new assets in the quarter, making that strategy the second-most popular.
Every other major strategy recorded a positive flow for the quarter. Funds of
funds, which allocate money to a range of underlying managers, saw net new flows
of $8 billion in the quarter, marking the fifth straight quarter of positive inflows
for the category.
Recent Public Offerings by Hedge Managers: According to the February 9, 2007
CNNMonney.com article, Fortress Execs Hit $10 Billion Jackpot, Fortress
Investment made history becoming the first hedge fund in the country to go public
on February 9, 2007 delivering nearly $10 billion in value to its five principals.
Shares of Fortress spiked in their first day of trading, giving the firm the best first-
day pop for an IPO in 2007 at a market capitalization of about $12.4 billion.
Fortress raised $634 million in its stock debut.
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According to the April 2, 2007 Fortune article, Predicting the Next Big Hedge
Fund IPO, six weeks after Fortress made history as becoming the first hedge fund
to trade on the New York Stock Exchange, Blackstone Group followed suit by
announcing their plans to raise $4 billion in an upcoming IPO. Along with Black
Stone other leading contenders among hedge funds expected by Wall Street to
announce plans for an IPO were Avenue Capital, Perry Capital and the Citadel
Investment Group. Each of these firms control more than $10 billion in assets and
Avenue Capital and Perry Capital have recently diversified into private equity and
real estate, providing the growth profile prized by public investors.
Avenue Capital's founder Marc Lasry has been open about his intentions to take the
company public. A distressed-investment specialist, Lasry is best known for making
a killing in Asian markets following the debt crisis of the late 1990s. Last year the
$12 billion hedge fund sold a 20 percent stake to Morgan Stanley, a move the
banker described as the "first step before going to an IPO".
Perry Capital, which runs $11 billion in assets, was another likely candidate,
according to investment banking and hedge fund sources. While the fund once
played its cards close to the vest, founder Richard Perry has recently been involved
in several high-profile deals - backing Hollywood moguls Harvey and Bob Weinstein
in their new movie studio and helping finance the takeover of English soccer club
Manchester United by Tampa Bay Buccaneers owner Malcolm Glazer.
Citadel, the $13 billion Chicago-based hedge fund led by 38-year-old Ken Griffin.
Last year Citadel became the first hedge fund to issue publicly traded bonds,
proving its ability to withstand investor scrutiny.
D. Outlook for Management Companies, Advisor Companies, & Partnership
The outlook for the Management Companies was dependent upon the performance
of the underlying funds and their respective management companies. Fund III was
in dissolution at the Valuation Date and Fund IV was preparing to liquidate its
remaining assets. The remaining funds are in the investment process and therefore,
the capital under management is projected to increase going forward.
The Partnership's outlook was dependent on that of that Management Companies'
and thus mirrors that of the underlying funds. At the Valuation Date, AMHLP
was close to securing a $1.0 billion credit facility. The proceeds of the loan,
which will be denominated in Euros or dollars, would be used primarily to pay
dividends to the partners of AMHLP and would be secured by the assets of the
Management Companies. The interest rate of the Eurodollar loans will be the daily
Eurodollar rate plus the applicable margin rate of 1.5%. The interest rate on the
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ABR term loans, for any day, will be the greater of (a) the prime rate in effect on
such day or (b) the federal funds effective rate in effect on such day plus one-half
of 1% and the applicable margin rate of 0.5%.
Valuation of Management Companies, Advisor Companies, &
AMHLP
The purpose of the valuation section is to incorporate the information considered
and/or presented previously into a quantitative representation, thus assigning a value
to the ownership privileges of the closely-held entity. The valuation methodology
reflects the analyst's expectation of how free and open capital markets would assign
value to the economic activities of the business asset under analysis.
A. Valuation Methodologies
There are a number of generally accepted methods in use for valuing a closely-held
business asset, none of which is necessarily superior to the others. It is more a
question as to which of the methods or combination of methods is best suited to
the business, industry, and economic circumstances of the particular company being
appraised at a specific valuation date. The purpose of the engagement and the
percentage of equity being valued are additional factors to be considered when
selecting a valuation method.
The following discussion summarizes the most generally accepted valuation methods.
Capitalization of Income Method: The capitalization of income method utilizes
historical results to determine the value of a company's owners' capital. An
income base is first derived, and then divided (i.e., capitalized) by a separately
computed required rate of return, or capitalization ("cap") rate. The income base
can be defined variously as a company's adjusted earnings, cash flows, or
dividends. For the cap rate to be appropriate, it must correspond to the specific
inputs used in developing the income base.
Generally, this method is considered a reasonable one to use in valuing a going
concern. However, its application weakens when a company's historical income,
even when adjusted, is not considered to be a good proxy for that expected in the
future.
Since many of the Management Companies' and Advisor Companies' historical cash
flows are not a good proxy for future cash flows, and several of them are very
new or just being formed, this methodology was not employed in valuing the
Management Companies and Advisor Companies. Further, AMHLP itself was only
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recently formed and did not have a long history. Therefore, this methodology was
not employed in valuing a limited partnership interest in AMHLP.
Guideline Company Method: The objective of the guideline company valuation
technique is to identify business entities that have publicly traded securities, and
business and financial risks which are comparable to those of the entity being
valued. The pricing multiples of the selected public companies are then used to
derive a market value for the company under analysis.
This methodology was not applied in valuing the Management Companies for a
number of reasons including the facts that certain entities did not receive carried
interest profits from their funds (an important income source), and many of these
entities were significantly different in expected life and size relative to the publicly-
traded companies identified. However, betas for companies in similar lines of
business were used to derive the required rate of return for limited partnership
interests in the Management Companies and Advisor Companies and this
methodology was used as a reasonableness test for some of the Management
Companies where sufficiently similar companies were identified. This methodology
was not applied directly in valuing the Partnership in aggregate for the reasons
above. Further, this method was used as a reasonableness test for some of the
Management Companies.
Guideline Transaction Method: Similar to the guideline company method, the
objective of the guideline transaction valuation technique is to identify firms that
have been acquired, and that have business and financial risks that are comparable
to those of the subject company. The pricing multiples implied by the selected
transactions are then used to derive a market value for the capital of the company
under analysis.
Using several transaction databases, a search was conducted for acquisitions of
companies similar to the Management Companies, the Advisor Companies, and the
Partnership; however, none were found that were appropriate to use in a guideline
transaction approach. Also, it should be noted that the interests in question are
minority, limited partnership interests that do not have the ability to sell either the
Management Companies, Advisor Companies, the Partnership, or their assets in
aggregate, while the multiples derived from the databases are on a controlling
interest basis and often incorporate synergies expected by the buyer. Therefore,
this methodology was not applied in valuing limited partnership interests in the
Management Companies, Advisor Companies, or AMHLP.
Discounted Future Income Method: The discounted future income method can use
cash flows or earnings ("DFE") as a basis to forecast the income which the
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Page 30
business will generate. Thereafter, an aggregate present value is calculated for the
future cash flows using a required rate of return known as the discount rate. The
strength of this method is that it facilitates the analysis of operational practices and
their impact upon the business' value. Its weakness, however, is that it relies
heavily upon projections of cash flows or net income which, for some firms, are
difficult to make with any accuracy.
Management provided earnings projections for each of the underlying fund
companies and advisors. As such, the DFE methodology was used to value limited
partnership interests in the underlying management companies and advisors as of the
Valuation Date. However, the DFE method was not used to value the Partnership
since it was primarily a holding entity, the value of which is reflected in the value
of its underlying assets.
Net Asset Value Method: NAV is a method that focuses primarily on the balance
sheet. It requires restatement of the company's assets and liabilities in order to
reflect their market values. Application of this method is most useful in
determining a fully marketable controlling interest (i.e., enterprise) value. However,
the method's relevance generally weakens when valuing a minority or other
ownership interest in a going concern which lacks the right to liquidate assets or
sell the business. Exceptions are when liquidation of the business is considered
highly probable, when the realizable value of its assets equals, or exceeds, the
value of its distributions to its owners, or when the company's value is tied directly
to the value of its underlying investments.
Adjusted book value ("ABV") is a variant of NAV. It is usually used in the
valuation of holding companies whose main assets are publicly traded securities or
other investment assets such as real estate, notes receivable, partnership interests, or
equity investments in other business enterprises. ABV is distinguished from the
traditional NAV method in that it does not consider the transaction or liquidation
costs necessary to realize the cash value of the holding company's underlying assets.
This methodology was not applied in valuing the Management Companies and
Advisor Companies because the values of the Management Companies and Advisors
were derived from their earnings rather than their underlying assets.
AMHLP's value, however, its value is derived from the operations and income
from the underlying operating entities. Those Management Companies and Advisors
were valued, as discussed above. Therefore, the ABV methodology was used to
value a limited partnership interest in AMHLP.
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B. Outline of Valuation Process
A DFE analysis was conducted for each of the Management Companies and Advisor
Companies using projections provided by management and rates of return calculated
by Empire. The guideline company methodology provided some benchmarks for
aiding in the establishment of a rate of return, as well as a reasonableness test for
the Capital Markets Funds. A pass-through premium was considered due to the
fact that there are no income taxes at the Management Companies' and Advisor
Companies' level and a lack of marketability discount was applied. LBFH's
economic interest in AMHLP was then calculated. The economic interest in
AMHLP received by LBFH was then valued using an ABV analysis. Thereafter,
an incremental discount for lack of control and lack of marketability were applied
to arrive at the fair market value of LBFH's limited partnership interest in
AMHLP.
C. Discounted Future Earnings Analysis
Modern financial theory holds the value of any asset to be a function of several
interrelated factors:
• The stream of benefits the owner of the asset expects to receive;
• The timing of the receipt of these benefits; and
• The risk borne by the owner.
Thus, appraisal methodologies rely on the premise that the value of a business
enterprise is equal to the present value of the income that it can expect to generate
going forward. From an investor's standpoint, these future income streams
represent the dividend-paying (i.e., distribution-paying) capacity of the company or,
in the case of a leveraged company, monies available for all invested capital (i.e.,
interest-bearing debt plus owners' capital).
In order to complete a DFE analysis, it is necessary to develop an explicit forecast
for each Management Companies' and Advisor Companies' earnings together with a
required rate of return by which they can be discounted back to their present value.
Projected Future Earnings: Exhibits A-1 through A-13 shows the projections for
each of the Management Companies as they were provided to Empire by
management. Exhibits A-14 through A-16 shows the projections for each of the
Advisor Companies as they were provided to Empire by management.
The key assumptions for the inputs were:
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October 18, 2007
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Existing Funds
• Fund III was in dissolution and it was not forecast to collect any
management fees in 2007 or thereafter.
• Fund IV's adjusted invested capital was forecast to slowly decline until
termination of Fund IV in 2010.
• Fund V's adjusted invested capital was forecast to increase and reach a
peak of $1.7 billion in 2007 and then decline to zero by 2011.
• Fund VI's adjusted invested capital was forecast to reach a peak of $9.1
billion in 2009, then decline through 2011.
• AIM's adjusted invested capital was forecast to increase to $6.0 billion in
2011, then grow in line with its long-term growth rate.
• VIF's adjusted invested capital was forecast to increase to $894.5 million in
2011, then grow in line with its long-term growth rate.
• SVF's adjusted invested capital was forecast to increase to $3.6 billion in
2011, then grow in line with its long-term growth rate. SVFMLP collects
management fees from both SVF and SOMA. The SOMA Fund is a
managed account that invests in the same investments as SVF, but pays a
lower carried interest.
• SVF Advisors' carried interest and direct investment profit were calculated
as previously discussed.
• AAO's adjusted invested capital was forecast to increase to $622.1 million
in 2011, then grow in line with its long-term growth rate.
• Asia Advisors' carried interest and direct investment profit were calculated
as previously discussed.
• AEM's adjusted invested capital was forecast to increase to $2.7 billion in
2011, then grow in line with its long-term growth rate.
• AAA's adjusted invested capital was forecast to increase to $4.0 billion in
2011, then grow in line with its long-term growth rate.
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• The management fee was based upon the formulas outlined previously in
this report.
• Operating expenses were projected by management based upon historical and
current performance and expected winding down of the various funds in the
next few years. A 45% operating expense ratio is applied against carried
interest income as well because this expense represents a compensation
expense against fee income that is paid to approximately ten partners who
do not have a direct ownership interest in AMHLP. Since these amounts
have been historically paid before profits flow to AMHLP, the historical
financial statements of AMHLP do not show this specific compensation
expense. Given that the carry income in management's projections is
before this compensation expense, Empire has included it as operating
expenses, to more closely align with the economic reality of the cash flows.
Goodwill
When individual operating entities are combined into a single larger entity that is
expected to grow based on various factors including the knowledge and experience
of key people, their overall reputations, and their ability to develop new businesses
within the larger entity, a form of "going-concern" value is created. This is
frequently referred to as "goodwill" where this going-concern value has existed for
some period of time.
As the individual entities related to the management companies are combined into
AMHLP, this newly created going-concern/goodwill value needs to be accounted
for. This value, in effect, is a result of the key partners' experiences and abilities
to drive the growth of the business via their creative and business efforts. In
essence, these partners, by committing to remain with, run and develop the business
over time, are contributing this going-concern/goodwill component to AMHLP.
Without them, this value would likely be significantly diminished.
Included in the projections provided by management were various future/to-be-
created funds on both the private equity and capital markets sides of the business.
It was concluded that the more near-term future fund projections reasonably
represented the bulk of the likely going-concern/goodwill values attributable to
AMHLP as a consolidated entity. The private equity funds slated for startup in
2011 and later were, however, concluded to be too speculative given the state of
the structure of the company currently, the market risks related to such fund
projections, and other factors to be included in this analysis.
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Page 34
It was also concluded that the value of this going-concern/goodwill value was
primarily the result of the contribution of the services of the three primary partners
to the entity.
Therefore, the analysis reflects both the valuation of these future earnings and the
allocation of those values to Mr. Black in amounts considered reasonably consistent
with his interests in similar underlying existing funds.
Several funds valued fall into this category: Fund VII, EPF, and New Funds and
its respective Advisors were not formed at the Valuation Date. However, LB and
the other partners expected to form them in the near future and, therefore, they
were considered contributed goodwill by them. With regards to each of these
goodwill entities:
• Fund VII's adjusted invested capital was forecast to reach a peak of $15.2
million in 2011, then decline through 2016.
• Fund VII Advisors' carried interest and direct investment profit were
calculated as previously discussed.
• EPF was projected to start up in 2007 and invested capital was forecast to
increase to $3.7 billion in 2011, then grow in line with its long-term
growth rate.
• EPF Advisors' carried interest and direct investment profit were calculated
as previously discussed.
• New Fund was projected to start up in 2008 and invested capital was
forecast to increase to $3.1 billion in 2011, then grow in line with its
long-term growth rate.
• New Fund Advisors' carried interest and direct investment profit were
calculated as previously discussed.
• The management fee was based upon the formulas outlined previously in
this report.
• Operating expenses were projected by management based upon historical and
current performance and expected winding down of the various funds in the
next few years. A 45% operating expense ratio is applied against carried
interest income as well because this expense represents a compensation
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Page 35
expense against fee income that is paid to approximately ten partners who
do not have a direct ownership interest in AMHLP. Since these amounts
have been historically paid before profits flow to AMHLP, the historical
financial statements of AMHLP do not show this specific compensation
expense. Given that the carry income in management's projections is
before this compensation expense, Empire has included it as an operating
expense, to more closely align with the economic reality of the cash flows.
After subtracting operating expenses, pre-tax income for the various Management
Companies and Advisor Companies was then tax-affected at a 42% rate. A
discussion of the income tax variable is presented in the Valuation section of this
report, in conjunction with an argument for a pass-through premium.
Derivation of the Required Rate of Return: The discount rate selected represents
the required rate of return that an investor would demand at a point in time in
order to invest in each of the Management Companies. The selected rates would
need to account for the inherent risks associated with the Management Companies
and Advisor Companies.
Weighted Average Cost of Capital: The discount rate, or the rate of return that
investors require, incorporates the following elements:
• A "risk-free rate," which generally is the rate available on instruments
considered to have no default risk, such as U.S. Treasuries. The risk-free
rate compensates the investor for renting out their money and for the
expected loss of purchasing power (inflation) during the holding period.
• A premium for risk, which incorporates the degree of uncertainty as to the
realization of the expected return. The risk premium includes: (1) systematic
risk related to the movements in returns on the investment market in general;
and (2) unsystematic risk, which is risk specific to the subject investment.
• A company's cost of debt.
• A company's capital structure, i.e. the percentage of total invested capital
that is debt and equity.
This discount rate, or weighted average cost of capital ("WACC"), reflects current
rates of return seen in the public capital markets plus a number of company- and
industry-specific factors. Two benchmarks have been developed to assist in
selection of the discount rate for the Management Companies and Advisor
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Page 36
Companies. These benchmarks are the build-up and Capital Asset Pricing Model
("CAPM") methods.
In order to determine an appropriate required rate of return, i.e. discount rate, for
the Management Companies and the Advisor Companies, return information from
Ibbotson and general market rates of return were considered.
Cost of Equity: The two benchmark methods were reviewed separately in order to
derive the Partnership's cost of equity.
Build-Up Method: The expected equity discount rate to be derived for an entity
represents the required rate of return that an investor would demand at a point in
time in order to hold its equity. This expected equity discount rate incorporates an
expected equity risk premium, which can be defined as the additional return an
investor expects to receive to compensate for the additional risk associated with
investing in equities as opposed to investing in riskless assets.
The expected equity risk premium is an essential component of most cost of equity
estimation models, including the CAPM and build-up approach. It is important to
note that the expected equity risk premium, as used in standard valuation models, is
a forward looking concept, i.e., it should reflect the best estimate of what investors
think the equity risk premium will be going forward. Unfortunately, the expected
equity risk premium is not directly observable in the market, but must be estimated
by analyzing and adjusting historical equity return data. [See Stocks, Bonds, Bills
and Inflation, Chapter Five, Ibbotson Associates]
Ibbotson Associates ("Ibbotson") analyzes and presents historical annual equity rate
of return data.' Ibbotson considers historical equity returns and long term trends in
price/earnings ("PIE") ratios. The expected equity risk premium should also
consider the impact of investment horizon on realized equity premiums; specifically
the arithmetic mean of multi-year holding periods differs from and is lower than the
arithmetic mean of one-year holding periods based upon historical equity returns.
According to Ibbotson's studies, the expected return of the market (specifically the
S&P 500) in excess of the risk-free rate (the equity risk premium) based on a study
of actual returns of one-year holding periods from January 1926 to December 2005,
is 6.36%s. Given the aforementioned data and other analysis, Empire has selected
a 6.0% expected equity risk premium as appropriate as of the Valuation Date.
6 Stocks, Bonds, Bills and Inflation: Valuation Edition 2006 Yearbook, Ibbotson Associates, 2006,
Chicago, Illinois.
7 !bid.
8 !bid, Supply Side Equity Risk Premium, Table 5-6, page 98.
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Ibbotson also identifies a mid-company premium based on a market value-weighted
index of mid-capitalization stocks (non-beta adjusted) which trade on the NYSE, the
AMEX and the NASDAQ. This latter 1.03% premium recognizes that equity
holders demand higher returns from companies that are riskier by virtue of their
smaller revenue base and capitalization. As of December 2005, Ibbotson identified
mid-capitalization stocks as stocks of companies with market capitalizations of up to
$4.1 billion (decile 4 of a size-weighted portfolio of NYSE, AMEX and NASDAQ
publicly traded companies)°. A mid-capitalization premium was used because we
are valuing AMHLP as a whole. Since the risk-free rate (using twenty-year
Treasuries as a proxy) was 4.98% at the Valuation Date, the total required return
for mid-capitalization companies was 12.01%. Please see Exhibit B-1.
CAPM: As noted, the Management Companies and Advisor Companies' cost of
equity estimate has also been developed with the CAPM. The CAPM is a model
that is commonly used to obtain discount rates for valuation purposes. The basic
logic of the CAPM model is that a project's risk premium is determined by the
sensitivity of its cash flows to changes in aggregate wealth ("systematic risk,"
measured by Beta). This model has been one of the primary underpinnings of
applied work in finance due to its simple, intuitive logic and ease of application.
The model used to develop our estimates of cost of equity is as follows:
Ke = Rp ((seta) + Ru.
Where:
Re Cost of Equity
Rf Risk free rate of return
Rp Market Risk Premium
= Mid-Sized Company Risk Premium
(seta Sensitivity of the security to changes in the
market
The cost of equity, Kg was identified based upon publicly available information.
Betas of a group of selected U.S.-traded guideline companies were obtained from
the Bloomberg Network. These firms are in similar lines of business to those of
the Management Companies. Since we are measuring the management fee income
portion of the business, we selected companies that earn much of their fees from
management rather than management and carry income. Brief descriptions of these
companies are provided in Exhibit B-2. The betas were first unlevered based upon
9 HAW, Chapter Seven, Table 7-3, page 133.
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Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 38
the respective firms' capital structures, then relevered based upon the Management
Companies and Advisor Companies' expected long-term debt-to-equity ratio. The
debt-to-equity ratio utilized for the Management Companies and Advisor Companies
was 20% debt to 80% equity and was based upon the range of debt-to-equity ratios
of the public companies. Please see Exhibits B-3 and B-4.
The resulting cost of equity of 11.51% is based upon a (unlevered) selected beta
factor of 0.80 and capital structure of 20% debt and 80% equity for the
Management Companies and 10.81% for the Advisor Companies is based upon an
unlevered selected beta factor of 0.80 and a capital structure of 0% debt and 100%
equity. Please see Exhibits B-5 and B-6. The 15% debt and 85% equity capital
structure was selected despite the Management Companies efforts to secure
additional financing for reasons which include, but are not limited to the following
factors: (1) the additional debt is related to specific dividends that will be paid and
therefore does not have a major impact on the business; (2) debt will likely be
repaid within several years and is not a long-term change to capital structure; and
(3) the sample of companies used to calculate the beta had low leverage levels,
indicating there was not a lot of room in the market for additional leverage. The
Advisor Companies 0% debt and 100% equity capital structure was selected because
the Advisor Companies are not obligated to repay the debt that will be borrowed.
Derived Base Cost of Equity: Taking all of these factors into account, the base
cost of equity selected for the Management Companies is as follows.
Table III
Management Companies Equity Discount Rate
Method Equity Rat71
Build-Up 12.01%
CAPM 11.51%
Selected Base Equity Rate 11.80%
Derived Base Cost of Equity: Taking all of these factors into account, the base
cost of equity selected for the Advisor Companies is as follows.
Table IV
Advisor Companies Equity Discount Rate
r
Method Equity Rate
Build-Up 12.01%
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CAPM 10.81%
Selected Base Equity Rate 12.00%
The difference in the concluded base equity rate for Advisor Companies is attributed
to a debt to equity structure of 0% debt and 100% equity.
Market Indices and Benchmarks: Rates of return observed in the broader market
were reviewed and considered. These rates are shown in Table V below.
Table V
Summary of Required Rates of Return
Required Rate
Source
of Return
20-year U.S. Treasury Rate (risk-free rate)10 4.98%
Prime Rate" 8.25%
Large Cap Stocks'2 10.98%
Small Cap Stocks" 17.34%
Company/Industry Specific Risk Adjustments: In order to reflect each Management
Company's specific industry and partnership risks, an additional risk adjustment
must be considered for application to the equity discount rate of 11.80% as
discussed above. This adjustment considers, among other factors:
10 Federal Reserve Statistical Release H.15.
" Ibid.
12 Stocks, Bonds, Bills and Inflation: Valuation Edition 2006 Yearbook, Ibbotson Associates, 2006,
Chicago, Illinois. For large capitalization stocks the calculation is a sum of the risk-free rate
and the expected returns of 6.0% realized on large capitalization stocks over the risk-free rate.
Small capitalization stocks, which are riskier by virtue of their smaller revenue and income base
and capitalization, have returned an additional 6.36% above the return witnessed for large
capitalization stocks.
II Ibid.
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Table VI
Management Companies' Adjustment Factors
Attribute• AMU! AMIV AMV AMV1 AMV11 AIM VIE ASVE AAM AEM AAA EYE NE
Fund is in X
liquidation
Ability to
exit X X x X X X X X X X X X X
investments
Reliance on N N
N X X X X x X x x X N
key personnel
Restrictions
N N x X X x X X X x x x N
on liquidation
Timing of N X N X X N x x X x x x x
liquidations
Smaller
X X N N X X X x X X X
Capitalization
Currency
N x x N x X X x N
Risk
Concentration
in Middle N N N N N
Markets
High
Projected x x x x x
Growth Rate
of AUM
Net Risk t.0% 0.0% -2.0% -2.0% -1.0% -0.2% -1.0% -1.0% 0.0% 2.8% 3.0% 3.0% 5.0%
Adjustment
Concluded
Equity Risk 12.8% 11.8% 9.8% 9.8% 10.8% 11.6% 10.8% 10.8% 11.8% 14.6% t4.8% t4.8% 16.8%
Rate
*for presen ation purposes, "LP" has been omitted from the Management Conymn'es' name.
Company/Industry Specific Risk Adjustments: In order to reflect each Advisor
Company's specific industry and partnership risks, an additional risk adjustment
must be considered for application to the equity discount rate of 12.00% as
discussed above. This adjustment considers, among other factors:
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Table VII
Advisor Companies' Adjustment Factors
Attribute" Asia SVF EPF NF
Fund
VII
Fund is in
liquidation
Ability to
exit x x X X X
investments
Reliance on
x x X x X
key personnel
Restrictions
x x x x x
on liquidation
Timing of
X X X X X
liquidations
Smaller
Capitalization
Currency
x x x x
Risk
Concentration
in Middle
Markets
High
Projected
x x
Growth Rate
of AUM
Net Risk
5 W."; 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% 10.0%
Adjustment
Concluded
Equity Risk 17.0% 17.0% t8.0% t9.0% 22.0%
Rate,
Rounded
*for presentation purposes, "Advisor" has been omitted from the Advisor Companies' name.
Cost of Debt: Table VIII presents market-based yields by credit rating as of the
Valuation Date.
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Table VIII
Market Ratings and Yields
As of April 16, 2007
Rating" Yield
AAA 5.47%
AA 5.57%
A 5.75%
BBB 6.39%
BB 6.77%
B 7.50%
CCC 9.38%
CC 23.51%
Based on a number of factors including but not limited to: (1) a survey of market
yields; (2) the nature and history of the Management Companies and Advisor
Companies; (3) the expected near-term cost of debt related to the upcoming loan;
and (4) the Management Companies and Advisor Companies' asset base upon which
to borrow against, a pre-tax cost of debt of 8.0% was selected as reasonable for
the Management Companies and Advisor Companies as of the Valuation Date.
Therefore, based on a tax rate of 42%, the after tax cost of debt was 4.6% (0.08
x [1 - 0.42]).
Concluded Discount Rate: Additionally, market participants were reviewed in
order to develop a WACC-based discount rate for the Management Companies and
Advisor Companies. Development of a WACC requires that the cost of debt and
the cost of equity for the company be derived separately. These costs are then
weighted in proportion to the market value of each component of the entity's capital
structure.
The WACC, i.e. discount rate, for the management companies was calculated by
using the required rates of return derived for the management companies cost of
equity, as derived above, and (after-tax) debt, of 4.6%, weighted by its capital
structure. Again, the selected capital structure for the Management Companies and
was 15% debt to 85% equity and 0% debt and 100% equity for the Advisor
Companies. As shown in Exhibits B-7 through B-24, the Management Companies
and Advisors Companies' WACC calculated to be as shown in Table IX on the
following page.
14 Standard & Poor's credit rating scale.
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Table IX
WACC
Management /
WACC, Rounded
Advisor Companies
AMIIILP 11.0%
AMIVLP 10.0%
AMVLP 9.0%
AMVILP 9.0%
AMVIILP 10.0%
AIM 10.0%
VIFMLP 10.0%
ASVFMLP 10.0%
AAMLP 10.0%
AEMLP 13.0%
AAALP 13.0%
EPFLP 13.0%
NFMLP 14.0%
Asia Advisor 17.0%
SVF Advisor 17.0%
Fund VII Advisor 18.0%
EPF Advisor 19.0%
New Fund Advisor 22.0%
Summary: The earnings derived from the detailed projections were discounted to
their present value as of the Valuation Date for each of the Management Companies
and Advisor Companies as detailed on the following page.
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Table X
Aggregate Sum of Present Values for
Man gement companies aim Aavisor tom anies
Management Companies Aggregate Value
AMIIILP $0
AMIVLP $2,668,522
AMVLP $10,449,679
AMVILP $165,964,329
AIM $847,787,711
VIFMLP $53,743,677
ASVFMLP $242,317,463
SVF Advisor $108,464,023
AAMLP $38,299,877
Asia Advisor $27,449,507
AEMLP $404,538,079
AAALP $285,367,304
Subtotal Existing Funds $2,187,050,171
AMVIILP $332,858,210
AEPFLP $26,792,516
NFMLP $108,415,526
Fund VII Advisor $439,504,477
EPF Advisor $24,176,288
New Fund Advisor $83,103,280
Subtotal Goodwill $1.014.850,297
See Exhibits A-1 through A-18 for more details.
D. Pass-Through Premium
As previously stated, each of the Management Companies is a limited partnership
for federal, state, and local income tax purposes. As such, the absence of taxes at
the Partnership level is a consideration in the valuation of its capital. Thus far in
this report, a fully marketable, minority interest, "C" corporation ("C-Corp")
equivalent value has been derived. In this section of the report a specific pass-
through adjustment is calculated for each Management Company and Advisor
Company. Based on the analysis of each Management Company and Advisor
Company, as outlined in this report, a pass-through adjustment was deemed
appropriate.
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Calculation of Pass-Through Adjustment: It is Empire's opinion that the
appropriate way to account for a partnership's lack of tax at the partnership level
is to, first, value it as a C-Corp and then make a separate, quantifiable pass-
through adjustment to derive fair market value. This method starts with the tax
affecting of the partnership's earnings at a C-Corp equivalent rate, which allows the
value derived from the income approach to be consistent with the required rate of
return derived from publicly traded companies (i.e., both on an after-tax basis).
The maximum pass-through adjustment can be represented by the equation 1 + (1 -
tax rate) - 1, where the tax rate represents the dividend tax rate. It should be
noted that the Management Companies' income is comprised primarily of
management fee income which is taxed as regular income. The highest personal
federal tax rate was 35% as of the Valuation Date. According to management,
partners in this Partnership were generally paying personal taxes on this income at
an approximate rate at full federal, state and local blended rate of 42%. This
implies a 7% premium over the maximum 35% federal rate for the blended state
and local taxes.
Relative to a C-Corp, partnership distributions would not be subject to the dividend
distribution taxes that a C-Corp shareholder would pay. Therefore, the resulting
savings can be calculated as shown. Under the tax code applicable as of the
Valuation Date, the dividend tax rate was 15% at the federal level. In New York
State the highest individual tax rate is 6.85%. However, because there is a credit
on federal income taxes for any state income tax paid, the effective state rate
becomes 4.45% (6.85% x [1 - 35%]). Similarly, in New York City the highest
individual tax rate is 3.65%. However, because there is a credit on federal income
taxes for any local income tax paid, the effective local rate becomes 2.37% (3.65%
x [1 - 35%]). Adding the federal rate of 15.0% to the effective state and local
rates of 4.45% and 2.37% results in a maximum pass-through adjustment of 22%,
rounded.
This calculation contains certain simplifying assumptions. As such, certain
characteristics may not be captured by this formula alone due to these simplifying
assumptions. To the extent that any characteristics have not been accounted for
directly in the formula they have been accounted for in the pass-through adjustment
selected. Finally, it is important to note that all of the variables used in this
valuation process are interdependent (i.e., if one variable is changed, then each of
the other variables may need to be modified to reach a reasonable valuation
conclusion). For a further discussion of this formula and its underlying
assumptions, please see Addendum 4.
EFTA00608435
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 46
Pass-Through Entity Factors: When concluding an applicable pass-through
adjustment, there are several specific factors that must be considered. These factors
include, but are not limited to: (1) the level of value (control or minority); (2)
limitations imposed by a limited partnership agreement concerning the ability of its
partners to dissolve or withdraw from the partnership; and (3) the level of
distributions compared to the partners' tax liability. The background on each of
these factors is discussed in detail in Addendum 4.
Table XI
Pass-Through Premium Factors
Concluded Pass-
Management Level of
Agreement Distributions Through Premium
Company Value
Adjustment
Fund III is liquidating
and could not be
expected to continue
historical dividend policy.
Further, AMH was
There is limited
expected to take on SI
likelihood that the entity
billion in debt service
would lose its pass-
responsibilities. This
through status unless it
will require a reduction
Minority - was sold to a publicly
in distributions to the
.AMIIILP Adjustment is traded C-corporation or N/A
partners, whether there is
warranted the tax laws were
profit or not. The
changed regarding these
partnership's GP may
types of entities, which
also elect not to
is unlikely. Lower
distribute income even
adjustment is warranted.
when it has such income,
resulting in the same
issue described above.
Lower adjustment is
warranted.
Fund IV is close to
There is limited liquidating and could not
likelihood that the entity be expected to continue
would lose its pass- historical dividend policy.
through status unless it Further, AMH was
Minority - was sold to a publicly expected to take on $I
ANIIVLP Adjustment is traded C-corporation or billion in debt service 15 ir,
warranted the tax laws were responsibilities. This
changed regarding these will require a reduction
types of entities, which in distributions to the
is unlikely. Lower partners, whether there is
adjustment is warranted. profit or not. The
partnership's GP may
EFTA00608436
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 47
Concluded Pass-
Management Level of
Agreement Distributions Through Premium
Company Value
Adjustment
also elect not to
distribute income even
when it has such income,
resulting in the same
issue described above.
Lower adjustment is
warranted.
Fund V has paid
dividends in the past.
Further, AMH was
expected to take on $I
There is limited
billion in debt service
likelihood that the entity
responsibilities. This
would lose its pass-
will require a reduction
through status unless it
Minority - was sold to a publicly in distributions to the
Adjustment is traded C-corporation or Partners,
p whether there is
150',(
profit or not. The
warranted the tax laws were
partnership's GP may
changed regarding these
also elect not to
types of entities, which
distribute income even
is unlikely. Lower
when it has such income,
adjustment is warranted.
resulting in the same
issue described above.
Lower adjustment is
warranted.
Fund VI paid dividends
which were not sufficient
to cover tax liabilities.
Further, AMH was
There is limited expected to take on $I
likelihood that the entity billion in debt service
would lose its pass- responsibilities. This
through status unless it will require a reduction
Minority - was sold to a publicly in distributions to the
AMVILP Adjustment is traded C-corporation or partners, whether there is 15.0%
warranted the tax laws were profit or not. The
changed regarding these partnership's GP may
types of entities, which also elect not to
is unlikely. Lower distribute income even
adjustment is warranted. when it has such income,
resulting in the same
issue described above.
Lower adjustment is
warranted.
AMVIILP Minority - There is limited Fund VII was recently 15.0%
EFTA00608437
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 48
Concluded Pass-
Management Level of
Agreement Distributions Through Premium
Company Value
Adjustment
Adjustment is likelihood that the entity formed and it was
warranted would lose its pass- unknown when it will
through status unless it have cash flow available
was sold to a publicly for distribution. Lower
traded C-corporation or adjustment is warranted.
the tax laws were
changed regarding these
types of entities, which
is unlikely. Lower
adjustment is warranted.
AINV has a history of
making distributions that
were more than sufficient
for tax liabilities.
However, AMH was
There is limited expected to take on $I
likelihood that the entity billion in debt service
would lose its pass- responsibilities. This
through status unless it will require a reduction
Minority - was sold to a publicly in distributions to the
\ IN1LP Adjustment is traded C-corporation or partners, whether there is 20.0%
warranted the tax laws were profit or not. The
changed regarding these partnership's GP may
types of entities, which also elect not to
is unlikely. Lower distribute income even
adjustment is warranted. when it has such income,
resulting in the same
issue described above.
Given the history of
distributions, a higher
adjustment is warranted.
VIF has a history of
making distributions that
There is limited were more than sufficient
likelihood that the entity for tax liabilities.
would lose its pass- However, AMH was
through status unless it expected to take on $I
Minority - was sold to a publicly billion in debt service
Adjustment is traded C-corporation or responsibilities. This , i) Jr,
warranted the tax laws were will require a reduction
changed regarding these in distributions to the
types of entities, which partners, whether there is
is unlikely. Lower profit or not. The
adjustment is warranted. partnership's GP may
also elect not to
distribute income even
-
EFTA00608438
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 49
Concluded Pass-
Management Level of
Agreement Distributions Through Premium
Company Value
Adjustment
when it has such income,
resulting in the same
issue described above.
Given the history of
distributions, a higher
adjustment is warranted.
SVF paid dividends
which were not sufficient
to cover tax liabilities.
Further, AMH was
There is limited expected to take on $1
likelihood that the entity billion in debt service
would lose its pass- responsibilities. This
through status unless it will require a reduction
Minority - was sold to a publicly in distributions to the
ASVFMLP Adjustment is traded C-corporation or partners, whether there is 15.0%
warranted the tax laws were profit or not. The
changed regarding these partnership's GP may
types of entities, which also elect not to
is unlikely. Lower distribute income even
adjustment is warranted. when it has such income,
resulting in the same
issue described above.
Lower adjustment is
warranted.
There is limited
likelihood that the entity
would lose its pass-
through status unless it SVF paid dividends
Minority - was sold to a publicly which were not sufficient
,, \ 1: Advisor Adjustment is traded C-corporation or to cover tax liabilities. 15.0%
warranted the tax laws were Lower adjustment is
changed regarding these warranted.
types of entities, which
is unlikely. Lower
adjustment is warranted.
There is limited AAO did not pay
likelihood that the entity distributions in 2006 and
would lose its pass- it is not known when it
Minority - through status unless it will have cash available
AANILP Adjustment is was sold to a publicly for distribution. Further, 15.0%
warranted traded C-corporation or AMH was expected to
the tax laws were take on $1 billion in
changed regarding these debt service
types of entities, which responsibilities. This
EFTA00608439
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 50
Concluded Pass-
Management Level of
Agreement Distributions Through Premium
Company Value
Adjustment
is unlikely. Lower will require a reduction
adjustment is warranted. in distributions to the
partners, whether there is
profit or not. The
partnership's GP may
also elect not to
distribute income even
when it has such income,
resulting in the same
issue described above.
Lower adjustment is
warranted.
AAO did not pay
distributions in 2006 and
it is not known when it
will have cash available
for distribution. Further,
There is limited AMH was expected to
likelihood that the entity take on $1 billion in
would lose its pass- debt service
through status unless it responsibilities. This
Minority - was sold to a publicly will require a reduction
.\,,, Advisors Adjustment is traded C-corporation or in distributions to the 15.1)';
warranted the tax laws were partners, whether there is
changed regarding these profit or not. The
types of entities, which partnership's GP may
is unlikely. Lower also elect not to
adjustment is warranted. distribute income even
when it has such income,
resulting in the same
issue described above.
Lower adjustment is
warranted.
AEM paid dividends
There is limited which were not sufficient
likelihood that the entity to cover tax liabilities.
would lose its pass- Further, AMH was
through status unless it expected to take on SI
Minority - was sold to a publicly billion in debt service
. \ FAILP Adjustment is traded C-corporation or responsibilities. This 15 ir,
warranted the tax laws were will require a reduction
changed regarding these in distributions to the
types of entities, which partners, whether there is
is unlikely. Lower profit or not. The
adjustment is warranted. partnership's GP may
_ also elect not to
EFTA00608440
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 51
Concluded Pass-
Management Level of
Agreement Distributions Through Premium
Company Value
Adjustment
distribute income even
when it has such income,
resulting in the same
issue described above.
Lower adjustment is
warranted.
AAA did not pay
distributions in 2006 and
it is not known when it
will have cash available
for distribution. Further,
AMH was expected to
take on $1 billion in
debt service
responsibilities. This
Minority - LP can transfer without
will require a reduction
consent from other
.\ AALP Adjustment is in distributions to the 20.0%
warranted partners. Higher
partners, whether there is
adjustment is warranted.
profit or not. The
partnership's GP may
also elect not to
distribute income even
when it has such income,
resulting in the same
issue described above.
Lower adjustment is
warranted.
Restrictions on transfer EPF has not yet been
Minority - unknown as of the formed and it was
Akti'l,P Adjustment is Valuation Date, but it unknown when it will
15 0';
warranted is likely it will be have cash flow available
similar to other Apollo for distribution. Lower
funds. adjustment is warranted.
Restrictions on transfer New Fund has not yet
Minority - unknown as of the been formed and it was
NFMLP Adjustment is Valuation Date, but it unknown when it will
15.0%
warranted is likely it will be have cash flow available
similar to other Apollo for distribution. Lower
funds. adjustment is warranted.
Restrictions on transfer Fund VII was recently
Minority - unknown as of the formed and it was
Fund VII Adjustment is Valuation Date, but it unknown when it will
15.0%
Advisor warranted is likely it will be have cash flow available
similar to other Apollo for distribution. Lower
funds. adjustment is warranted.
EFTA00608441
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 52
Concluded Pass-
Management Level of
Agreement Distributions Through Premium
Company Value
Adjustment
Restrictions on transfer EPF has not yet been
Minority - unknown as of the formed and it was
Valuation Date, but it unknown when it will 15 ir;
EPF Advisor Adjustment is
warranted is likely it will be have cash flow available
similar to other Apollo for distribution. Lower
funds. adjustment is warranted.
Restrictions on transfer New Fund has not yet
Minority - unknown as of the been formed and it was
New Fund Adjustment is Valuation Date, but it unknown when it will
15.0%
Advisor warranted is likely it will be have cash flow available
similar to other Apollo for distribution. Lower
funds. adjustment is warranted.
Conclusion of Pass-Through Adjustment: Taking all of the factors above into
consideration, it was determined that an adjustment below the maximum is
warranted. Therefore, a reduction in the pass-through adjustment to the concluded
rates above was deemed appropriate.
Applying a pass-through adjustment to the previously derived fully marketable
minority interest C-Corp equivalent value results in fully marketable minority interest
values for the Management Companies and Advisor Companies as shown in Table
XII below.
Table XII
Aggregate Fully Marketable Minority Interest Value
Aggregate Fully
Management / Advisor
Marketable Minority
Company
Interest Value
AMIIILP SO
AMIVLP $3,068,801
AMVLP $12,017,131
AMVILP $190,858,978
AIM $1,017,345,253
VIFMLP $64,492,412
ASVFMLP $278,665,082
SVF Advisors $124,733,627
AAMLP $44,044,859
Asia Advisors $31,566,933
AEMLP $465,218,791
EFTA00608442
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 53
AAALP $342,440,764
Subtotal Eristing Funds $2,574,452,630
AMVIILP $382,786,941
Fund VII Advisor $439,504,477
AEPFLP $30,811,394
EPF Advisor $27,802,732
NFMLP $124,677,855
New Fund Advisor $95,568,772
Subtotal Goodwill $1,101,152,171
Total $3,675,604,801
Again, please see Exhibits A-1 through A-18.
E. Lack of Marketability ("LOM")
By defmition, equity interests in closely-held business entities cannot be considered
as marketable as the equity interests of publicly traded companies.
A number of studies have compared private stock transactions (at the minority
interest level) for companies which subsequently went public as well as the
discounts applicable to the restricted stocks of public companies. These studies are
crucial to valuation theory because: (1) they present empirical proof that a lack of
marketability discount exists and is factored into determinations of value in the
public markets; and (2) they establish historic ranges for such discounts. The
results from the studies, which are summarized in Addendum 5 as an attachment to
this report, are consistent, i.e., mean or median lack of marketability discounts
typically fall between 25% and 45%. It follows reasonably that, if such lack of
marketability discounts can be demonstrated for privately held stock, then lack of
marketability discounts should apply equally to all types of closely-held business
forms.
In sum, investors reward liquidity. An investor owning equity in a public company
can, with relative assurance, sell quickly if he desires to do so and/or situations
develop which are not to his liking, and this capability substantially improves value.
An investor with ownership in a private company rarely enjoys such liquidity.
In assessing the discount for lack of marketability applicable to a limited partnership
interest in the Management Companies and Advisor Companies, a number of
specific factors were considered, including the following: (1) the impact of
distributions; (2) information access and reliability; (3) the potential of near-term
liquidation; and (4) any restrictions on transfer and withdrawal. In addition, a
EFTA00608443
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 54
closer look at the Restricted Stock Studies as they influence a decision for the
Management Companies and Advisor Companies was also made.
Table XIII
Attributes to Determine LOM Discount
Selected
Management /
Potential of Near-Term Restrictions on Transfer & Other Discount
Advisor
Liquidation Withdrawal Factors for
Company
LOM
Fund III was in dissolution as As discussed, the AMIIILP According to
of the Valuation Date. GP approval is necessary projections
Therefore, it was likely that before an LP may withdraw this fund has
AMIIILP will be dissolved unless AMIIILP is in no further
shortly after Fund III is dissolution. GP approval is value.
dissolved. also necessary for transfers of
AMIIILP
LP interests. At the
Valuation Date, Fund III was
in dissolution. Supports a
discount for LOM toward the
lower-to-middle end of the
range.
Fund IV was expected to be As discussed, the AMIVLP N/A
in dissolution by 2010. GP approval is necessary
Therefore, it was likely that before an LP may withdraw
AMIVLP will be dissolved unless AMIVLP is in
shortly after Fund IV is dissolution. GP approval is
dissolved. However, at the also necessary for transfers of
AMIVLP 10';
Valuation Date, it was likely LP interests. At the
that AMIVLP would receive Valuation Date, Fund IV was
distributions from a loan. preparing for dissolution.
These factors argue for a Supports a discount for LOKI
discount for LOM below the toward the lower-to-middle
established range. end of the range.
The probability that AMVLP Approval of the GP is N/A
would be sold prior to its necessary before an LP may
projection period would be withdraw unless AMVLP is
considered moderate to low. in dissolution. GP approval
Fund V was expected to be is also necessary for transfers
in dissolution by 2011. of LP interests. These
Therefore, it was likely that restrictions support a discount
AMVLP
AMVLP will be dissolved for lack of marketability
only after Fund V is toward the middle-to-upper
dissolved. Further, at the end of the range.
Valuation Date, it was likely
that AMVLP would receive
distributions from a loan.
These factors would argue for
EFTA00608444
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 55
Selected
Management /
Advisor Potential of Near-Term Restrictions on Transfer & Other Discount
Liquidation Withdrawal Factors for
Company
LOM
a discount for LOM below
the established range, but
higher than that applied to
AMIVLP.
That AMVILP would be sold Approval of the GP is
prior to its projection period necessary before an LP may
would be considered moderate withdraw unless AMVILP is
to low. However, at the in dissolution. GP approval
Valuation Date, it was likely is also necessary for transfers
that AMVLP would receive of LP interests. These
AMVILP 15'
distributions from a loan. restrictions support a discount
These factors would argue for for lack of marketability
a discount for LOM below toward the middle-to-upper
the established range, but end of the range.
higher than that applied to
AMIVLP.
The probability that At the Valuation Date, the Fund VII
AMVIILP would be sold fund documents had not been has not been
prior to its projection period completed. In valuing this launched.
would be considered moderate interest, management indicated The
to low. However, at the that the documents should be possibility
Valuation Date, it was likely similar to Fund VI. existed that
AMVIILP that AMVIILP would receive Therefore, based on Fund Fund VII 20',
distributions from a loan. VI restrictions, a discount for might not
This argues for a discount marketability toward the achieve
for LOM below the middle-to-upper end of the targets if the
established range, but higher range appeared reasonable. market
than that for AMVILP. worsens
significantly.
The probability that Fund VII At the Valuation Date, the Fund VII
would be sold prior to its fund documents had not been has not been
projection period would be completed. In valuing this launched.
considered moderate to low. interest, management indicated The
This argues for a discount that the documents should be possibility
for LOM below the similar to Fund VI. existed that
established range, but higher Therefore, based on Fund Fund VII
Fund VII
Advisor than that for AMVIILP. VI restrictions, a discount for might not 25'
marketability toward the achieve
middle-to-upper end of the targets if the
range appeared reasonable. market
worsens
significantly.
Further,
Fund VII
EFTA00608445
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 56
Selected
Management /
Potential of Near-Term Restrictions on Transfer & Other Discount
Advisor
Liquidation Withdrawal Factors for
Company
LOM
requires a
payment of
a preferred
return before
any
payments are
made to the
carried
interest,
increasing
the risk of
the cash
flows.
The chance of an LP The AIMLP Partnership The timing
recouping his investment Agreement is silent on of the cash
through liquidation was not withdrawal. As such, the flows is
considered to be high during Act specifies that withdrawal uncertain
the next several years. prior to dissolution is since a large
AIMLP can only liquidate forbidden. Events causing portion of
upon the occurrence of events dissolution under the Act the cash
specified in the Act. were deemed remote. flows
Generally, AIMLP was Further, all transfers of AIMLP
determined to have a partnership interests require receives will
perpetual life unless certain the consent of the GP. be from
actions occur. However, at These restrictions support a incentive
AIMLP 15';
the Valuation Date, it was discount for lack of fees, which
likely that AIMLP would marketability toward the are
receive distributions from a middle of the range. dependent on
loan. Taking all of these the
factors into account, the performance
likelihood of AIMLP's near- of the
term liquidation was not underlying
considered to be great, investments.
thereby arguing for a discount
for LOM below the
established range, but higher
than that for AMVILP.
The chance of an LP The VIFMLP Partnership The timing
recouping his investment Agreement is silent on of the cash
through liquidation was not withdrawal. As such, the flows is
considered to be high during Act specifies that withdrawal uncertain
VIFMLP 15-
the next fifteen years or so. prior to dissolution is since a large
VIFMLP can only be forbidden. Events causing portion of
liquidated upon the dissolution under the Act the cash
occurrence of events specified were deemed remote. flows
EFTA00608446
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 57
Selected
Management /
Advisor Potential of Near-Tenn Restrictions on Transfer & Other Discount
Liquidation Withdrawal Factors for
Company
LOM
in the Act. Generally, Further, all transfers of VIFMLP
VIFMLP was determined to partnership interests require receives will
have a perpetual life unless the consent of the GP. be from
certain actions occur. These restrictions support a incentive
However, at the Valuation discount for lack of fees, which
Date, it was likely that marketability toward the are
VIFMLP would receive a middle of the range. dependent on
one-time distribution from a the
loan. Taking all of these performance
factors into account, the of the
likelihood of VIFMLP's near- underlying
term liquidation was not investments.
considered to be great,
thereby arguing for a discount
for LOM below the
established range, but higher
than that for AMVILP.
The chance of an LP The ASVFMLP Partnership The timing
recouping his investment Agreement is silent on of the cash
through liquidation was not withdrawal. As such, the flows is
considered to be high during Act specifies that withdrawal uncertain
the next fifteen years or so. prior to dissolution is since a large
ASVFMLP can only liquidate forbidden. Events causing portion of
upon the occurrence of events dissolution under the Act the cash
specified in the Act. were deemed remote. flows
Generally, ASVFMLP was Further, all transfers of ASVFMLP
determined to have a Partnership interests require receives will
perpetual life unless certain the consent of the GP. be from
actions occur. However, at These restrictions support a management
ASVFMLP 15',
the Valuation Date, it was discount for lack of fees, which
likely that ASVFMLP would marketability toward the are
receive distributions from a middle of the established dependent on
loan. Taking all of these range. the
factors into account, the underlying
likelihood of ASVMLP's investment
near-term liquidation was not environment.
considered to be great,
thereby arguing for a discount
for LOM below the
established range, but higher
than that for AMVILP.
The chance of an LP There was no agreement in The timing
recouping his investment place, but it is believed to be of the cash
SVF Advisors 20%
through liquidation was not similar to ASVFMLP. Flows is
considered to be high during Therefore, these restrictions uncertain
EFTA00608447
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 58
Selected
Management /
Advisor Potential of Near-Term Restrictions on Transfer & Other Discount
Liquidation Withdrawal Factors for
Company
LOM
the next fifteen years or so. support a discount for lack of since a large
SVF can only liquidate upon marketability toward the portion of
the occurrence of events middle of the established the cash
specified in the Act. Taking range. flows SVF
all of these factors into Advisors
account, the likelihood of receives will
SVF Advisors' near-term be from
liquidation was not considered incentive
to be great, thereby arguing fees, which
for a discount for LOM are
below the established range, dependent on
but higher than that for the
ASVFMLP. performance
of the
underlying
investments.
The chance of a limited The AAMLP Partnership At the
partner recouping his Agreement states GP approval Valuation
investment through liquidation is necessary for transfers of Date, AAO
was considered to be low limited partnership interests. was in the
during the next five years or These restrictions support a process of
so. AAO was expected to discount for lack of being
continue indefinitely. marketability toward the formed.
AAMLP was created to act upper-to-middle of the Empire
as the manager of AAO. established range. believed
Therefore, it was likely that there was
AAMLP will be dissolved additional
only after AAO is dissolved. risk due to
AAMLP However, at the Valuation the area 20'
Date, it was likely that where AAO
AAMLP would receive planned to
distributions from a loan. invest and
Taking all of these factors market
into account, the likelihood of conditions.
AAMLP's near-term
liquidation was not considered
to be great, thereby arguing
for a discount for LOM
below the established range,
but higher than that for
ASVFMLP.
The chance of a limited There was no agreement in At the
partner recouping his place, but it is believed to be Valuation
Asia Advisors investment through liquidation similar to AAMLP. Date, AAO 20%
was considered to be low Therefore, these restrictions was in the
EFTA00608448
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 59
Selected
Management /
Advisor Potential of Near-Term Restrictions on Transfer & Other Discount
Liquidation Withdrawal Factors for
Company
LOM
during the next five years or support a discount for lack of process of
so. AAO was expected to marketability toward the being
continue indefinitely. Asia middle of the established formed.
Advisors was created to range. Empire
receive the incentive fees believed
from AAO. Therefore, it there was
was likely that Asia Advisors additional
will be dissolved only after risk due to
AAO is dissolved. Taking the area
all of these factors into where AAO
account, the likelihood of planned to
Asia Adviors' near-term invest and
liquidation was not considered market
to be great, thereby arguing conditions.
for a discount for LOM
below the established range,
but higher than that for
ASVFMLP.
The chance of a LP The AEMLP Partnership At the
recouping his investment Agreement is silent on Valuation
through liquidation was not withdrawal. As such, the Date, AEM
considered to be high during Act specifies that withdrawal had only
the next several years. prior to dissolution is recently been
Further, AEMLP can only be forbidden. Events causing formed.
liquidated upon the dissolution under the Act Empire
occurrence of events specified were deemed remote. believed
in the Act. Generally, Further, all transfers of there was
AEMLP was determined to partnership interests require additional
have a perpetual life unless the consent of the GP. risk due to
certain actions occur. At the These restrictions support a the area
AEMLP 20'
Valuation Date, it was likely discount for lack of where AEM
that AEMLP would receive marketability toward the planned to
distributions from a loan. middle of the established invest and
Taking all of these factors range. market
into account, the likelihood of conditions.
AEMLP's near-term
liquidation was not considered
to be great, thereby arguing
for a discount for LOM
below the established range,
but higher than that for
ASVFMLP.
The chance of a limited The AAALP Partnership At the
AAALP partner recouping his Agreement is silent on Valuation 20'
investment through liquidation withdrawal. As such, the Date, AAA
EFTA00608449
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 60
Selected
Management /
Advisor Potential of Near-Term Restrictions on Transfer & Other Discount
Liquidation Withdrawal Factors for
Company
LOM
was considered to be low Act specifies that withdrawal had only
during the next five years or prior to dissolution is recently been
so. AAA was expected to forbidden. Events causing formed.
continue indefinitely and dissolution under the Act Empire
AAALP was created to were deemed remote. believed
manage AAA. However, at Further, all transfers of there was
the Valuation Date, it was partnership interests require additional
likely that AAALP would the consent of the GP. risk due to
receive distributions from a These restrictions support a the areas
loan. Taking all of these discount for lack of where AAA
factors into account, the marketability toward the planned to
likelihood of AAALP's near- middle of the established invest and
term liquidation was not range. market
considered to be great, conditions.
thereby arguing for a discount
for LOM below the
established range, but higher
than that for ASVFMLP.
At the Valuation Date, no At the Valuation Date, no EPF has not
agreements for AEPFMLP agreements for AEPFMLP been
were available, but it is were available, but it is launched.
believed the restrictions will believed the restrictions will The
be similar to other Apollo be similar to other Apollo possibility
funds. funds. existed that 20'
AEPFMLP
EPF might
not achieve
targets if the
market
worsens
significantly.
At the Valuation Date, no At the Valuation Date, no EPF has not
agreements for EPF Advisor agreements for EPF Advisor been
were available, but it is were available, but it is launched.
believed the restrictions will believed the restrictions will The
be similar to other Apollo be similar to other Apollo possibility
funds. funds. existed that
EPF Advisor 20'
EPF might
not achieve
targets if the
market
worsens
significantly.
At the Valuation Date, no At the Valuation Date, no New Fund
NFMLP 20%
agreements for NFMLP were agreements for NFMLP were has not been
EFTA00608450
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 61
Selected
Management /
Advisor Potential of Near-Term Restrictions on Transfer & Other Discount
Liquidation Withdrawal Factors for
Company
LOM
available, but it is believed available, but it is believed launched.
the restrictions will be similar the restrictions will be similar The
to other Apollo funds. to other Apollo funds. possibility
existed that
New Fund
might not
achieve
targets if the
market
worsens
significantly.
At the Valuation Date, no At the Valuation Date, no New Fund
agreements for New Fund agreements for New Fund has not been
Advisor were available, but it Advisor were available, but it launched.
is believed the restrictions is believed the restrictions The
will be similar to other will be similar to other possibility
Apollo funds. Apollo funds. existed that
New Fund
New Fund 20'
Advisor
might not
achieve
targets if the
market
worsens
significantly.
In addition, the following discussion impacts all Management Companies, Advisor
Companies, and the determination of the LOM discount.
• Impact of Distributions: Distributions are very important to an investor in
any closely-held company because they provide a means for him to receive
a return on investment without having to sell it. As of the Valuation Date,
the AMHLP was in the process of securing a loan, whose proceeds would
be paid out to the partners of the Management Companies and Advisor
Companies. Given this fact set, a lack of marketability discount in the
lower end of the range was considered appropriate.
• Information Access & Reliability: With regard to ownership rights, clearly
the GP has complete access to all pertinent information about the
Partnership's investments and prospects. A purchaser of a limited
partnership interest in the Management Companies and Advisor Companies
EFTA00608451
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 62
has the right to receive the financial information necessary to file his
personal income tax return and, by state law, review its financial records;
however, the owners do not have a right to challenge the information
provided or obtained. These issues argue for a discount for lack of
marketability toward the lower to middle end of the established range.
• Restricted Stock Studies: Addendum 5 includes fmdings from restricted
stock studies. Keeping in mind that limited partners may not withdraw
from the Partnership, it is useful to consider the impact of holding periods
on the appropriate discount for lack of marketability. The inability to
monetize an investment generally increases with holding period. Addendum
6 discusses the data in more detail. Overall, the restricted stock studies
demonstrate that discounts do exist to compensate investors for their relative
inability to liquidate an investment over the course of a given holding
period. This factor is offset to some extent by the fact that distributions
have historically been paid. Nevertheless, there is no guarantee that limited
partners will continue to receive them, and the inability to withdraw and
receive fair market value for one's interest is a detriment. The pending
Fortress and Blackstone IPOs imply that liquidity for firms like Apollo may
be increasing, and Apollo is certainly a well-recognized name in the
investment community. All in all, the discount for lack of marketability
based on the restricted stock studies would be toward the low end of the
range.
In conclusion, some discount must be allocated against the pro rata freely tradeable
value derived above in order to quantify the fair market value of a limited
partnership interest. After assessing all factors, it was determined that the selected
lack of marketability discounts should be applied to the freely tradeable value of a
limited partnership interest in the Management Companies and Advisor Companies.
This is consistent with the pass-thru adjustment considered earlier, as well as the
fact that such an interest lacks most voting rights and other elements of control,
and its holder may find it difficult, if not impossible, to transfer his interest in, or
withdraw from, the Management Companies and Advisor Companies if such a
course should become desirable.
Table XIV on the following page details the fair market values of the Management
Companies and Advisor Companies. Again, please see Exhibits A-1 through A-18.
EFTA00608452
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 63
Table XIV
Aggregate Fair Market Value of
Management Companies and Advisor Companies
Aggregate LBFH's Pro
Minority Value Selected Rata Interest Fair Market
Management Aggregate Fair
of LOM in Value of
Company Market Value
Management Discount Management LBFH's Interest
Companies Company
AMIIILP $0 10% $0 30.35% $0
AMIVLP $3,068,801 10% $2,761,920 30.35% $838,243
AMVLP $12,017,131 15% $10,214,562 30.35% $3,100,119
AMVILP $190,858,978 15% $162,230,131 30.35% $49,236,845
AIM $1,017,345,253 15% $864,743,465 23.90% $206,673,688
VIFMLP $64,492,412 15% $54 818 550 26.90% $14,746,190
ASVFMLP $278,665,082 15% $236,865,320 44.00% $104,220,741
SVF Advisors $124,733,627 20% $99,786,902 44.00% $43,906,237
AAMLP $44,044,859 20% $35,235,887 44.00% $15,503,790
Asia Advisors $31,566,933 20% $25,253,546 44.00% $11,111,560
AEMLP $465,218,791 20% $372,175,033 44.00% $163,757,015
AAALP $342,440,764 20% $273,952,611 44.00% $120,539,149
Subtotal Existing
$Z574,452,630 $2,138,037,927 $733,633,577
Funds
AMVIILP $382,786,941 20% $306,229,553 30.35% $92,940,669
Fund VII Advisor $439,504,477 25% $329,628,358 24.64% $81,220,427
AEPFLP $30,811,394 20% $24,649,115 44.00% $10,845,611
EPF Advisor $27,802,732 20% $22,242,185 44.00% $9,786,562
NFMLP $124,677,855 20% $99,742,284 44.00% $43,886,605
New Fund 20% $76,455,018 44.00% $33,640,208
$95,568,772
Advisor
Subtotal Goodwill $1,101,152,171 $858,946,513 $272,320,082
Total $3,675,604,801 $2,996,984,440 $1,005,953,658
F. Reasonableness Test - Guideline Company Assessment
To test the reasonableness of the values derived above for the Capital Markets
Management Companies, we considered multiples for publicly traded companies and
compared them to the implied multiples for the Capital Markets Management
Companies (calculated before application of the marketability discount above).
Three multiples which are typically used to compare entities similar to the
EFTA00608453
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 64
Partnership were used: MVIC's/AUM; MVIC/TTM76 Revenues; and MVIC/TTM
Adjusted EBITDA." The details are presented in Exhibit D, and the ranges, means
and medians are repeated in Table XV below.
Table XV
Guideline Company Multiples
siviarrM
siviCrrrm
MVIC/AUM Adjusted
Revenues
EBITDA
Upper Limit 201.9% 15.7 22.7
Lower Limit 1.5% 3.4 5.6
Median 51.3% 8.5 12.1
Mean 19.5% 7.3 14.1
Implied for AIMLP 39.1% 10.4 20.5
Implied for VIFMLP 10.7% 3.2 9.7
Implied for ASVFMLP 15.5% 15.8 9.9
Implied for AAMLP 14.7% 3.8 8.9
Implied for AEMLP 93.0% 21.1 21.8
Implied for AAALP 148.2% 11.3 17.8
Implied for EPFMLP 10.3% 4.4 0.0
Implied for NFMLP N/A 8.1 0.0
The capi al markets companies' multiples generally fall with'n the ranges. This
evidence helps to corroborate the values derived for the Management Companies
using the DFE methodology.
G. Valuation of AMHLP
As discussed above, a willing buyer would typically assess the value of AMHLP
based on the market values of its underlying assets. Thus, it is reasonable to
utilize ABV as a method to value the Partnership. By definition, this methodology
should be based on going concern value, not on the assumption of business
liquidation. In reality, though, holders of non-controlling ownership interests can
only receive their pro ram share of the entity's assets if it is liquidated.
Adjusted Book Value: Book value, unadjusted, is another name for the partners'
capital account as it appears on the balance sheet. Again, ABV as a willing buyer
IS Market Value of Invested Capital
IS Trailing Twelve Months
IS Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization
EFTA00608454
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 65
would assess it involves determining the value of a company's bundle of assets, less
its liabilities, but before transaction costs.
The aggregate fair market value of LBFH's interest totaled $1,005,954,000,
rounded, as derived above. The aggregate fair market value of AMHLP's assets is
$2,996,984,000, rounded. Therefore, the economic value of LBFH's limited
partnership interest in AMHLP is equal to 33.57% ($1,005,954,000 +
$2,996,984,000). Again, see Exhibit C.
Investment Company Discount ("ICD"): The ICD is an adjustment that is
typically appropriate because a fractional equity owner has no ability to affect the
investment decisions of his holding company. The discount takes into consideration
the portfolio risk of the holding company. The ICD tends to be lower for a
company with a diversified portfolio of marketable securities. Higher discounts are
generally found as diversification decreases. The highest level of ICDs are
associated with companies which have portfolios comprised of non-diversified, high-
risk, closely-held securities. Again, the application of the ICD places AMHLP's
owners on a footing similar to that of minority shareholders who own the voting
shares of fully marketable closed-end funds.
Therefore, to derive an ICD for AMHLP, on a fully marketable basis, a market
approach (i.e., the guideline company method) was utilized whereby a reasonably
comparable group of publicly traded closed-end investment funds was selected and
the public pricing of these funds was used to determine an ICD appropriate for a
non-controlling interest in the Partnership.
AMHLP's net investment assets primarily were: (1) privately held investments in
private equity and capital markets funds. As a result, the following samples were
developed in order to assess an ICD appropriate to AMHLP's assets: (1) non-
diversified closed end funds invested in securities for capital appreciation; (2) closed
end funds invested in world equity securities; and (3) closed end funds invested in
venture capital securities. The sample statistics are summarized in Table XVI and
detailed in Exhibits E-1 through E-3.
Table XVI
Closed-End Fund Sample
LCD
Sample
Low High Median Mean
Capital Appreciation Closed-End Funds (2.0%) 12.8% 9.1% 7.1%
Venture Capital Closed-End Funds 0.7% 18.6% 9.6% 9.6%
EFTA00608455
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 66
World Equity Closed-End Funds (8.8%) 18.1% 7.1% 4.9%
It was considered that the sample of closed-end funds invested in capital
appreciation, venture capital, and world equities was appropriate for AMHLP's
securities.
Table XVII below presents a qualitative comparison of these investment companies
with AMHLP.
Table XVII
Attributes of Closed-End Funds
Attributes of Closed-End Funds Adjustment to AMHLP
Positive Negative Neutral
Portfolio Size X
Portfolio Diversification X
Liquidity of Underlying Investments X
Professionally Managed X
Yield X
Marketable Minority Interest Value of AMHLP's Equity: A number of factors
were considered in estimating an appropriate ICD for AMHLP including, but not
limited to, the following: (1) the ICDs of the closed end funds sampled; (2) the
ABV of each class of assets relative to the aggregate ABV of AMHLP; and (3) the
qualitative comparison in the foregoing table. AMHLP's portfolio is less diversified
and is less liquid than demonstrated by the sample of closed-end funds.
Consequently, it was considered that an ICD of 5% would be appropriate.
Using a 5% ICD, the aggregate marketable minority interest value of AMHLP's
equity, is reasonably stated at $955,655,975 [$1,005,953,658x (1 - 0.05)]. See
Exhibit C.
H. Incremental Lack of Marketability
As discussed previously, in assessing the discount for lack of marketability
applicable to a limited partnership interest in AMHLP, a number of specific factors
were considered, including the following: (1) the impact of distributions; (2)
information access and reliability; (3) the potential of near-term liquidation; and (4)
any restrictions on transfer and withdrawal. In addition, a closer look at the
Restricted Stock Studies as they influence a decision for AMHLP was also made.
EFTA00608456
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 67
• Impact of Distributions: Distributions are very important to an investor in
any closely-held company because they provide a means for him to receive
a return on investment without having to sell it. Since the Partnership was
in the process of securing a loan whose proceeds would be used to make
distributions to the partners, AMHLP was expected to pay at least a
substantial one-time distribution in the near-term. Further, as the
Management Companies collect management and incentive fees, more cash
would be available for distribution, once the debt related to the one-time
distribution was paid down. This argues for a discount below the lower
end of the established range.
• Potential of Near-Term Liquidation: The Partnership was created to act as
the holding company for the Management Companies. The Management
Companies and Advisor Companies were not expected to dissolve until the
underlying Funds dissolve. Therefore, it was unlikely that the Partnership
will be dissolved in the near-term. Further, discussions as to whether a
loan might be taken out and a more "near-term" distribution possibly being
made were under way. This would argue for a discount for lack of
marketability at the lower end of the established range.
• Restrictions on Transfer & Withdrawal: As discussed, the AMHLP
Partnership Agreement states that approval of the GP is necessary before a
limited partner may withdraw unless the Partnership is in dissolution. Also,
GP approval is necessary for transfers of limited partnership interests.
These restrictions support a discount for lack of marketability toward the
middle-to-upper end of the established range.
Discount Summary: Regarding AMHLP, the following points bear reiteration:
• The AMHLP Partnership Agreement governing the Partnership specifies that
it is a limited partnership; the GP has full, complete, and exclusive
discretion to manage and control its business.
• As invested at the Valuation Date, it was likely that the Partnership will
have cash flow available for distribution. However, distributions are at the
discretion of the GP. There are, however, plans to make a larger one-time
loan-related distribution shortly after the Valuation Date.
• The AMHLP Partnership Agreement places restrictions on a LP's ability to
withdraw or transfer its/his interest in the Partnership, whereas, shareholders
EFTA00608457
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 68
of the publicly traded companies have no limitation or restriction on their
right to sell their units.
• It was unlikely that AMHLP will be terminated within the next several
years.
In conclusion, some discount must be allocated against the pro rata freely tradeable
value derived above in order to quantify the fair market value of a limited
partnership interest. After assessing all factors, it was determined that a 10%
discount should be applied to the freely tradeable value of a limited partnership
interest in AMHLP. This is consistent with the pass-thru adjustment considered
earlier, as well as the fact that such an interest lacks most voting rights and other
elements of control, and its holder may find it difficult, if not impossible, to
transfer his interest in, or withdraw from, the Partnership if such a course should
become desirable.
Therefore, in our opinion the freely tradeable value of $955,655,975 should be
reduced by 10% to account for the interest's lack of marketability under the terms
of the AMHLP Partnership Agreement. This calculation results in a fair market
value of $860,100,000 ($955,655,975 x [1.00 - 0.10]), rounded, for a 33.57%
limited partnership interest in AMHLP as of the Valuation Date. Again, please see
Exhibit C.
Valuation Summary
Given the foregoing review and analysis, and subject to the attached Statement of
Limiting Conditions, it is our opinion that the: 1) fair market value of the
Management Interests contributed by LBFH to AMHLP, is reasonably stated, in
aggregate, at $860,100,000, rounded, with the aggregate value of all of the
Management Interests being reasonably stated, on a comparable basis, at
$2,996,984,000, rounded. Therefore, the economic interest contributed by LBFH in
Apollo Management Holdings, M. is calculated to represent 33.57% of the value
of AMHLP.
The fair market value of a 33.05% interest received by LBFH, assuming
incremental lack of control and marketability discounts, is reasonably stated as
$605,600,000. The above analyses and conclusions are as of April 16, 2007.
Again, this report has been prepared as a Restricted Use Appraisal Report as
defined in Standards Rule 10 of The Appraisal Foundation's Uniform Standards of
Professional Appraisal Practice ("USPAP"), which specifically applies to the
preparation of valuation reports of business interests. This report is for your use
EFTA00608458
Carlyn McCaffrey, Esq.
October 18, 2007
Page 69
and should be considered only in conjunction with the December 2006 Reports.
This report should only be shared with those persons who have read the December
2006 Reports and have the requisite knowledge to understand the risks,
opportunities, and the valuation theories and analyses discussed and applied in this
situation, since this report may not be understood properly by readers who have not
read December Report.
Respectfully submitted,
Empire Valuation Consultants, LLC
P. Wan-Belt jar
Valuation Associate
Na Thiba lt, ASA
bc coe
Senior Valuation Associate
e
Andrea Hock, ASA
Managing Director
Scott A. Nammacher, ASA, CFA
Managing Director
EFTA00608459
Addendum 1-1
STATEMENT OF LIMITING CONDITIONS
Confidentiality/Advertising: This report and supporting documentation are
confidential. Neither all nor any part of the contents of this appraisal shall be
copied or disclosed to any party or conveyed to the public orally or in writing
through advertising, public relations, news, sales, or in any other manner without
the prior written consent and approval of both Empire Valuation Consultants, LLC
and its client.
Litigation Support: Depositions, expert testimony, attendance in court, and all
preparations/support for same, arising from this appraisal shall not be required
unless arrangements for such services have been previously made.
Management: The opinion of value expressed herein assumes the continuation of
prudent management policies over whatever period of time is deemed reasonable and
necessary to maintain the character and integrity of the appraised business entity as
a going concern.
Information and Data: Information supplied by others that was considered in this
valuation is from sources believed to be reliable, and no further responsibility is
assumed for its accuracy. Information used was limited to that available on or
before the Valuation Date, or which could be reasonably ascertained as of that date.
We reserve the right to make such adjustments to the valuation herein reported as
may be required by consideration of additional or more reliable data that may
become available subsequent to the issuance of this report.
Purpose: All opinions of market value are presented as Empire Valuation
Consultants, LLC's considered opinion based on the facts and data obtained during
the course of the appraisal investigation. We assume no responsibility for changes
in market conditions which might require a change in appraised value. The value
conclusion derived in this appraisal was for the specific purpose and date set forth
in this appraisal and may not be used for any other purpose.
Fee: The fee established for the formulation and reporting of these conclusions is
not contingent upon the value or other opinions presented.
Interest: Neither the appraiser nor any officer or employee of Empire Valuation
Consultants, LLC has any interest in the property appraised.
Unexpected Conditions: We assume that there are no hidden or unexpected
conditions of the assets valued that would adversely affect value.
EFTA00608460
Addendum 1-2
Non Appraisal Expertise: No opinion is intended for matters which require legal
or specialized expertise, investigation or knowledge, beyond that customarily
employed by appraisers.
Hazardous Substances: Hazardous substances, if present within the facilities of a
business, can introduce an actual or potential liability that will adversely affect the
marketability and value of the business or its underlying assets. In the development
of our opinion of value, no consideration has been given to such liability or its
impact on value unless otherwise indicated in the report.
EFTA00608461
Addendum 2
CERTIFICATION OF APPRAISERS
We the appraisers certify that, to the best of our knowledge and belief:
1. Our analyses, opinions and conclusions were developed, and this report was
prepared, in conformity with the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal
Practice.
2. All statements of fact contained in this report are true and correct.
3. The reported analyses, opinions, and conclusions are limited only by the reported
assumptions and limiting conditions, and are our personal, unbiased professional
analyses, opinions, and conclusions.
4. Neither Empire nor any of its employees has, to the best of our knowledge, either a
present or intended financial interest in the entity that is the subject of this report,
in any affiliates that may exist, or with respect to the parties involved.
5. We have no bias with respect to the entity that is the subject of this report or to
the parties involved with this assignment.
6. Empire's engagement in this assignment was not contingent upon developing or
reporting predetermined results.
7. The professional fee paid to Empire for the preparation of this report is not
contingent upon its conclusion, including: developing or reporting a predetermined
value or direction of value that favors the cause of the client, the amount of the
value opinion, the attainment of a stipulated result, or the occurrence of a
subsequent event directly related to the intended use of this appraisal.
8. No one provided significant business appraisal assistance to the persons signing this
certification, unless specifically stated herein.
The American Society of Appraisers has a mandatory recertification program for all of
its Accredited Senior Appraisers. The senior members signing below, designated by the
"ASA," are in compliance with that program.
I P. Wan-Be7‘ jar
14
Valuation Associate
gas ib It, ASA
cfie
Senior Valuation Associate
cond.,e 3/O-d.
Andrea E. Hock, ASA
M. in Dir
A Nammacher, ASA, CFA
Managing Director
October 18, 2007
EFTA00608462
Addendum 3-1
EMPIRE VALUATION CONSULTANTS, LLC
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Empire Valuation Consultants, LLC provides valuations to business owners, attorneys,
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the preparation of over 7,500 appraisals for the following reasons:
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Litigation Support & Expert Testimony
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ESOP Feasibility Studies & Preliminary Valuations
Empire is available to work with our client's team of financial advisors or
participate in independent feasibility studies and preliminary valuation reviews in
connection with ESOP formation planning.
EFTA00608463
Addendum 3-2
IVY P. WAN-BELTEJAR
Academic Degrees
University of Rochester, William E. Simon School of
Business, Finance and Corporate Accounting, 2004
B.A. University of California, Berkeley, Interdisciplinary Studies,
2000
Employment
Valuation Associate, Empire Valuation Consultants, Rochester, New York,
2004-Present
Senior Financial Analyst, Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco, San
Francisco, CA, 2001-2002
Financial Analyst, Atherton Capital, Inc., San Bruno, CA, 2000-2001
Experience
Ivy brings to Empire her strong analytical and fmancial skills. While
employed at the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco, she was
involved in analyzing and approving unsecured credit lines to financial
institutions, as well as managing the portfolio of exposures. Her
responsibilities included performing financial analysis and researching and
monitoring industry trends. As a financial analyst at Atherton Capital, she
was responsible for underwriting loans to franchises in the restaurant, gas
station, and retail store sectors. Ivy is currently a Level II candidate for
the Chartered Financial Analyst designation.
EFTA00608464
Addendum 3-3
NATASHA THIBAULT, ASA
Academic Degrees
Rochester Institute of Technology, 1998
B.S. Rochester Institute of Technology, Accounting, 1992
Employment
Senior Valuation Associate, Empire Valuation Consultants, Rochester, New York,
1998-present
Controller, The Salvation Army, Rochester, New York, 1996-1998
Assistant Controller, The Salvation Army, Rochester, New York, 1994-1996
Experience
Ms. Thibault has earned the designation Accredited Senior Appraiser (ASA),
designated in Business Valuation, from the American Society of Appraisers by meeting
its testing and experience requirements. Ms. Thibault brings to Empire her strong
analytical, financial, and accounting skills. While employed at The Salvation Army,
she was responsible for a variety of accounting and forecasting duties. Ms.
Thibault's strengths include financial statement analysis, as well as a comprehensive
knowledge of not-for-profit organizations.
Since joining Empire, Ms. Thibault has been involved in the valuation of various
equity interests in corporations, partnerships, and limited liability companies, operating
in a variety of industry sectors. These valuations have been performed for estate tax
and gift tax planning, issuance of fairness opinions, employee stock ownership plans,
potential sale or buyout, and other corporate planning and reporting purposes.
EFTA00608465
Addendum 3-4
ANDREA E. HOCK, ASA
Academic Degrees
M.B.A. Rochester Institute of Technology, Finance, 1985
M.A. University of Florida, French Literature, 1974
B.A. Mercer University, summa cum laude, French, 1972
Employment
Managing Director, Empire Valuation Consultants, Rochester, New York, 2000-
present
Senior Valuation Associate, Empire Valuation Consultants, Rochester, New York,
1993-2000
Valuation Analyst, Empire Valuation Consultants, Rochester, New York, 1989-1993
Financial Manager, Joan Hantz Graphic Design, Rochester, New York, 1987-1988
Claims Representative, Social Security Administration, Rochester, New York, 1978-
1989
Experience
Ms. Hock is an Accredited Senior Appraiser (ASA) of the American Society of
Appraisers, Business Valuations. She is currently a Vice President, and former
Chapter President and Secretary, for the Western New York Chapter of the ASA.
Ms. Hock has over fourteen years of business valuation experience. She has been
involved in the valuation of a wide variety of corporations, partnerships, and
business assets for employee stock ownership plans, fairness opinions, solvency
opinions, recapitalizations, estate and gift taxes, and other purposes.
As financial manager of a graphics design firm, Ms. Hock became familiar with
proposal writing, financial planning, bookkeeping and tax accounting. Her
experience with the government provided her with a background in a wide variety
of federal and state services and regulations.
EFTA00608466
Addendum 3-5
SCOTT A. NAMMACHER, ASA, CFA
Academic Degrees
M.B.A. New York University Graduate School of Business, Finance, 1985
B.S. University of Minnesota, Business, 1977
Employment
Principal and Managing Director, Empire Valuation Consultants, LW, New York,
New York, 1992-Present
Manager, Financial Valuations, Arthur Andersen & Co., New York, 1990-1991
V.P., Marigold Capital Development, Investment Banking Div. of Marigold
Enterprises, Greenwich, Connecticut, 1989-1990
Manager - Domestic Finance, PepsiCo, Inc. Purchase, New York, 1985-1989
Experience
Mr. Nammacher is an Accredited Senior Appraiser (ASA) of the American Society
of Appraisers and is a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA). He has over 20 years
of experience in financial consulting and business valuations. He has valued the
equity, debt, warrants, NOLs, etc. of publicly and privately held businesses for
acquisitions, divestitures, stock repurchases, estate and gift tax reporting, buy/sell
agreements, recapitalizations, and general corporate planning purposes. Mr.
Nammacher has also developed business plans and financing packages, and has
been involved in completed transactions totaling over $1.5 billion. In addition, he
played key roles in the successful launch of a new business publication.
Mr. Nammacher has testified as an expert witness in U.S. Tax Court, U.S.
Bankruptcy Court, Delaware Chancery Court and other courts and arbitration
settings around the country, and published a book and several articles on "junk
bonds." He also received the prestigious "Graham & Dodd Scroll Award" from
the Financial Analysts Journal for outstanding financial writing relating to a cover
story he co-authored.
He is currently an elected member of the American Society of Appraisers' Business
Valuation Committee, the oversight entity for the business valuation arm of the
ASA. He has spoken on valuation issues around the country, chaired an annual
valuation conference in New York City for over 12 years. He is co-chair of the
first joint AICPA/ASA valuation conference ever presented.
EFTA00608467
Addendum 4-1
Valuation of Pass-Through Entities
A pass-through entity can have positive and negative impacts on the valuation of
a minority interest in a closely-held company or partnership depending on the
specific facts pertinent to the entity. In the majority of cases, the pass-through
status has a net positive economic impact to the fair market value of a minority
interest, but the net effect can vary materially between owners of the same
company, and between potential buyers of a minority interest in the company.
Therefore, the net economic impact cannot be modeled precisely. However, an
average net benefit or detriment can be reasonably estimated.
It is recognized that a pass-through entity can have a positive economic impact
on value at the minority interest level. The issue becomes how to accurately
quantify the impact. There are numerous articles and studies that have attempted
to quantify this impact for an S-Corp by applying various simplifying
assumptions. These articles and studies concluded maximum S-Corp economic
benefits to a minority shareholder in the 15% to 30% range, depending on the
assumed tax rate. It stands to reason that a similar economic benefit would
accrue to owners of pass-through entities as well as S-Corps.
Quantifying the Pass-Through Adjustment: When assessing the impact of the
pass-through status on the fair market value of a company's equity, the appraiser
must first review and consider all relevant factors. Then based on these factors,
the appraiser must decide if the pass-through status provides a net benefit to fair
market value. If there is a net benefit, the benefit must be quantified.
However, there are circumstances when the pass-through status does not provide
a net benefit and a pass-through adjustment is not applicable.
Economically, the two primary benefits of the pass-through status are: (1) the
elimination of double taxation on distributions; and (2) the reduction in personal
capital gains taxes when the interest is sold due to the step-up in tax basis
associated with retained earnings. Therefore, because of these benefits, the pass-
through adjustment becomes a function of the savings associated with the net
reduction of dividend and capital gains taxes.
One of the benefits of the pass-through status is to avoid the double taxation of
a company's earnings when it pays a distribution. Under a standard C-Corp, the
company's earnings are taxed at the corporate level and then the shareholder is
taxed again when those earnings are paid out as a dividend. For a pass-through
entity, the investor pays personal income taxes on his pro rata share of the
company's earnings, but does not pay additional taxes on any distributions.
Therefore, if a pass-through entity makes a distribution equal to the investor's
personal tax liability then the net cash retained by the company is the same as
EFTA00608468
Addendum 4-2
that of a C-Corp that does not pay a dividend. This assumes that the individual
tax rate and C-Corp tax rates are essentially equivalent. Currently, the top
marginal federal tax rate was 35% for individuals and 34% for corporations.
Therefore, the economic benefit to the minority S-Corp shareholders is when the
company pays a distribution greater than the amount needed to pay taxes (i.e.,
greater than the marginal C-Corp tax rate).
Another prospective benefit is that the investor's tax basis increases for any
earnings that have not been distributed. This benefit effectively lowers the
investor's capital gains tax liability when the interest is sold. Currently, capital
gains are taxed at a 15% rate for federal taxes and as ordinary income for state
taxes. However, this economic benefit is only realized if and when the investor
sells his interest. Therefore, because of the loss of double taxation and the step-
up in tax basis, the pass-through adjustment becomes a function of the savings
associated with not paying dividend and capital gains taxes, as well as any
differences between the corporate and individual tax rates.
Assuming that corporate and individual income tax rates are the same, the
maximum pass-through adjustment can be represented by the equation 1 + (1 -
tax rate) - 1, where the tax rate represents the weighted average of the dividend
and capital gains tax rates applicable at the valuation date.
Underlying Assumptions: Inherent in this calculation are several underlying
assumptions that are important in understanding the pass-through adjustment.
They include:
• This formula assumes that the economic benefit on dividends and capital
gains tax avoidance are realized in current dollars. However, the capital
gains benefit may not be realized until many years in the future and it is
possible that it may never be realized at all. Accordingly this
simplifying formula tends to bias upward the economic benefit of the
step-up in basis.
• The calculation assumes that capital appreciation is correlated dollar-for-
dollar to the increase in retained earnings. However, most company's
fair market value appreciation is dependent on factors other than just
retained earnings. Further, over time, the fair market value of a
minority interest may go down even if an investor's equity account
increases. This assumption generally indicates that the pass-through
adjustment is biased upward.
• The calculation assumes that an investor is indifferent between receiving
a company's earnings through distributions or capital appreciation (i.e.,
retained earnings). Again, because the capital gains benefit is recognized
on an ongoing basis, the actual timing of the benefit is not taken into
EFTA00608469
Addendum 4-3
account. In reality, because of this timing difference, a minority investor
in a pass-through entity only realizes the full benefit of the calculated
pass-through adjustment when the company pays out 100% of its taxable
earnings as a distribution. If a company distributes less than 100% of
its taxable earnings, the economic benefit of the pass-through status is
reduced.
• Corporate and personal tax rates are equal. Under current applicable
federal tax brackets the highest personal tax rate was 35% which is
roughly equivalent to the highest federal corporate tax rate (i.e., 34%).
Since the concept of a hypothetical willing buyer prevents the selection
of a specific buyer and their tax status, it is assumed that the highest
personal tax bracket is appropriate. To the extent that an individual's
tax rate is higher than the corporate tax rate, the pass-through adjustment
will be lower and vice versa.
As discussed, the pass-through adjustment formula contains certain simplifying
assumptions. It is important to understand these assumptions and their impact on
the pass-through adjustment calculation. Based on the specific facts and
circumstances surrounding the company being valued, the calculated pass-through
adjustment should be modified.
The pass-through adjustment formula outlined above provides a maximum
potential adjustment. However, the adjustment that is applicable to an interest
being valued is generally less than the maximum implied by the calculation.
When concluding an applicable pass-through adjustment, the following factors
must be considered:
• Level of Value: One factor that complicates the determination of the
fair market value of an interest in a closely-held business is the issue of
control. On a 100% control basis, there is no market evidence that
suggests that an arms length-willing buyer will pay a premium in the
acquisition of a closely-held company simply because of the pass-through
status. If that were true then all C-Corp owners would convert to pass-
through entities before they sold their company.
The efficient market theory can be cited to argue against the existence of
an pass-through adjustment on a 100% control basis. If such an
adjustment existed and was automatically realized, then arbitragers would
buy C-Corps, convert to pass-through entities, and sell the company at a
profit. Proponents of the efficient market theory note that a competitive,
efficient market would not allow such arbitrage opportunities to exist.
The competitive market for the acquisition of C-Corps would be priced
up to the point where no premium remained.
EFTA00608470
Addendum 4-4
It is also arguable that the application of a pass-through premium is in
effect a partial reduction of a lack of control discount. This is because
a controlling investor controls the distribution policy of a company as
well as other factors. These control rights can be restricted through the
Operating Agreement. However, this is only done if the controlling
investor were willing to relinquish part of their control.
Therefore, a pass-through adjustment is generally applicable when valuing
a minority interest. However, when valuing a controlling interest
(especially a controlling interest that owns less than 100%) the
methodology used to derive the control value should be considered when
deciding if an adjustment is appropriate. Since the adjustment is
arguably a partial reduction in the lack of control discount, any
applicable control premium, either directly applied or inherent in the
methodology, should incorporate an adjustment when and if appropriate.
Nevertheless, the application of an adjustment should not be made such
that the value of an pass-through entity (on a 100% controlling interest
basis) is greater than an equivalent C-Corp.
• Distributions: The amount of distributions paid to investors of pass-
through entities compared to their tax liability is a significant factor in
determining the appropriateness of a pass-through adjustment. In general,
if all other factors are equal, distributions in excess of the amount
required for the tax liability would support the application of a positive
adjustment. This is because shareholders would be subject to one level
of taxation, instead of two. This is the principal component of a
positive pass-through adjustment because the economic benefit is realized
as the excess distributions are made. However, if a company does not
make sufficient distributions to cover the investor's tax liability then a
lower or possibly no adjustment would be appropriate. In some cases
where minimal or no distributions are made and the investors have
"phantom income", it could be argued that the pass-through status has a
negative impact on fair market value. The maximum adjustment would
be applicable in those instances where a company is making distributions
equal to 100% of taxable income. When distributions are less than
100% of taxable income, a reduction in the maximum pass-through
adjustment should be applied.
• Owners' Compensation: In some valuations, when deriving a
company's cash flow base, an adjustment is made to owners'
compensation to a level deemed appropriate for a C-Corp. This
adjustment results in derivation of a cash flow base that represents the
cash flow available for potential distributions. In these cases, it can be
argued that the company's historical owners' compensation policy has
consisted of two components: market based salary and discretionary
EFTA00608471
Addendum 45
compensation. The discretionary compensation, which was adjusted for
in deriving the company's cash flow base, represents funds available for
potential distributions. As a pass-through entity, the issues regarding
potential excess compensation challenges that applied to C-Corps are
eliminated. Accordingly, the company and its investors have elected to
distribute cash flow through the payment of owners' compensation rather
than through distributions. As such, the company has distributed
substantially all of its taxable earnings through discretionary
compensation. In so doing, the Company has paid out a significant
portion of its taxable earnings, which could not have been done as a C-
Corp without some level of double taxation. In this type of situation an
argument can be made for a reduction to the maximum potential pass-
through adjustment.
• Step-up in Tax Basis: Again, the maximum economic value of the
pass-through status exists when a company pays out 100% of earnings
annually in distributions. If the company pays out less than 100% of
earnings, then a investor receives a step-up in their tax basis equal to
the increase in their equity account. The economic value of this step-up
in tax basis is only realized when the investor sells his stock and the
sale price is more than his equity account. Accordingly, the net present
value of the economic value of the step-up in tax basis is speculative.
If the sale of stock is five to ten years in the future then the current
economic value of the tax basis step-up will be significantly reduced.
Accordingly, the economic value attributed to distributions more than the
pass-through taxes is realized immediately in today dollars; whereas the
economic value of the remaining undistributed earnings is speculative in
timing and amount. To the extent that a company distributes less than
100% of its taxable income an argument can be made to reduce the
pass-through adjustment below the calculated maximum.
After assessing all factors pertaining to the company being valued, a modification
to the maximum calculated pass-through adjustment may be supported. It is
important to consider all the factors outlined above before selecting an appropriate
adjustment. Without properly taking these factors into account, the value of the
pass-through entity will be misstated.
EFTA00608472
Addendum 5-1
Studies of Lack of Marketability Discounts
Summary of Restricted Stock Studies & Initial Public Offering Studies
Years Covered Median
Study in Study Discount
SEC, Overall Average ' 1966-1969 25.8 b
SEC, Non-reporting OTC Companies ° 1966-1969 32.6 b
Gelman ° 1968-1970 33 b
Trout d 1968-1972 33.5
Moroney ' Unknown f 35.6 b
Maher 8 1969-1973 35.4 b
Standard Research Consultants " 1978-1982 45.0
FMV Opinions, Inc. (2 Year Holding Period) i 1979-1997 23
Willamette Management Associates J 1981-1984 31.2
Silber k 1981-1988 33.8 b
Management Planning, Inc. 1980-1985 30-35 b
Management Planning, Inc. 1980-1996 27.1 b
Empire Valuation Consultants, LLC ' 1983-1993 29.1 b
Emory n' 1980-1981 66
Emory '" 1985-1986 43
Emory '" 1987-1989 45
Emory '" 1989-1990 40
Emory '2' 1990-1992 40
Bruce Johnson a 1991-1995 20.2
Emory r° 1992-1993 44
Emory 's 1994-1995 45
Emory °' 1995-1997 42
Columbia Financial Advisors ° 1996-1997 21
Columbia Financial Advisors °(1-Year Period) 1997-1998 13
Emory °1 1997-2000 52
Emory m 1998-2000 47
FMV Opinions, Inc. (1 Year Holding Period) I' 1997-2000 25.9
a 'Discounts Involved in Purchases of Common Stock (1966-1969): Institutional Investor Study Report of the Securities and
Exchange Commission, H.R. Doc. No. 64, Pan 5, 92d Congress., 1st Session. 1971, pp. 2444-2456.
b Mean discounts.
c Milton Gelman, An Economist-Financial Analyses Approach to Valuing Stock of a Closely Held Company? Journal of
Taxation. June 1972, pp. 353-354.
d Robert R. Trout, 'Estimation of the Discount Associated with the Transfer of Restricted Securities: Taxes. June 1977. pp.
381-385.
e Robert E. Moroney, Most Courts Overvalue Closely Held Stocks," Taxes, March 1973, pp. 144-154.
f Although the years covered in this study are likely to be 1969-1972, no specific years were given in the published account.
g J. Michael Maher, 'Discounts for Lack of Marketability for Closely-Held Business Interests: Taxes. September 1976. pp. 562-
571.
h "Revenue Ruling 77-287 Revisited: SRC Quarterly Reports. Spring 1983, pp. 1-3.
i Lance Hall and Timothy Pobeet 'Strategies for Obtaining the Largest Valuation Discounts," Estate Planning (Jan./Feb. 1994);
pp. 38-44
J Willamette Management Associates study (unpublished).
EFTA00608473
Addendum 5-2
k Silber, William L.. "Discounts on Restricted Stock: The Impact of Illiquidity on Stock Prices,' Financial Analysts Journal.
July-August 1991, pp. 60-64.
I Empire Valuation Consultants, LLC study (unpublished).
m Emory. John D.. Business Valuation Review, ten marketability studies by the same author from September 1980 to October
2002. the latest entitled "Discounts for Lack of Marketability Emory Pre-IPO Discount Studies 1980-2000. As Adjusted October
10. 2002." (Medians)
n "Restricted Stock Discounts: 1991-1995," Shannon Pratt's Business Valuation Update (March 1999): 1-3, "Quantitative Support
for Discounts for lack of Marketability," Business Valuation Review (Dec. 1999): 152-155
o Shannon Pratt's Business Valuation Update (May 2000): 1-5
P Lance Hall, 'Why are restricted stock discounts actually larger for one-year holding periods?". Shannon Pratt's Business
Valuation Update (September 2003): 1-4
Numerous empirical studies on lack of marketability discounts have been conducted
during the past twenty years. The following discussion summarizes the results of the
most commonly referenced studies.
I. Institutional Investors Study: The Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC")
published study # 77-287 in 1971, called the "Institutional Investors Study." The
Institutional Investors Study examined the amount of discount at which transactions in
restricted stock, or letter stock, took place compared to the prices of identical but
unrestricted stock on the open market from 1966 through 1969. The table below
segments the data observed by the SEC according to the size of the discount.
Number of Percent of
Discount (Premium) Transactions Study Total
-15.0% to 0.0% 26 6.5%
0.1% to 10.0% 67 16.8%
10.1% to 20.0% 78 19.6%
20.1% to 30.0% 77 19.3%
30.1% to 40.0% 67 16.8%
40.1% to 50.0% 35 8.8%
50.1% to 80.0% 48 12.1%
-15.0% to 80.0% 398 100.0%
The study shows that the discounts on the letter stocks were the least for New York
Stock Exchange ("NYSE") listed stocks, but increased, in order, for American Stock
Exchange ("ASE") listed stocks, Over-the-counter ("OTC") reporting companies and
OTC non-reporting companies. For OTC non-reporting companies, the largest number
of restricted stock transactions fell in the 30% to 40% discount range. Slightly over
56% of the OTC non-reporting companies experienced discounts greater than 30% on
the sale of their restricted stock. A little over 30% of the OTC reporting companies
experienced discounts over 30%, and over 52% experienced discounts over 20%.
The magnitude of the discount for restricted securities from the trading price of the
unrestricted securities was generally related to the following factors:
EFTA00608474
Addendum 5-3
Earnings
Earnings played the most significant role in determining the discounts at which
these stocks were sold from the current market price. The degree of risk of an
investment is determined more by earnings patterns, rather than sales patterns.
Sales
Companies with the largest sales volumes received the smallest discounts and the
companies with the smallest sales volumes received the largest discounts.
Trading Market
Discount rates were greatest on restricted stocks with unrestricted counterparts
traded over-the-counter, followed by those with unrestricted counterparts listed on
the ASE, while the discount rates for those stocks with unrestricted counterparts
listed on the NYSE were the smallest.
2. Gelman Study: Milton Gelman conducted a study analyzing the prices paid by four
closed-end investment companies specializing in restricted securities investments. Based
on an analysis of 89 transactions between 1968 and 1970, Gelman found both the mean
and median discounts to be 33%. Almost 60% of the transactions were at discounts of
30% or more, and over one-third were at discounts of 40% or more.
3. Trout Study: Robert Trout studied 60 transactions involving the purchase of restricted
stock by mutual funds between 1968 and 1972. He observed a mean discount of 34%.
4. Moroney Study: In an article published in 1973, Robert Moroney presented the
results of his study of the prices paid in 146 transactions for restricted securities by 10
registered investment companies. The mean discount in these transactions was 35.6%,
and the median discount was 33%.
5. Maher Study: In 1976, Michael Maher published the results of a study of restricted
stock discounts in transactions taking place from 1969 to 1973. He found that the
mean discount was 35.4%.
6. FMV Restricted Stock Study: FMV Opinions gathered 248 transactions and a median
discount of 23% was observed. After May 1997, the holding period under SEC Rule
144 changed from two years to one. FMV Opinions gathered 182 restricted stock
transactions occurring between 1997 and 2000 and surprisingly the median discount
increased, although the holding period decreased, to 25.9%.
7. Standard Research Consultants Study: In 1983, Standard Research Consultants
conducted a study of 28 private placements of common stock from October 1978
through June 1982. A median discount of 45% was observed.
8. Willamette Management Associates Study: Willamette Management Associates has
performed several studies on the prices of private stock transactions relative to their
prices observed in a subsequent public offering of the same securities. The median
discount of its studies was 31.2%.
EFTA00608475
Addendum 5-4
9. Silber Study: In 1991, William Silber published the results of a study of restricted
stock discounts in 69 transactions taking place between 1981 and 1988. He found that
the mean discount was 33.8%. This study found larger discounts when the size of the
restricted stock block was large in proportion to the total shares outstanding.
Additionally, the study indicated that firms with higher revenues, earnings and market
capitalizations are associated with lower discounts.
10. Management Planning, Inc. Study: Management Planning, Inc. ("MPI") conducted
an analysis of 115 private transactions involving actively traded industrial corporations.
The vast majority of the transactions occurred at discounts to the public market prices.
The discounts ranged from 1% to 86%, with the normal distribution centered in the
30% to 35% range.
MPI found that many of the relatively high discounts observed involved the common
stocks of companies that were not profitable or had very low revenues, which is
consistent with the findings of the SEC Study. MPI eliminated all transactions
involving companies with revenues less than $3,000,000, thereby reducing the test
population to 31 transactions. Of these 31 transactions, 29 occurred at a discount,
some of which were nearly 60%.
As in the SEC Study, MPI analyzed the pricing data in relation to several variables
believed to impact the magnitude of the discounts. MPI concluded the following:
• Private transactions of larger companies (as measured by either revenue or
earnings) have lower discounts than smaller companies, on average.
• Private transactions of companies with stronger growth (as measured by either
revenues or earnings) have lower discounts than companies with slower growth,
on average.
• Private transactions of companies with better revenue or earnings stability have
smaller discounts than those of companies with less stability, on average.
• Private transactions that involve blocks that are relatively small, compared to
trading volume or the number of shares outstanding, have lower discounts than
blocks of stock that are large relative to trading volume and shares outstanding,
on average.
• Private transactions that occurred in a strong market have lower discounts than
transactions that took place in declining or weaker markets, on average.
• Private transactions occur at lower discounts in cases where the publicly traded
counter-part showed more price stability than in cases where there was less price
stability, on average.
II. Empire Valuation Consultants, LLC ("Empire") Study: Empire conducted an
analysis of 106 private placements between February 1983 and June 1993 involving
restricted shares of publicly-traded common stocks. Its unpublished study concluded that
the price differentials between the price of the restricted shares and the market price of
the publicly-traded equivalent securities ranged from a 29.8% premium to a 80.0%
discount, with a mean discount of 29.1%.
EFTA00608476
Addendum 5-5
12. Emory Studies: John D. Emory, previously of Robert W. Baird & Co. Inc., and
now of Emory Business Valuation, LLC, conducted several studies over the past 20
years which relate the prices at which private transactions take place before the initial
public offering ("IPO") to the price at which the stock was offered subsequently to the
public. About 2,300 IPO prospectuses were reviewed from 1980 through 2000, and a
total of 543 qualifying transactions were identified. These transactions involved the sale
of restricted stock that was sold five months or less before the IPO transaction.
Although the median discounts varied during this period, the most recent data indicated
a median discount of 47% for both options and shares sold.
Taken as a whole, the studies regarding the marketability of restricted equity interests
conclude a broad range of mean and median discounts that generally falls between 26%
and 45%. While the publicly-traded counterpart of a restricted stock has a known
price, the companies who later underwent IPOs had no established benchmarks at the
time of their private transactions. Therefore, the IPO studies generally produce a
higher discount for lack of marketability due to the greater uncertainty regarding, if and
when, the stock will ever be public.
13. Bruce Johnson Study: Mr. Johnson conducted a restricted stock study in which he
examined 72 transactions that occurred between 1991 and 1995 resulting in a 20.2%
median discount.
14. Columbia Financial Advisors Study: CFAI conducted a study of the sale of
restricted securities in the U.S. in which they examined only private common equity
placements over the period Jan. 1, 1996 through April 30, 1997. The resulting median
discount was 23%. A similar study was repeated over the period May 1997 through
December 1998 and the median discount was 13%.
EFTA00608477
Addendum 6-1
RESTRICTED STOCK STUDIES
Given a lack of withdrawal rights, it was determined that limited partners'
investments in the Partnership were similar to restricted stocks. Restricted stocks
are those that have been issued, but not registered under the United States
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). Following the date of
issue, these stocks are subject to a lock-up period before they can be freely traded.
Accordingly, restricted stock studies were sought for use in determining the
discounts appropriate for application to each of these investments. A number of
restricted stock studies are summarized in the table below and are more fully
described in Addendum 5 to this report. Data from these studies was used to
estimate reasonable holding period discounts applicable to the Partnership.
Table I
Summary of Restricted Stock Study Data
N of Mean Median
Study Years Covered
Transactions Discount Discount
Two-Year Holding Period
SEC, Overall Average 1966-1969 398 24.0% 25.85E
SEC, Non-Reporting OTC Companies 1966-1969 112 N/A 32.6%
Gelman 1968.1970 89 33.0% 33.0%
Trout 1968.1972 60 315% N/A
Moroney Unknown 146 35.6% 33.0%
Maher 1969-1973 34 35.4% 33.3%
Standard Research Consultants 1978.1982 28 N/A 45.0%
Wi!Barnette Management Assoc. 1981.1984 33 N/A 31.2%
Silber 1981.1988 69 33.8% 35.0%
FMV Opinions, Inc. 1979-1992 100+ 23.0% N/A
Management Planning, Inc. 1980-1996 49 27.7% 28.8%
Bruce Johnson 1991.1995 72 N/A 20.2%
Columbia Financial Advisors 1996-1997 23 21.0% 14.0%
Low 21.0% 14.0%
High 35.6% 45.0%
Median 33.0% 32.6%
Average 29.7% 30.25E
One-Year Holding Period
Columbia Financial Advisors 1997-1998 15 13.0% 9.0%
FMV Opinions, Inc. 1997-2000 182 N/A 25.9%
Average 17.55E
EFTA00608478
Addendum 6-2
The restricted stock studies demonstrate that discounts do exist to compensate
investors for their relative inability to liquidate an investment over the course of a
given holding period. The statistics associated with the studies fell within a
reasonably close range, although variation of implied discounts was noted within
each of the studies. Variations in observed discounts were generally attributed to
company-specific (i.e., investment specific) factors. The information above also
supports the notion that discounts declined when holding periods were reduced,
which can be anticipated based on accepted financial theory.
Based on these studies, it was determined that the discounts appropriate for lock-up
periods of two years could be as high as 33%. While datapoints underlying the
specific studies suggested that discounts could range much higher, it was considered
that such high levels of discounts were frequently observed with investments that
were subject to high levels of stock price volatility or business risk. As a result,
the overall median restricted stock discount of approximately 33% for a two-year
holding period was considered a reasonable upper boundary for use in this analysis.
Against the backdrop of the restricted stock studies, together with the experience of
Empire's principals, a range of discounts was estimated that could be considered
reasonably appropriate for various lock-up periods up to two years, as detailed in
Table II.
Table II
Estimated Lock-up Period Discounts
Lock-up Estimated Discount
Period Range
0-1 Months 1-5%
1-6 Months 5-7%
6-12 Months 7-10%
13-18 Months 11-25%
19-24 Months 26-33%
The estimated breakdown is further supported by the restricted stock discounts
associated with a one-year holding period, as summarized by two studies in the
table on the preceding page. In particular, the Columbia Financial Advisors' 1997-
1998 study suggests a median discount over a one-year holding period of
approximately 10%. While the FMV Opinions, Inc. 1997-2000 study suggests a
higher level of discount for a one-year holding period, the authors of that study
indicated that high levels of volatility were observed, contributing to the higher-than-
expected level of discount. It should be recognized that these estimated ranges are
EFTA00608479
Addendum 6-3
likely to overlap; i.e., the holding period discount ultimately appropriate to a
specific investment is dependent on the attributes of that particular investment.
The level of holding period discount will generally be impacted by the length of the
expected holding period, the asset price volatility, and other investment-specific
factors. In the context of this analysis, investment-specific factors could include:
(1) the Funds' investment strategy; (2) the speed and ease with which management
can harvest the investments made; (3) the marketplace for IPOs and mergers and
acquisitions; (4) the level of focus management maintains of this particular Fund,
given new funds being initiated; and (5) other timing and market specific factors.
EFTA00608480
EXHIBIT A-1
APOLLO MANAGEMENT, LP
DISCOUNTED FUTURE EARNINGS
AS OF APRIL 16, 2007
HISTORY PROJECT PROJECT
2006 2007 2008
Adjusted Invested Capital $341,800,000 $119,600,000 $0
Management Fees $6,034,471 $0 $0
Operating Expense Ratio Estimate 68.6% 0.0% 0.0%
Operating Expenses ($4,137.805) $0 $0
Operating Income $1.896,666 $0 $0
Margin:
Adjustment
Adjusted Pre-Tax Income $1.896,666 $0 $0
Tax Rate 42% 42% 42%
Tax $796,600 $0 $0
Net Income $1,100,066 $0 $0
Days 259 624
Present Value Factors 11% 1.0000 0.9286 0.8366
Present Value $0 $0
Sum of Present Values $0
Pass-through premium 15% $0
Aggregate Marketable Value of Invested Capital $0
Less: Outstanding Debt $0
Aggregate Marketable Value of Partners' Capital $0
Partner's Pro Rata Percentage 30.35% $0
Discount for Lack of Marketability 10% $0
Pro Rata. Fair Market Value of Partners Capital $0
Pro Rata, Fair Market Value of Partners Capital, rounded $0
EFTA00608481
EXHIBIT A-2
APOLLO MANAGEMENT IV, LP
DISCOUNTED FUTURE EARNINGS
AS OF APRIL 16, 2007
HISTORY PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Adjusted Invested Capital' $1.043.700.000 $649.128.201 50 $0 $0
Management Fees' $6.142.871 $3.164,500 $0 $0
Operating Expense Ratio Estimate 51.7% 32.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Operating Expenses* (53.176.672) (51.012.209) $0 $0
Pre-Tax Income $2.966.199 $2,152291 $0 $0
Adjustments $0 50 $0 $0
Adjusted Pre-Tax Income $2.966.199 52.152.291 $0 $0
Tax Rate 42% 42% 42% 42%
Tax $1.245.804 $903,962 $0 $0
Net Income $1720.395 $1.248,329 $0 $0
Horizon Value (Gordon Growth Model)*
Days 259 624 989 1.354
Present Value Factors 0.9346 0.8496 0.7724 0.7022
Present Value $1.607.891 $1.060.632 $0 $0
Discount Rate: 10%
Sum of Present Values 52.668.522
Pass-through premium 15% $400.278
Aggregate Marketable Value of Invested Capital 53.068.801
Less: Outstanding Debt $0
Aggregate Marketable Value of Partners' Capital 53.068.801
Partners Pro Rata Percentage 30.35% $931.381
Discount for Lack of Marketability 10% ($93.138)
Pro Rata. Fair Market Value of Partners Capital $838.243
Pro Rata, Fair Market Value of Partner's Capital, rounded $840,000
'Based on projections wooded by management
EFTA00608482
EXHIBIT A-3
APOLLO MANAGEMENT V, LP
DISCOUNTED FUTURE EARNINGS
AS OF APRIL 16, 2007
HISTORY PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Adjusted Invested Capital' $1,808.400.000 $1.694.200.000 $984.976.667 $593,497.619 $150.000.000 $0
Management Fees' $13.348.875 $11.376.706 $6.653,302 $3.619.674 $843,750
Operating Expense Ratio Estimate 51.7% 32.0% 36.1% 41.9% 32.3%
Operating Expenses' ($6.903.123) ($3,638.995) ($2.400,520) ($1.516.158) ($272,830)
Pre-Tax Income $6.445.752 $7.737.711 $4.252.782 $2.103.516 $570,920
Adjustments $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Adjusted Pre-Tax Income $6.445.752 $7,737.711 $4,252,782 $2.103.516 $570,920
Tax Rate 42% 42% 42% 42% 42%
Tax $2.707,216 $3,249.839 $1.786,168 $883.477 $239,787
Net Income $3.738.536 $4,487.872 $2.466,614 $1.220.040 $331,134
Days 259 624 989 1.354 1.719
Present Value Factors 0.9407 0.8630 0.7918 0.7264 0.6664
Present Value $3.516.771 $3.873.081 $1,952.948 $886,211 $220.668
Discount Rate: 9%
Sum of Present Values $10.449.679
Pass-through premium 15% $1.567.452
Aggregate Marketable Value of Invested Capital $12,017,131
Less: Outstanding Debt $0
Aggregate Marketable Value of Partners' Capital $12.017.131
Partner's Pro Rata Percentage 30.35% $3.647.199
Discount for Lack of Marketability 15% ($547.080)
Pro Rata. Fair Market Value of Partner's Capital $3.100.119
Pro Rata, Fair Market Value of Partner's Capital, rounded $3,100,000
'Based on projectans provided by management
EFTA00608483
EXHIBIT A-4
APOLLO MANAGEMENT VI. LP
DISCOUNTED FUTURE EARNINGS
AS OF APRIL 16, 2007
HISTORY PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Adjusted Invested Capital' 51.601.000.000 $6.802.600.000 $9.051.250.000 $8.479.508.333 $5.951.797.917 $1.200.000.000
Management Fees' 5120.175.978 $62.470.081 $61.660.872 $50.332.530 522.943.613
Transaction And Monitoring Fees' 5357.282.000 5144.000.000 $0 $0 $0
Broken Deal Fees' ($34.534.581) ($17.481.288) $0 $0 $0
LP Rebate' (S219.468.245) ($86.032.724) $0 $0 $0
Net Transaction and Monitoring Fees 5103.279.174 $40.485.988 $0 $0 $0
Total Management Fees and Net Transaction and Monitoring Fees $223.455.152 $102.956.069 $61.660.872 550.332.530 522.943.613
Operating Expense Ratio Estimate 27.8% 32.0% 36.1% 41.9% 32.3%
Operating Expenses' ($62.146.780) ($19.981.910) ($22.247.321) ($21,082.575) ($7.418.900)
Pre-Tax Income 5161.308.372 $82.974.158 $39.413.552 $29.249.955 515.524.713
Adjustments so $0 $0 $0 $0
Adjusted Pre-Tax Income 5161.308.372 $82.974.158 $39.413.552 $29.249.955 515.524.713
Tax Rate 42% 42% 42% 42% 42%
Less: Tax $67.749516 $34.849.147 $16.553.692 $12.284.981 $6.520.380
Net Income $93.558.856 $48.125.012 $22.859.860 $16.964.974 $9.004.334
Horizon Value (Gordon Growth Model)'
Days 259 624 989 1.354 1.719
Present Value Factors 1.0000 0.9407 0.8630 0.7918 0.7264 0.6664
Present Value $88.009.078 $41.532.390 $18.099.357 $12.322.995 $6.000.510
Discount Rate: 9%
Sum of Present Values $165.964.329
Pass-through premium 15% $24.894.649
Aggregate Marketable Value of Invested Capital $190,858,978
Less: Outstanding Debt 50
Aggregate Marketable Value of Partners' Capital $190.858.978
Partners Pro Rata Percentage 30.35% $57.925.700
Discount for Lack of Marketability 15% ($8.688.855)
Pro Rata. Fair Market Value of Partners Capital $49.236.845
Pro Rata, Fair Market Value of Partner's Capital $49,200,000
'Based 0° P'Abbb0b$ 0,o✓V?d by bytibabeentrn!
EFTA00608484
EXHIBIT A-5
APOLLO INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT. LP
DISCOUNTED FUTURE EARNINGS
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
HISTORY PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HORIZON
Assets Under Management (June 30) $2.600.000.000 $3.450.000.000 $4.300.000.000 $5.150.000.000 $6.000.000.000
Assets Under Management (December 31) 52.175.000.000 $3.025.000.000 $3.875.000.000 $4.725.000.000 $5.575.000.000 56.425.000.000
Leverage 33.0%
Unleveraged Assets Under Management (June 30) 51.954.1387218 52.596.984.962 $3.233.082.707 $3.872.180.451 54.511.278.195
Management Fees 2.0% $52.000.000 569.000.000 $136.000.000 5103.000.000 5120.000.000
Yield on assets 12.0% 5312.000.000 5414.000.000 $516.000.000 5618.000.000 5720.000.000
Other expense G8A ($1.000.000) ($2.000.000) (53.000.000) (54.000.000) ($5.000.000)
Cost of debt 6.4% (541287218) (554.784.962) (568.282,707) (581.780.451) (595.278.195)
Gross carry 20.0% 543.542.556 $57.643.008 571.743.459 585.843.910 $99.944,361 599.944.361
Management Fees 552.000.000 569.000.000 586.000.000 5103.000.000 5120.000.000 5120.000.000
Total Fees 595.542.556 $126.643.008 $157.743.459 5188.843.910 $219.944,361 5219.944.361
45% 45% 45% 45% 45% 45%
Less: Operating Expenses 1542,994.1501 ($56,989,353) (570.984.556) ($84,979,759) (598,974.962) (598.974,9621
Pre-Tax Income $52.548.406 569.653.654 586.758.902 $103.864.150 5120.969.398 5120.969.398
Adjustment
Adjusted Pre-Tax Income 552.548.406 569.653.654 $86.758.902 $103,864,150 $120,969,398 5120.969.398
Tax Rate 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42%
Tax (22.070.331) (29.254.535) (36.438.739) (43.622.943) (50.807.147) (50.807.147)
Net Income $30,478,075 540.399.119 $50.320.163 $60,241,207 $70,162,251 $70.162,251
Horizon Value (Gordon Growth Model)' $1.032.387.409
Discount Rate: 10.0%
Long-Term Growth Rate: 3.0%
Days 259 624 989 1,354 1.719 1,719
Present Value Factors 0.9346 0.8496 0.7724 0.7022 0.6383 0.6383
Present Value $28.484.969 534.324.753 538.867.345 542.300,336 $44,787,929 5659.022380
Sum of Present Values 2007 Multiples
Aggregate Fully Marketable Minority Interest 5847.787.711 % of AUM MVIC/Rev MVIC/Op Inc
Pass-through premium 20.0% 5169.557.542 52.600.000.000 $95.542.556 552.548.406
Aggregate Marketable Value of Invested Capital $1,017,345,253 39.13% 10.6 19.4
Less: Outstanding Debt 50
Aggregate Marketable Value of Partners' Capital $1.017.345253
Partners Pro Rata Percentage 23.90% 5243.145.515
Discount for Lack of Marketability 15% (536.471.827)
Pro Rata. Fair Markel Value of Partners Capital $206.673.688
Pro Rata. Fair Market Value of Partner's Capital 5206.700.000
• Gordon Growth Model (Horizon Net Income x +growth rale) (capitalization rate + extra risk)]
EFTA00608485
EXHIBIT A-6
APOLLO VIF MANAGEMENT, LP
DISCOUNTED FUTURE EARNINGS
AS OF APRIL 16, 2007
HISTORY PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HORIZON
Assets Under Management
Gass A Assets (VIF) $456.000.000 $600.000.000 3663.000.000 3732.615.000 $809.539.575 $894.541,230
Management Fees t.5% $9.030.000 $9.945.000 310.989225 $12.143,094 $13.418.118 $13,418.118
Operating Expense Ratio Estimate 45% 45% 45% 45% 45% 45%
Operating Expenses (84.050.000) ($4.475.250) ($4.945,151) ($5.464,392) ($6.038.153) (56,038.153)
Pm-Tax Income $4.950.000 $5.469.750 $6.044,074 $6.678,701 $7.379.965 37,379.965
Adjustments $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
Adjusted Pre-Tax Income $4.950.000 $5.469.750 $6.044,074 $6.678,70t $7.379.965 37,379.965
Tax Rate 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42%
Tax ($2.079.000) ($2,297.295) ($2.538,511) ($2.805,055) ($3.099.585) ($3,099.585)
Net Income $2.871.000 $3.172.455 $3.505,563 $3.873,647 $4.280.380 34,280.380
Horizon Value (Gordon Growth Mode0' $62.982.731
Days 259 624 989 1.354 1.719 1.719
Present Value Factors 0.9346 0.8496 0.7724 0.7022 0.6383 0.6383
Present Value $2.683.252 $2.695.448 $2.707,700 $2.720,008 $2.732.372 $40204.897
Discount Rate: 10%
Long-term growth rate: 3%
Sum of Present Values 353.743.677 2007 Multiples
Pass-thru Premium 20% $10.748.735 %ol AUM MVIC+Rev MVICIOp Inc
Aggregate Marketable Value of Invested Capital $64,492,412 $600.000.000 $9.000.000 $4.950.000
Less: Outstanding Debt SO 0.75% 7.2 13.0
Aggregate Marketable Value of Partners' Capital $64.492.412
Penner's Pro Rata Percentage 26.90% 317.348.459
Discount for Lack ol Marketability 15% (52.602.269)
Pro Rata. Fair Market Value ol Partner's Capital 514.746.190
Pro Rata, Fair Market Value of Partner's Capital, rounded $14,700,000
Based on managemccePtcfatans
EFTA00608486
EXHIBIT A-7
APOLLO SVF MANAGEMENT. LP
DISCOUNTED FUTURE EARNINGS
AS OF APRIL 16, 2007
HISTORY PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HORIZON
Assets Under Management SVF' $600,000.000 $1.000.000.000 $1,537.000.000 $1.797.385,000 $2.090860.425 32.451.383.770
Assets Under Management SOMA' $400000.000 $400.000.000 $600.000.000 5800.000.000 $1.000.003.000 $1.205.000.000
Management Fees-SVF" 2.0% $19.625.000 529.640.000 $34.682,700 $40,544.459 $47,354.713 547.354.713
Management Fees SOMA 1.6% $3.400.000 $7.600.000 $10.805.000 513,300.000 515.800.000 $15,800.000
Total Management Fees $23.025.000 $37.240.000 $45.482.700 $53,844.459 $63.154.713 $63.154.713
Operating Expense Ratio Estimate 45% 45% 45% 45% 45% 45%
Operating Expenses 410361.2SO) (M57584031 ($20.467215) (324.230.006) ($28.419.621) ($28A19.621)
Pre-Tax Income $12.663.750 $20.482.000 $25.015.485 $29,614.452 $34.735.092 $34.735.092
Adjustment 30 $o $0 $0 $0 $0
Adjusted Pre-Tax Income $12.663.750 $20.482.00) $25.015.485 $29,614.452 $34.735.092 $34.735.092
Tax Rate 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42%
Tax (35.318.775) ($8.602.440) (310.506.504) (312.438.070) ($14.588.739) ($14,588.739)
Net Income $7344.975 $11.879560 $14.508.981 317.176.382 320.146.353 $20,146.353
Horizon Value (Gordon Growth Model' $296.439.200
Days 0 259 624 989 1354 1.719 1.719
Present Value Factors 1.0000 0.9346 0.8496 0.7724 0.7022 0.6383 0.6383
Present Value $6.864.652 $10.093.363 311.206.752 $12,060.959 $12.860.383 $189231.354
Discount Rate: 10%
Long-Term Growth 3%
Sum of Present Values $242,317.463 2007 Multiples
Pass.tivu Premium 15% 336.347.619 % of AUM MVIC1Rev MVICOp Inc
Aggregate Marketable Value of Invested Capital 3278.665.082 51.000.000.000 $23.025.000 312.663.750
Less: Outstanding Debt $0 27.9% 12.1 22.0
Aggregate Marketable Value of Partners' Capoal 3278.665.082
Penner's Pro Rata Percentage 44% $122,612.636
Discount for Lack of Marketability 15% ($18.391.895)
Pro Rata. Fair Market Value of Partners Capital $104220.741
Pro Rata. Fair Market Value of Partner's Capital. rounded 3104.200.000
t$SedOn Aingemeni Pr01, 00m. mom,' soma
"IilorrAng m 2008 Manapomon lavocts assets *0 aka be domed/tom Lass Bassets. whth hat* a maw.,...% leo of 1.75%
EFTA00608487
EXHIBIT A-8
APOLLO SVF ADVISORS, LP
DISCOUNTED FUTURE EARNINGS
AS OF APRIL 16, 2007
History Projected Projected Projected Projected Projected
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HORIZON
Assets Under Management (June 30) $600.000.000 $1.000,000.000 $1.537,000.000 $1.797.385.000 $2.099.960.425 $2.451.383.770
Growth in Assets 66.7% 53.7% 16.9% 16.8% 16.7%
Management fees (Dec. 31. for calculation of gross carry) 2.00% (a) $19.625.000 $29.640.000 $34.682.700 540.544.459 $47.354,713
Yield on assets 15.00% (b) $142.968.750 5189,051.000 $244.522.507 $360.236.500 $344.846,049
Fund Expenses 0.30% (c) ($2.482.759) ($4.136.250) ($4.644.806) (55.217.898) (55.863.973)
Nel Fund Profits (d.-a+b+c) $120.860.991 $155274.750 $205.195.001 $314.474.143 $291.627.363
Gross carry (i.e. Revenue) 20.00% $24.172.198 $31,054.950 $41.039.000 562.894.829 $58.325,473 558.325.473
Operating Expense Ratio 45% 45% 45% 45% 45% 45%
Operating Expenses ($10.877.489) (513.974.728) ($18.467.550) ($28.302.673) (526.246.463) (526.246.463)
$13.294.709 $17.080.223 $22.571.450 534.592.156 532.079.010 $32.079.010
Adjustment
Adjusted Pre-Tax Income $13.294.709 $17.080.223 $22.571.450 534.592.156 532.079,010 532.079.010
Tax Rate 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42%
Tax ($5.583.778) (57.173.693) (59.480.009) (514.528.705) (613.473.184) ($13.473.184)
Nel Income 57.710.931 59.906.529 $13.091.441 520.063.450 518.605.826 $18.605.826
Horizon Value (Gordon Growth Model)' 5136.885.718
Discount Rate: 17%
Long-term growth rate: 3%
Days 259 624 989 1.354 1,719 1.719
Present Value Factors 1.0000 0.8946 0.7646 0.6535 0.5585 0.4774 0.4774
Present Value 6,6.897.995 57.574.461 $8.555.232 511.206.348 $8.882221 565.347.767
Sum of Present Values
Aggregate Value B/Adjustments 5108.464.023 2007 Multiples
Pass-through premium 15% $16.269.604 %of AUM MVICiRev MVIC1Op Inc
Aggregate Marketable Value of Invested Capital $124,733,627 $1.000.000,000 $24.172,198 513,294.709
Less: Outstanding Debt $0 12.5% 5.2 9.4
Aggregate Marketable Value of Partners' Capital $124.733.627
Partners Pro Rata Percentage 44% $54.882.796
Discount for Lack of Markelability 20% ($10.976.559)
Pro Rata. Fair Market Value of Partner's Capital 543.906.237
Pro Rata, Fair Market Value of Partner's Capital, rounded $43,900,000
Note. ApaYo SVF Athasoes. LP clef not recwre carried micros!zncome from the SVF prig &I June I. 2007. Cam& intros, income was prelioupy meowed by Ape& SVF Management. LP
Yield on assets is for Class A. Class 8 assets will begin in 2008 and anticipate 20% yield. Projections provided by Management
EFTA00608488
EXHIBIT A-9
APOLLO ASIA MANAGEMENT, .
DISCOUNTED FUTURE EARNINGS
AS OF APRIL 16, 2007
History Projected Projected Projected Projected Projected
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HORIZON
Assets Under Management (June 307 $200,000.000 $300.000.000 $360,000,000 $432,000.000 $518.400.000 $622.080.o®
Growth in Assets 50.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0%
Assets Under Management (December 317 $330.000.000 $396,000,000 $475.200.000 $570.240.000 $684,288.000
Leverage 33%
Unleveraged Assets Under Management (June 30) $225.563.910 $270,676,692 $324,812.030 $389.774.436 $467.729.323
Management fees 1.50% $4.500.000 $5.400.000 $6.480.000 $7,776.000 $9.331.200 $9.331.200
Operating Expense Ratio' 45% 45% 45% 45% 45% 45%
Operating Expenses ($2,025,000) ($2.430.000) ($2.916.000) ($3.499.200) ($4.199.040) ($4.199.040)
$2.475.000 $2,970,000 $3,564,000 $4,276,800 $5.132.160 $5,132,160
Adjustment
Adjusted Pre-Tax Income $2.475.000 $2.970.000 $3,564,000 $4,276,800 $5.132.160 $5.132.160
Tax Rate 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42%
Tax ($1,039,500) ($1.247.400) ($1496.880) ($1.796.256) ($2.155.507) ($2.155.507)
Net Income $1.435.500 $1.722.600 $2.067.120 $2,480.544 $2.976.653 $2.976.653
Horizon Value (Gordon Growth Modell 47,397.472
Discount Rate: 10%
Long-term growth rale: 3.5%
Days 259 624 989 1.354 1.719 1,719
Present Value Factors 0.9346 0.8496 0.7724 0.7022 0.6383 0.6383
Present Value 1,341,626 1,463.592 1.596.646 1.741.795 1.900.140 30.256.078
Sum of Present Values $38,299,877 2007 Multiples
Pass-through premium 15% $5.744.982 of AUM MVIORev MVIC?Op Inc
Aggregate Marketable Value of Invested Capital $44,044,859 $300.000.000 $4.500.000 $2.475.000
Less: Outstanding Debt $0 14.7% 9.8 17.8
Aggregate Marketable Value of Partners' Capital $44,044,859
Par1ner's Pro Rata Percentage 44% $19,379,738
Discount for Lack of Marketability 20% ($3,875,948)
Pro Rata, Fair Market Value of Partners Capital $15,503,790
Pro Rata, Fair Market Value of Partner's Capital, rounded $15,500,000
•Based on managemeni prcmcconz prime* to &neve
- Got Growth Model: Horizon Value -(horizon net income • ry . leng•tmm woe*, rele))/ (discount rate- tong-term growth late)
EFTA00608489
EXHIBIT A-10
APOLLO ASIA ADVISORS, LP
DISCOUNTED FUTURE EARNINGS
AS OF APRIL 16, 2007
History Projected Projected Projected Projected Projected
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HORIZON
Assets Under Management (June 30) $203.000.000 5300.000.000 8360.000.000 5432.000.000 $518.400.000 $622.080.000
Growth in Assets 50.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0%
Assets Under Management (Dec. 31) 5330.000.000 5396,000.000 $475,200.000 $570,240,000 $684.288.000
Leverage 33%
Unleveraged Assets Undermanagemeni 5150.375.940 5225.563.910 $270.676.692 $324.812.030 $389.774.436 $467.729323
Management fees (Dec. 31, for calculation of Gross Carry) 1.50% (a) $4.500.000 $5.400.000 $6.480.000 57.776.000 59.331.200
Yield on assets 15.00% (b) 545.000.000 $54.000.000 564.800.000 $77.760.000 $93.312,000
Fund Expenses 0.25% (c) ($750.000) (5900.000) (51.080.000) (51.296.000) (51.555200)
Cost of Debt 6.40% (d) ($4.763.910) ($5.716.692) ($6.860.030) (58.232.036) (59.878.443)
Net Fund Profits (e a= -a .b+c+o $34.986.090 $41.983.308 $50.379.970 $60.455.964 $72.547.157
Gross carry (i.e. Revenue) 20.00% $6.997.218 58.396.662 $10.075.994 $12.091.193 $14.509.431 514.509.431
Operating Expense Ratio 45% 45% 45% 45% 45% 45%
Operating Expenses ($3.148.748) ($3.778.498) ($4.534.197) (55.441.037) (S6.529.244) ($6.529.244)
$3.848.470 $4.618.164 $5,541.797 56.650.156 57.980.187 $7.980.187
Adjustment
Adjusted Pre-Tax Income $3.848.470 $4.618.164 $5,541.797 56.650.156 57.980.187 87.980.187
Tax Rate 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42%
Tax ($1.616.357) ($1.939.629) ($2.327.555) (52.793.066) (S3.351.679) ($3.351.679)
Net Income $2232.113 $2.678.535 $3.214242 33.857.090 54.628.509 $4.628.509
Horizon Value (Gordon Growth Model)' S35.485.233
Discount Rate: 17%
Long-term growth rate: 4%
Days 259 624 989 1.354 1.719 1.719
Present Value Factors 1.0000 0.8946 0.7646 0.6535 0.5585 0.4774 0.4774
Present Value $1.996.789 $2.047.989 $2.100.501 52.154.360 52.209.600 S16.940.268
Sum of Present Values
Aggregate Value BtAdjustments $27.449.507 2007 Multiples
Pass-through premium 15% $4.117.426 % of AUM MVICIRev MVICfOp Inc
Aggregate Marketable Value of Invested Capital 531.586,933 $300.000.000 $6.997.218 33.848.470
Less: Outstanding Debt ao 10.5% 4.5 8.2
Aggregate Marketable Value of Partners Capital $31.566.933
Partner's Pro Rata Percentage 44% $13.889.450
Discount for Lack of Marketability 20% ($2.777.890)
Pro Rata. Fair Markel Value of Partner's Capital $11.111.560
Pro Rata, Fair Market Value of Partner's Capital. rounded $11.100,000
Note Aock,SVFA:Msols. LP MeV WO** caned inOweslotrime rfcvn the SVFpm, to M'* f. 2007 Gamed .orefeal louvrewas pienOtO rOCO 0/A0000 SW MINdfltVrOnt LP
Yield on assets is for Class A. Class B assets will begin in 2008 and anticipate 20% yield. Projections provided by Management
EFTA00608490
EXHIBIT A-11
APOLLO EUROPE MANAGEMENT, LP
DISCOUNTED FUTURE EARNINGS
AS OF APRIL 16, 2007
HISTORY PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HORIZON
Assets Under Management (June 30)' 5250.000.000 $500.000.000 $1.000.000.000 $1.500.000.000 $2.000.000.000 $2.500.000.000
Assets Under Management (December sly $750.000.000 31250.000.000 31,750,000.000 $2.250.000.000 $2.750.000.000
Leverage 50.0%
Unleveraged Assets Under Management (June 30) $333.333333 $666.666.667 $1,000.000.000 $1.333.333.333 $1.666.666.667
Management Fee 2.0% 310.000.000 320.000.000 330.000.000 $40.000.000 $50.000.000 $50,000.000
Yield on assets' 12.0% $312.000.000 $414.000.000 $516.000.000 $618.000.000 $720.000.000
Other expense G8A ($1.000.000) ($2.000.000) (33.000.000) ($4.000.000) ($5.000.000)
Cost of debt 6.4% ($41.287.218) (354.784.962) (368.282.707) ($81.780.451) (395.278.195)
Gross carry' 20.0% 343.542.556 357.643.008 $71.743.459 $85.843.910 $99$44.361 $99.944.361
Total Revenues $53.542.556 377.643.008 $101.743.459 $125.843.910 $149$44.361 $149.944.361
Operating Expenses 45.0% (324.094.150) (334.939.353) (345.784.556) (356.629.759) (367.474.962) ($67,474.962)
Adjustments
Adjusted Pre-Tax Income $29.448.406 342.703.654 355.958.902 $69.214.150 382.469.398 $82,469.398
Tax Rate 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42%
Tax (312.368.331) (317.935.535) (323.502.739) (329.069.943) ($34.637.t47) (S34,637.147)
Net Income 317.080.075 $24.768.t19 $32.456.t63 340.144.207 347.832.251 $47,832.251
Horizon Value (Gordon Growth Model)" $521,119.789
Days 259 624 989 1.354 1.719 t.719
Present Value Factors t.0000 0.9169 0.8114 0.7t81 0.6355 0.5624 0.5624
Present Value 315.661.231 320.097.901 323.306.465 325.510.776 326.899.435 $293,062.270
Discount Rate: 13%
Long-term growth rate: 4%
Sum of Present Values
Aggregate Value 8/Adjustments $404.538.079 2007 Multiples
Pass-thru Premium 15% 360.680.712 % of AUM MVICRev MVICCip Inc
Aggregate Marketable Value of Invested Capital 3465,218.791 3500.000.000 $53,542.556 $29,448.406
Less:Outstanding Debt so 93.0% 8.7 15.8
Aggregate Marketable Value of Partners' Captal $465.2t8.791
Partners Pro Rata Percentage 44% 3204.696.268
Discount for Ladc of Marketability 20% (340.939.254)
Pro Rata. Fair Market Value of Partners Capital 3163.757.015
Pro Rata, Fair Market Value of Partner's Capital, rounded 3163,800.000
'easedan pvioczons suppOedby man-waxy
" Cordon G'cwt Model ['Ammo Nc( income x (r.growtn Mscount ,wm waste, rang
EFTA00608491
EXHIBIT A-12
APOLLO ALTERNATIVE ASSETS, LP
DISCOUNTED FUTURE EARNINGS
AS OF APRIL 16, 2007
HISTORY PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HORIZON
New invested capital 3231.000,000 3770.368,571 3564.465,714 3580.360,000 $580.360.000 $609,645,714
New leverage $80.302,857 3141.116,429 3145.090,000 $145.090.000 $152.411.429
New invested capital with leverage $0 $0 $0 30 $0
Total invested capital 3893.782,857 31.445.731,298 31.962.480,778 $2,341.103.529 $2,507.378.436
Total invested capital with leverage 3974.085,714 $1.664.576,228 32.313.333295 32.795.555.893 33,023,056.680
Assets Under Management (June 30) 3231.000.000 $601.020,465 31.594.323,126 $2,678.781.562 $3,679.792.173
Assets Under Management (December 31) 8259.733.769 31.113.316,803 32.151.410265 33267.252.327 $3,967.234.268
Management Fees 1.25% $6.648,045 $21.897,253 336.093,321 349.684.206 357.093.006 $57,093.006
Transactions Fees $46.106,774 $37.332,471 338,422,108 338.293284 340.447.050 $40,447.050
Total Fees 52.754,819 59.229,723 74.515,429 87.977.491 97.540.056 97,540.056
Operating Expense Ratio Estimate 45% 45% 45% 45% 45% 45%
Operating Expenses ($23.739.668) (926.653,375) (333.531.943) 1339.589.871) 1343.893.025) ($43.893.025)
Pre-Tax Income $29.015.150 $32.576.348 $40,983,486 $48.387.620 $53.647.031 $53,647,031
Adjustment 30 30 30 30 30 $0
Adjusted Pre-Tax Income $29.015.150 $32.576,348 $40.983,486 $48.387.620 $53.647.031 $53,647.031
Tax Rate 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42%
Tax ($12.186.363) (313.682.066) (317.213.064) (320.322.800) 1322.531.753) ($22.531.753)
Net Income $16.828,787 $18.894,282 $23.770,422 $28.064.820 $31.115.278 $31,115.278
Horizon Value (Gordon Growth Model)* $359,554,321
Discount Rate: 13%
Long-Term Growth 4.0%
Days 259 624 989 1.354 1.719 1.719
Present Value Factors 0.9169 0.8114 0.718t 0.6355 0.5624 0.5624
Present Value $75.430,818 $15.331,621 317,069,316 317.834.586 317.498.307 $202.202.656
Sum of Present Values 3285.367.304 2007 Multiples
Pass.thru Premium 20% $57.073.461 %of AUM MVICalev MVIC/Op Inc
Aggregate Marketable Value of Invested Capital $342,440,764 $231.000 $6.648,045 329.015.150
Less: Outstanding Debt 148.24% 51.5 11.8
3342.440.764
Partner's Pro Rata Percentage 44% 3150.673.936
Discount for Lack of Marketabiity 20% ($30.134.787)
Pro Rata. Fair Market Parther's Capital 3120.539.149
Pro Rata. Fair Market Partner's Capital, rounded 3120.500,000
• Gordon Growth Model (Horizon Net Income x (li.growth rate) /(capitalization rate extra risk)]
EFTA00608492
ECHIBIT A•13
APOLLO MANAGEMENT VII. LP
DISCOUNTED FUTURE EARNINGS
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Arhusled Invested Capital' 30 $2.539.075.000 $7.817.225.000 512.695.375.000 515.234.450.000 $12.695.375.000 37.617225.000 32.539.075.000
IAanagemenl Fees' 30 $175240.000 $175.000.000 1175.000.030 3111.186298 3104.237.154 $69491 436 $32.429.337
Transaceon And Mongering Fees' 30 $152344.500 1304.689.000 1304.689.000 3152.344.500 SO SO $0
Broken Deal Fees' 30 (3175 355 17) (335.734.243) ($364136.009) rg1t6,83250 $0 SO $0
LP Rebate' $0 y391569,8361 ($m3,889.235) ($182,276,0041 (390,9032461 $0 $0 $0
Net Transaceon and Mongering Fees 30 343.138.747 $88.065522 $85.776.957 142.777.998 $0 $0 $0
Total Management Fees and Nel Transaction and Mongering Fees 30 5218,138,747 $261.065.522 $260.776.957 3153.964.296 5104.237.154 $69.491.438 $32.429.337
°gaming Expense Rao Eslimale 0.0% 32.0% 38.1% 41.9% 32.3% 32.3% 32.3% 32.3%
Operaing Expenses' SO ($55.976.144) (122.470207) (910.486,143)
Pre-Tax Income $0 1162.162.602 r 197.
63 925
140.22
301) LS73
187.3
47°1
5.5
42 115
$538.9
0151
Z.4
89
00
5) (63
170
3:Th
535'
11Z $47,021,129 $21.943.184
Adruslments SO $0 $0 SO SO SO SO S0
Adrusled Pre Tax Income 30 1162.162.602 1197.925.301 1187.475.445 5118.011.805 $70.531.694 $47,021,129 $21.943.104
Tax Rate 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42%
Less: Tax SO 368,108.293 $03.128.627 $78.739.687 149.584.958 $29,623.312 119.748.874 $9218.141
Net Income SO 594,054,309 1114,796.675 1108.735.758 588.446.847 $40.908.383 $27272255 312.727.052
Horizon Value (Gordon Growlh Model)'
Days 259 624 989 1.354 1.719 2.084 2.449 2.814
Present Value Factors 1.0000 0.9346 0.8496 0.7724 0.7022 0.8383 0.5803 0.5278 0.4796
Present Value 30 379,912,408 $48.669.088 376.352.372 143.692.904 f23.739.802 514.387.759 36.103.898
Discount Rate: 10%
Sum of Present Values $332,858,210
Pass-through premium 15% 549.928,731
Aggregate Marketable Value of Invested Capital $382.788.941
Lees Out:rand ng Debi 30
Aggregate Marketable Value of Pawners' Capital 9382.788.941
Pawners Pro Rata Percentage 30.35% 5116.175.837
Dscount lot Lack of Markelabilty 20% 1323235.16
Pro Rata, Fair Market Value of Partner's Capital $92.940.669
Pro Rata. Fait Markel Value of Partner's Capital 392.900,000
mh^AZ4,,,e
EFTA00608493
EXHIBIT A-10
SUMMARY OF DISCOUNTED FUTURE CASH FLOWS
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
PROJECTED CASH FLOWS
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Anlidpated carried interest Iron, AIF VII .." 30 30 $0 SO SO $725.895.845 51,446,838.344 $1.440.764.646 $718.923.033
Pro Fiala Share of MV VII Direct kUerest Profit $0 30 $0 SO $0 $90.738.981 5180.854.793 $180.095.581 $89.845.375
Aggregate Tax&le Cash Flaws $0 30 SO 30 $0 5816.632.826 51.827.693.137 51.620.860.227 5808.788.378
Less. Operating Expenses 45% $0 30 $0 EO 50 (£367A84.772) ($732.461.912) (5729.387.102) (S36%954.770)
Operating Income $0 30 SO EO 50 $449.108,050 3895231.226 5891.173.125 5444.833.608
Less. Tax 42% $0 30 SO EO 50 (5188.642.183) (5375.997.115) (5374.418.712) ($186,830,115)
Met-Tax Cash Flows SO 30 SO 30 50 $260.505.871 $519234.111 5517.054.412 5258.003.493
Discount Rale 18%
Days 259 624 989 1.354 1.719 2.084 2.449 2.814 3.179
Present Value Factors 04 0.8892 0.7535 0.6386 0.5412 0.4586 0.3887 0.3294 0.2791 0.2366
Present Value of Alter-Tax Cash Flows re ••• $0 30 50 30 50 $101.251.344 3171.026.925 5144.329.635 361.032.736
Sum of Present Value of After-Tax Cash Flows td • nAa $477.640340
Pass-through premium 15% pl 171.646096
Aggregate Marketable Carried Interest and Investment Return Value =s.0) 3509286,736
Pro Fiala Share of MV VII Deployment and Return of Caput] "•' Cal $0 ($53.076,875) (5128.953.750) ($126.953.750) ($83.476%75) $53476875 $126.953.750 5/28.953.750 $63.478,875
Present Value of Return of Capital the a xb) 30 (347.832.315) ($81.072.737) ($68.703 702) (3:29.112.589) 624.671.685 $41.816.416 535.437.640 $15.015.949
Aggregate Marketable Value of Return of Capital 0= sum MI6 (5109.7,32.259)
Aggregate Marketable Value of Invested Capital g.I • 0 $439.504.477
Less. Debt Outslandng SO
Aggregate Marketable Value of Equity $439.504.477
Pro Rata. Partner interest 24.64% 5108.293.903
0660unl for Lath of Marketability 25% ($27.073,476)
Pro Rala. Fair Markel Value $81.220.427
Pro Rata, Fair Market Value, rounded $81.200,000
'AIF VII Apollo Investment Fund VII. LP
"See Page 2
"'See Page 3
""See Page 0
EFTA00608494
EXHIBIT A-15
APOLLO EPF MANAGEMENT, LP
DISCOUNTED FUTURE EARNINGS
AS OF APRIL 16, 2007
HISTORY PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT PROJECT
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HORIZON
Assets Under Management (June 30)' 50 5300.000,000 $360.000.000 $432.000.000 $518.400.000 5622,080.000
Growth in Assets NA 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0%
Assets Under Management (December 31)' 5330.000,000 $39$000300 $475.200.000 $570.240.000 $684.288.000
Leverage 33%
Unleveraged Assets Under Management (June 30) $225.563.910 $270,67$692 $324312030 5389,774.436 $467.729.323
Management fees 1.50% 54.500,000 $5.400300 $6.480.000 $7.776.000 59.331.200 $9,331.200
Operating Expense Ratio' 45% 45% 45% 45% 45% 45%
Operating Expenses (52.025,000) ($2.430300) (52.916.000) (53.499.200) ($4,199.040) ($4.199.040)
52.475.000 $2.970.000 $3.564.030 $4.276.800 $5.132.160 $5.132.160
Adjustment
Adjusted Pre-Tax Income $2.475.000 $2.970.000 $3.564.000 $4.27$803 $5.132.160 $5.132.160
Tax Rate 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42%
Tax ($1.039.500) ($1.247.400) ($1.496.880) ($1.796.256) ($2.15$507) ($2.155.507)
Nel Income $1.435.500 $1.722.600 $2.067.120 $2.480.544 $2.976.653 52.976.653
Horizon Value (Gordon Growth Model)' 34.396.877
Discount Rale: 13%
Long-term growth rate: 4%
Days 259 624 989 1.354 1.719 1.719
Present Value Factors 1.0000 0.9169 0.8114 0.7181 0.6355 0.5624 0.5624
Present Value 1.316,253 1.397.791 1,484.379 1.576.332 1.673.981 19.343.780
Sum of Present Values $2$792.516 2007 Multiples
Pass•through premium 15% 54.018.877 % of AUM MVID-Rev MVIC;Op Inc
Aggregate Marketable Value $30,811,394 $300.000.000 54.500.000 52.475.000
10.3% 6.8 12.4
Discount for Lack of Marketability 20% ($6.162.279)
Aggregate Fair Market Value $24,649,115
Partner's Pro Rata Percentage 44%
Pro Rata Fair Market Value $10,845,611
'Based on MaAVOTCYllprojeciiens provide to Empire
-.Gordon &oath Model: Horizon View - (hate nel income ' (7 , ong.:e m growth rate) / (discount tale bog-term growth owe)
EFTA00608495
EXHIBIT A-16
APOLLO EPF ADVISORS, LP
DISCOUNTED FUTURE EARNINGS
AS OF APRIL 16, 2007
History Projected Projected Projected Projected Projected
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HORIZON
Assets Under Management (June 30) $0 $300.000.000 $360.000.000 5432.000.000 3518.400.000 5622.080.000
Growth in Assets NA 20.0% 20.0% 20.0% 20.0%
Assets Under Management (Dec. 31) $330.000.000 5396.000.000 5475.200.000 3570.240.000 5684.288.000
Leverage 33%
Unleveraged Assets Undermanagement $225.563.910 3270.676.692 3324.812.030 5389.774.436 5467.729.323
Management fees (Dec. 31. for calculation of Gross Carry) 1.50% (a) 54.500.000 55.400.000 36.480.000 57.776.000 59.331.200
Vial on assets 15.00% (b) $45.000.000 354.000.000 564.800.000 577.760.000 593.312.000
Fund Expenses 0.25% (c) (5750.000) (5900.000) (51.080.000) (51.296.000) ($1.555200)
Cost of Debt 6.40% (d) ($4.763.910) (55.716.692) (36.860.030) ($8.232.036) ($9.878.443)
Net Fund Profits (e .. -a + b + c + d $34.986.090 $41.983308 550.379.970 560.455.964 572.547.157
Gross carry (i.e. Revenue) 20.00% 36.997.218 58.396.662 510.075.994 512.091.193 314.509.431 314.509.431
Operating Expense Ratio 45% 45% 45% 45% 45% 45%
Operating Expenses (53.148.748) (53.778.498) (54.534.197) ($5.441.037) ($6.529244) (56.529.244)
$3.848.470 54.618.164 $5.541.797 $6.650.156 $7.980.187 $7.980.187
Adjustment
Adjusted Pre-Tax Income 53.848.470 54.618.164 $5.541.797 $6.650.156 $7.980.187 $7.980.187
Tax Rate 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42%
Tax ($1.616.357) (51.939.629) ($2.327.555) ($2.793.066) ($3.351879) ($3.351.679)
Net Income 52.232.113 52.678.535 $3.214.242 $3.857.090 54.628.509 $4.628.509
Horizon Value (Gordon Growth Model)• $32.090.993
Discount Rate: 19%
Long-term growth rate: 4%
Days 259 624 989 1.354 1.719 1.719
Present Value Factors 1.0000 0.8839 0.7428 0.6242 0.5245 0.4408 0.4408
Present Value $1.972.917 51.989.496 $2.006.214 $2.023.073 $2.040.074 $14.144.513
Sum of Present Values 524.176.288 2007 Multiples
Pass-through premium 15% 53.626.443 % of AUM MVIC:Flev MVIO'Op Inc
Aggregate Marketable Value of Invested Capital 527,802.732 $300.000.000 56.997218 33.848,470
Less: Outstanding Debt SO 9.3% 4.0 7.2
Aggregate Marketable Value of Partners' Capital 527.802.732
Partners Pro Rata Percentage 44.00% 512.233.202
Discount for Lack of Marketability 20% (52.446.640)
Pro Rata. Fair Market Value of Partner's Capital 59.786.562
Pro Rata. Fair Market Value of Partner's Capital. rounded $9,800,000
Projections provided by Management
EFTA00608496
EXHIBIT A-17
APOLLO NEW FUND MANAGEMENT LP'S
DISCOUNTED FUTURE EARNINGS
AS OF APRIL 16, 2007
Projected Projected Projected Projected Projected
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HORIZON
Assets Under Management (June 30)* $0 $1.030.000.000 $1.673.500.000 $2.515.700.000 $3,107.652,500
Growth in Assets NA NA 62.5% 50.3% 23.5%
Assets Under Management (December 31)- $515.000.000 $1.351.750.000 $2.094.600.000 $2,811.676.250 $3.418.417.750
Leverage 33%
Unleveraged Assets Under Management (June 30) $0 $774.436.090 $1.258.270.677 $1.891.503.759 $2.336.580.827
Management fees 1.50% $0 $15.450.000 $25.102.500 $37.735.500 $46.614,788 $46.614.788
Operating Expense Ratio' 45% 45% 45% 45% 45% 45%
Operating Expenses $0 ($6.95Z500) ($11,296.125) (516,980.975) ($20,976.654) ($20.976.654)
$0 $8.497.500 $11806375 $20.754.525 $25.638.133 $25.638,133
Adjustment
Adjusted Pre•Tax Income $0 $8.497.500 $11806375 $20.754.525 $25.638.133 $25.638.133
Tax Rate 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42%
Tax $0 ($3.568.950) ($5.798.678) (S8.716.901) ($10.768.016) ($10.768.016)
Net Income $0 $4.928.550 $8.007.698 $12.037.625 $14.870.117 $14.870.117
Horizon Value (Gordon Growth Model)- 154.649.219
Discount Rate: 14%
Longterm growth rate: 4%
Days 259 624 989 1.354 1.719 1.719
Present Value Factors 0.9112 0.7993 0.7012 0.6150 0.5395 0.5395
Present Value 0 3.939.447 5.614.601 7.403.672 8.022.615 83.435.191
Sum of Present Values $108.415,526 2008 Multiples
Pass•through premium 15% $16.262,329 % of AUM MVIC/Rev MVIC/Op Inc
Aggregate Marketable Value $124,677,855 $1.030.000.000 $15.450.000 $8.497.500
12.1% 8.1 14.7
Discount for Lath of Marketability 20% ($24/35,571)
Aggregate Fair Market Value $91742284
Partner's Pro Rata Percentage 44%
Pro Rata Falr Market Value $43.886.605
Based on management projections pow* to Error&
- Gordon Growth Model. Horizon Vahie - (horizon net income • (1 • long•renn pawl) rate)) /(Scowl rate long-term growth rate)
EFTA00608497
EXHIBIT A-18
APOLLO NEW FUNDS ADVISORS LP'S
DISCOUNTED FUTURE EARNINGS
AS OF APRIL 16, 2007
Projected Projected Projected Projected Projected
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 HORIZON
Assets Under Management (June 30) SO $1,030,000,000 51,673,500.000 $2.515,700.000 $3.107,652.500
Growth in Assets NA NA 62.5% 50.3% 23.5%
Assets Under Management (Dec. 31) $515,000,000 $1,351,750,000 52,094,600.000 52,811,676.250 $3.418,417.750
Leverage 33%
Unleveraged Assets Undermanagement $0 5774.436.090 51,258270.677 31.891.503.759 $2.336,580,827
Management fees (Dec. 31. for calculation of Gross Carry) 1.50% (a) SO 515.450,000 $25.102,500 $37.735.500 $46,614.788
Vial on assets 15.00% (b) $0 3154.500,000 5251.025.000 5377,355.000 $466,147.875
Fund Expenses 0.25% (c) $0 (32.575.000) ($4.183.750) ($6.289,250) (37,769.131)
Cost ol Debt 6.40% (d) 30 (316.356.090) ($26.574.677) ($39.948.559) ($49,348.587)
Net Fund Profits (e.-a.b+c+d) $0 $120,118,910 5195.164.073 5293,381.691 $362,415.369
Gross carry (i.e. Revenue) 20.00% SO 524.023.782 $39.032,815 $58.676.338 372,483.074 $72.483.074
Operating Expense Ratio 45% 45% 45% 45% 45% 45%
Operating Expenses SO (310.810.702) (317.564.767) (326.404.352) ($32,617.383) ($32.617.383)
SO 513.213.080 321.468.048 $32.271.986 $39,865.691 $39.865.691
Adjustment
Adjusted Pre-Tax Income SO 313.213.080 $21.468.048 $32.271.986 $39,865.691 $39.865.691
Tax Rate 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42%
Tax 30 ($5.549.494) (39.016.580) (313.554.234) (316,743.590) (316.743.590)
Net Income 30 $7.663.586 312.451.468 $18.717.752 $23.122.101 $23.122.101
Horizon Value (Gordon Growth Model)' $133.594.359
Discount Rate: 22%
Long-term growth rate: 4%
Days 259 624 989 1.354 1.719 1.719
Present Value Factors 1.0000 0.8684 0.7118 0.5834 0.4782 0.3920 0.3920
Present Value SO $5.454.968 $7264.754 $8.951,467 $9,063.751 $52.368.340
Sum ol Present Values $83,103,280 2008 Multiples
Pass-through premium 15% 312.465.492 % of AUM MVIC/Rev MVIC/Cp Inc
Aggregate Marketable Value of Invested Capital $95,368.772 51,030,000.000 $24,023.782 $13,213,080
Less: Outstanding Debt SO 9.3% 4.0 7.2
Aggregate Marketable Value of Partners' Capital $95.568.772
Partners Pro Rata Percentage 44.00% 342.050.260
Discount for Lack of Marketability 20% (38.410,052)
Pro Rata. Fair Market Value of Partners Capaal 333.640,208
Pro Rata, Fair Market Value of Partner's Capital, rounded $33,600,000
EFTA00608498
EXHIBIT B-1
APOLLO MANAGEMENT COMPANIES
BUILD APPROACH EOUITY RATE
MANAGEMENT FEE CASH FLOWS
AS OF APRIL 16, 2007
Risk•free Rate (20 years) 4.98%
Equity Risk Premium 6.00%
Size Premium (Beta Adjusted) 1.03% Defile 4
Build-up Equity Rate of Return 12.01%
EFTA00608499
EXHIBIT B-2
GUIDELINE COMPANY VALUATION - DESCRIPTIONS
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
COMPANY DESCRIPTION
B4Ckrock. Inc. EllaCkROCk IOC. operates a4 an inveeTient management sun in the linked Slates with S1.125 lake d aeSels under management as Of
December 31. 2006. Its investment management senreec pnrnanty consist al the active management ea fixed income. cash management
and cepty diem accounts the management of open.end and dosed.end mutual fundfannies. and alter non.Unted Stales coin-gent
retail preduCts serving me instftuMnal and reel manals. and the managenient Of eternalke fundSdeveroPed to Serve vairouS Wagoner
needs. It also eters rek management. inrostment Tatervi OASOurdng and Margie eiditegy Sr/APT to inututiOnal investors tater the
BlackFtock Sokilens bard name.
Eaton Vance Corp. Eaton Vance Corp. is PrnOPTY engaged in the tueneaS 01 inanarang Treadmill Fund and providing inveStMent management and
COwle9Ing SennCeS to rolgh-net.wOrth Individuate and 'ARNOW The COMperWS products and Services bade COMpany.SpOrvIOred
open-end and dosed end funds, pnvale funds br high.net.vorth and ristartional investors. retail managed accomls and separately
managed accounts la inslitubonal and h.gh-net.vorth investors. As of October 31.2006. Eaton Vance managed Slag bitten in assets.
The CCMPfiny conducts IN investment management butineSS through ItS (Nee whdly owned SuOtidianeS. Eaton Vance Management
(EWA/. SCOT Managernell and RetrolliCh (BUM and ES/On VanCe Investment Counsel (ETC). and CS three ;redly caned
sutatcliams: Manta Capital Management. LLO (Atlanta Capital]. Fox Asset Management LLC (Fox Awn Managomert i and Parametric
Franklin RIMOuribett, Int. Rankin Resources. IOC. IS an investment management company. Through M wroly Owned01*d and attired sutildaaaa. Franklin
Resources. Inc provides ilveStment management and lund admInierzeilen services to open•nd and ClOtiedend Investment Companies.
inslaubonal acooune. hohnet.morM latrines. indoduals and separate accounts in the tinted States and intanatonally. Frartdin
Resources. Inc. also provides investment management servo*: and other related services. including shareholder services. Pander
agency. twideMrang. delrbuten. Pat00181. truStee and other SCIPWy SerViCes In IN COmPaniS Secondly business and 00eraling
Segnient. baladnglinanCe. k provides Cleats Wit SSW (Mall banNng and consumer lending Services (rough tS bank StbSdadee.
Huveen Investments. Inc. Pitmen Investments. Inc is pnrnanty engaged n asset management and related research, as well as thedevelopment. markebng and
disInbution of investment products and services lot the affluent. hgh.nel.wcelh and irabtutenal market segments. Tureen Investment•
distritulee its Investment products and Services. Including ndMdualer managed SOCOunte Closed-end exchangebaded ItwidS and Open.
end mutual MUM to filbuent and highnet.vroolli mane segments trough unalnlated nterMedery lams. Tea/ding broker-dealers.
commercial banks. &float*: of insurance providers. financial planners. accountants. coradtants and investment adman. The company
also provides managed accounts and partnershps to several instilubonal market segments.
T. Rowe Pdce Group. Inc. T. Rowe Pace Group. Inc to a tnancial HMOS NAN COMM), Tat provide:, irriegMent advieby services to irdrAdtal and instatenal
Investors in to sponsored T. Rowe Pnce mutual kinds and other investment portfolios. The Company operates as nvestrnera advisory
bushes: through es subsidiary companies. pnmanly T. Rome Pnce Associates. Inc.. T. Rowe Price Internale...al Fume. Inc. and T. Rowe
Pnce Global Ineestmere Samoa: Limited
Legg Mason Inc. Legg Maten. Inc. IS a Geed asset managernent COvrgany. Acing trough alleubeldarieS. the Company prOrdes Investment
management and related Stmeeti 10 inablittnal and TOP/dual Cleats, cormany.sponsoed mutual haps end ether awe:pent vehicles
The Company oilers these products and services drectly aid Through various linanoa/ intermedianas. II dvides its besiness tea three
airmen:: Mutual Fundstdaroged &arose:. Instortional and Wealth Management. Wthn each of its camera. To Company prondas
se•ites TrOugh a number c4 asset managers. which are 'mimeo& businesses, each of ntoch is housed in One Or Mere Oaten
sdpioi area. Myth typicaty market Their PeduCts and ServiCeS under Tea cnn brand name. Curing me Mail year ended March 31.
2006. to Company scoured Parma, Group Ltd, a global funds.of.hodoe lunch manager. It MO exted from the nonasset management
ABNO Caput COW Ailed Capital Corporation is a bosom'sday:MB/Mena COMPany (BCC) engaged n the private Moly busness. The COOPany provide:,
long-term debt and froUb 03Pral Cdiranir IO private melee mango oompanies In a variety 01 00.40106 These imesanws are long-term
in nature and are privately negotiated. From bale to time, fl may rived in companies that aromatic tut lack access to addiscpal pubic
capital. It prmarly invests in the Arrencan entrepterounal economy. The Company does not provide seed or early.slage capital.
Harris & Karns Group Inc. Karns & Nana Group. Inc a venturocaptal company specialuang in tiny technology Tat operates as a beano= development
[orrery (BCC). The Companys amassment focuses to where capital appreomen by making vamp, caplal investments in early stage
companies. As a venue capital company, the Company invests in and melbas managerial assetance to is portion:, companies opal
have wend& for gawp Hanna & Harris Group makes initial oenttieCapItal Investments exClutirvellf in tiny teennelOPY. vetch t deunes
as nanotochnciagy.microsystenis and micrtelectromechancal systems (MEUS).
Ammeter, Investment StrikeoutsAlternative InveSIMent Strategies Ud s a ClOstodend Mesmer,' company. The tomPantfe OWN, b tO aChieva fomms with le*
volallIiy. II intends 10 aCtiktve INS by imeieng or: arty In a ?Owenby' portion:, olnalop tunas. Pose Fund Services Limited acts as the
manager of the sampan'.
American Capital Strategies LTC American Capital Strategies. Lia ('American Caplan invests n and sponsces management and employee buyouts. invests in private
ettutwacasofed buyouts. provides °dotal 0IreC5y to early page and maitre private and SM8IIINVIC companies. invest in COMMerCial
mortgaget0CM0 SeCurneS ('CTEIS'l and Collateralized deb delgallon MCOO) ST LOWS. and meta in Investment funds managedby
the company. American Capital provides scone debl. mezzanine debt and truly to fund growth. acquutiora and nxoptalyabons. The
company. through t asset management business. is also a manager al debt and eouty imestmeres in pnvato companies. Amman
Capital provides captat dkedly to private and eM0/1pubic companies tor growth. amulet:3ns o tecaptallzabons.
Cinema, Investments plc Canciooer Investments pc is a Unted Innylom.basea independent trust that organizes and invests pAncpany in large European buyouts.
It is engaged in me dentacalon. impiementation and monitorOp CO large buyouts and twInS. Candover Investments. pIC makes an
investrrent other under a coowestmert agreemercenth eh/dsmay hods or as own accost. The third.party managed kinds are
moaned by C.irrhver Pwiners I united
31Group pit 31 Group PIC a art InvefilMeril Will engaged In private entity and venture capi tal activnies It focuses on bayous. 040Mh capital anti
rectum capital. and invests across Eimpo. the tinted States and Asia. Its Buyouts business *no invests in Eimpean niiimarkot buyout
transacbons with a value el up to CI blIon arid lasget around 15 investments per year, Its Groat Capital business makes moony
investments WOGS a range 04 sectors, busineSs sizes anti luoan0 reeds, and bagels moments el between £10 mitten and E150
Men Group Man Group PIC is a /Witting CremPTY ThroUghile StbSClaneS, me Company Operates as a inoyclet ol ahetnecne Westmont pieaucts
and solubons as wet as acts a Mures broker. Man Investments. tie Asset Management division al the Company. provides access Ice
private and inslitubonal investors woktrado to badee lend and other alternative investment stratagem through a range al products and
SOlutiOne designed IO delrer abealule return vent alto CdreTiOn be egity and bond man', benchmarks. Man Financial. doe Brokerage
ONISICA. acts as a broker 01 futures. owes and Other equity derivatives tom both InelltudOnal and Private OentS. and ads as at
intermediary in the metals, energy arid foreign exchange markets. Man Financial provides a-termed:my arid crotched pnnopal bolting
and other related services to a worMirado dent bwo which ranges from I nancial instrubora. asset managers and industnal groups to
Partffilla Group Wading Partners Group Hotting IS a SwizerlancSbase0 nnancei company It is a global eiternertme anel management km. It invests et Oaare)
equey. hedge funds and prime debt The Group manages a range of funds. structured products and customized pordoloos la an
International denude of nsttulenal investors. private banks and ddrbuten partners. Partners Group Told% a headquartered in Zug.
Swttorlard and has offices in New York. London. Singapore and Guornsay.
SVG Capital SVG Captal plc is a pnvate wilily investor and fund management banes:, SVG Caplal invests in a porlfdio et prnaso CCF.ItY funds. the
mealy ot which are advised by Penn in &Whoa. me Company Invests In pavane equity bade that Inveel in Japan. NOM MOMS.
Aga end the Ice fidenCe6 SOCIOM. OM n unquOted end grated buSIMISSOS through specialist hods and CO-nverAMentS alongside thee,
kinds. SVG Captafs Itrid management bigness. SVG Advisers. stn-ctures. markets, manages arid advises products for meestrnera in
private and public equity using private any techniques.
Fortress Inveetment Group U.0 Fortress Investment Group LIG tForifess) Is a global ti/leMative aria manager with appnoxinately S25 Waco in assets Wider
management as at September 30. 2006. The Company raises, masts and manages pnvato eq-ity funds, hedge funds and publicly
traded alternative investment vehicles. Fortress earns management foes based en the size of as funds, incentive income based en the
performance at the Company. hat. and investment income from Faints( princpal investments in those funds.
EFTA00608500
Exhibit B-3
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
BETA CALCULATION
Share Shares
Company Name
Symbol Beta Price Gael/mean* MV of Equity LT Debt Preferred MVIC Tax Rate DebtEqulty
(Stocks Waded on U.S. Mock &Menges)
Blackrock. Inc BLK 0.90 160.60 116.41 18.695.4 253.2 0.1 18,948.7 33.2% 1.4%
Eaton Vance Corp EV 1.09 37.56 126.38 4.746.8 4.7468 37.5% 0.0%
Franklin Resources. Inc BEN 1.24 129.47 253.55 32627.1 899.7 33.726.8 35.9% 2.7%
Nuveen Investments. Inc JNC 0.98 49.94 78.81 3.935.8 644.5 4.5803 39.8% 16.4%
T. Rowe Price TROW 1.37 50.16 264.96 13290.4 13290.4 37.7% 0.0%
Legg Mason LM 1.16 98.32 131.41 12.920.2 1.162.7 14.082.9 38.5% 9.0%
Allied Caporal Corp ALD 0.82 29.38 148.57 4.365.0 1.893.1 8284.1 35.0% 43.5%
Harris and Harris Group. Inc TINY 1.57 14.32 21.02 301.0 301.0 35.0%
American Capital Strategies LTD ACAS 0.87 48.73 147.60 6.897.3 3,928.0 10.823.3 41.3%
(Stocks Waded on Me London Stock Exchange)
Candover Investments plc CDI 0.52 41.96 21.86 917.1 - 917.1 NA
31Group plc III 1.28 23.43 396.24 9.2820 3.674.3 12.958.3 0.4% 39.6%
Man Group plc. BAG 0.81 11.32 1.907.48 21.599.7 1.548.0 23.145.7 19.1% 722
SVG Capital SVt 0.87 18.31 138.81 2.541.5 2.541.5 NA
lAveracie 1.02 10.178.4 1.0773 0.0 11255.8 326% 13.6%
Unlevered Beta Calculation Relevered Beta Calculation
Bu - But(1.((14)(D.E))) B - Bu(1.111-tilD,E)))
Bu - 0.80
Using Beta. tax rate and the inclistry's debt to equity ratio. the reported betas are last unlevered betcro and then reteveres DIE - 25.0%
in the calculation to the right. I - 42.0%
B - 0.92
Blaclunck. Inc 0.89
Eaton Vance Corp 1.09
Franklin Resources. Inc 1.22
Nuveen Investments. Inc 0.89 industry Debt Total Capital Calculations
T. Rowe Price 1.37 DebtrIotal Inv. Capital 20.0%
Legg Mason 1.10 &NW/Total Inv. Carnal 80.0%
Allied Capeal Corp 0.64
Harris and Harris Group. Inc 1.57 Tax Rate Calculation
American Capital Strategies LTD 0.65
C.orrtmed Tax Rate 42.00%
Candover Investments plc 0.52
Maroon plc 0.92
Man Group plc. 0.77
SVG Caplet 0.67
Average s 0.95
Median a 0.89
p.t
Source. Bloomberg Network
Fortress Investment Group LLC Insunident iradng data 10 caicLiate Beta
Partners Gran Insutlioent inxing data to calculate Beta
EFTA00608501
Exhibit B4
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
BETA CALCULATION
Share Shares
Company Name
Symbol Beta Price Outslandlno MV of Equity LT Debt Preferred MVIC Tax Rate DebtiEgulty
(Socks Waded on U.S. Mock &Menges)
Blackrock. Inc BLK 0.90 160.60 11641 18.695.4 253.2 0.1 18948.7 33.2% 1.4%
Eaton Vance Corp EV 1.09 37.56 126.38 4.746.8 4746.8 37.5% 0.0%
Franklin Resources. Inc BEN 1.24 129.47 253.55 32027.1 899.7 33.726.8 35.9% 2.7%
Nuveen Investments. Inc JNC 0.98 49.94 78.81 3.935.8 644.5 4.5803 39.8% 16.4%
T. Rowe Price TROW 1.37 50.16 264.96 13290.4 13290.4 37.7% 0.0%
Legg Mason LM 1.16 98.32 131.41 12.920.2 1.162.7 01.082.9 38.5% 9.0%
Allied Caporal Corp ALD 0.82 29.38 148.57 4.365.0 1682.1 6264.1 35.0% 43.5%
Harris and Harris Group. Inc TINY 1.57 14.32 21.02 301.0 301.0 35.0%
Amerkan Capital Strategies LTD ACAS 0.87 46.73 147.60 6.897.3 3.926.0 10.823.3 41.3%
(Stocks Waded on Me Londan Stock Exchange)
Candover Investments plc CDI 0.52 41.95 21.86 917.1 - 917.1 NA
31Group plc III 1.28 23.43 396.24 9.2823 3.674.3 12.956.3 0.4% 39.6%
Man Group plc. BAG 0.81 11.32 1.907.48 21.599.7 1.548.0 23.145.7 19.1% Tr.
SVG Capital SVt 0.67 18.31 138.81 2.541.5 2.541.5 NA
lAveracie 1.02 10.178A 1.0773 0.0 11255.8 326% 13.6%
Unlevered Beta Calculation Relevered Beta Calculation
Bu - Bur(1.((1-0(DE))) B - Bu(1.((1.00),E1/1
Bu - 0.80
Using Beta. tax rate and the inclistry's debt to equity ratio. the reported betas are last unlestred betoo and then rete vete:: DIE - o.cr,,,,
in the calculation to the right. I - 42.0':;
B - 0 SO
Blaclunck. Inc 0.89
Eaton Vance Corp 1.09
Franklin Resources. Inc 1.22
Nuveen Investments. Inc 0.89 industry DebtiTotal Capital Calculations
T. Rowe Pfice 1.37 DebtrIotal Inv. Capital 0.0%
Legg Mason 1.10 Equity/Total Inv. Carnal loam
Allied Capeal Corp 0.64
Harris and Herds Group. Inc 1.57 Tax Rate Calculation
American Capital Strategies LTD 0.65
Combined Tax Rate 42.00%
Candover Investments plc 0.52
Maroon plc 0.92
Man Group plc. 0.77
SVG Capital 0.67
Average s 0.95
p.t
Source. Bloomberg Network
Fortress Investment Group LLC Insunident iriktng data 10 oil:Wale Beta
Partners Gran Insutlioent inking data to calculate Beta
EFTA00608502
Exhibit B-5
APOLLO MANAGEMENT COMPANIES
DISCOUNT RATE CALCULATION
AS OF APRIL 16, 2007
CAPM SUMMARY
The cost of equity capital using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is as follows:
Re = Rf + Bx Rm - Rf + Rsm
Where: Rf Return on a risk-free asset
B Beta - a measure of the systematic risk of the firm compared to the risk of an investment in
a fully diversified stock market portfolio
Rm - Rf The market risk premium defined as the expected return required for investing in
a fully diversified portfolio (Rm) less the risk-free rate (Rf)
Rsm Small stock premium
Rcs Company and industry specific risk
We then calculated the WACC as follows:
Variable Value Source
Rd = 8.00% Company's marginal cost of debt
t= 42.00% Company's Marginal Tax Rate
Rf = 4.98% 20-yr treasury strip bond rate
Rm - Rf = 6.00% Equity Risk Premium
B= 0.92 Computed Beta. see Page 3
D%= 20.0% Comparables Debt/Capital Ratio
E%= 80.0% Comparables Equity/Capital Ratio
Rsm 1.03% Ibbotsons Low-Cap Company Stock Premium (Decile 4)
Re = Rf + fa x ( Rm - Rf )) + Rstn + Rcs
= 4.98% + 6.00% * 0.92 J + 1.03%
Re = 11.51%
EFTA00608503
Exhibit B-6
APOLLO ADVISOR COMPANIES
DISCOUNT RATE CALCULATION
AS OF APRIL 16, 2007
CAPM SUMMARY
The cost of equity capital using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is as follows:
Re = Rf + Bx Rm - Rf + Rsm
Where: Rf Return on a risk-free asset
B Beta - a measure of the systematic risk of the firm compared to the risk of an investment in
a fully diversified stock market portfolio
Rm - Rf The market risk premium defined as the expected return required for investing in
a fully diversified portfolio (Rm) less the risk-free rate (Rf)
Rsm Small stock premium
Rcs Company and industry specific risk
We then calculated the WACC as follows:
Variable Value Source
Rd = 8.00% Company's marginal cost of debt
t= 42.00% Company's Marginal Tax Rate
Rf = 4.98% 20-yr treasury strip bond rate
Rm - Rf = 6.00% Equity Risk Premium
B= 0.80 Computed Beta. see Page 3
D%= 0.0% Comparables Debt/Capital Ratio
E%= 100.0% Comparables Equity/Capital Ratio
Rsm 1.03% Ibbotsons Low-Cap Company Stock Premium (Decile 10a)
Re = Rf + fa x ( Rm - Rf )) + Rstn + Rcs
= 4.98% + 6.00% * 0.80 J + 1.03%
Re = 10.81%
EFTA00608504
EXHIBIT B-7
APOLLO MANAGEMENT, .
WACC SUMMARY CONCLUSION
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is calculated as follows:
WACC Rd ( 1 - 1 ) D% + ( Ft, • E%)
Where: Ra = Coal of interest bearing debt capital
t = Marginal tax rate
D%= Percentage of debt included in capital structure
R, = Cost of equity capital
E%- Percentage of equity included :I capital structure
The cost of equity capital was estimated using the methods described in the following pages.
Equity Rate Equity
Method Rate
Capital Asset Pricing Model 11.51%
Build-Up Approach 12.01%
Selected Base Equity Rate 11.80%
Company/Industry Specific Risk 1.00%
Company Specific Coal of Equity 12.8%
WACC Calculation
Selected Equity Rate: 12.8% (see above)
Selected Debt Rate: 8.0%
Selected Debt/Real Capital Ratio: 20.0%
Selected Tax Rate: 42.0%
WACC [ 8.0% • (1- 0.42)J 0.20+ 12.8% • 0.80)
. [4.6% • 0.20 I +(12.8% • 0.80)
. 0.8%+ 10.2%
. 11.2%
Selected WACC: 11.0%
EFTA00608505
EXHIBIT B-8
APOLLO MANAGEMENT IV, .
WACC SUMMARY CONCLUSION
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is calculated as follows:
WACC= Rd ( 1 - t ) D% + ( Ft. • E% )
Where: R4 = Cost of interest bearing debt capital
t = Margral tax rate
D%= Percentage of debt included in capital structure
R. = Cost of equity capital
E%= Percentage of equity included in capital structure
The cost of equity capital was estimated using the methods described in the following pages.
Equity Rate Equity
Method Rate
Capital Asset Pricing Model (see Exhibit F and G) 11.51%
Build-Up Approach (see Exhibit E) 12.01%
Selected Base Equity Rate 11.80%
Company/Industry Specific Risk 0.00%
Company Specific Cost of Equity 11.8%
WACC Calculation
Selected Equity Rate: 11.8% (see above)
Selected Debt Rate: 8.0%
Selected Debt/Total Capital Ratio: 20.0%
Selected Tax Rate: 42.0%
WACC = [ 8.0% • (1- 0.02)]' 0.20 +111.8% ' 0.80)
= [ 4.6% • 0.20] + [11.8% • 0.80]
= 0.9% + 9.0%
= 10.4%
Selected WACC: 10.0%
EFTA00608506
EXHIBIT 8-9
APOLLO MANAGEMENT V. .
WACC SUMMARY CONCLUSION
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is calculated as follows:
WACC = Rd ( 1 - t ) D% + ( Ft. • E% )
Where: Cosl of interest bearing debt capital
t = Margral tax rate
D%= Percentage of debt included in capital structure
R. = Cosl of equity capital
E%= Percentage of equity included in capital structure
The cost of equity capital was estimated using the methods described in the following pages.
Equity Rate Equity
Method Rate
Capital Asset Pricing Model 11.51%
Build-Up Approach 12.01%
Selected Base Equity Rate 11.80%
Company/Industry Specific Risk -2.00%
Company Specific Cost of Equity 9.8%
WACC Calculation
Selected Equity Rate: 9.8% (see above)
Selected Debt Rate: 8.0%
Selected Debt/Total Capital Ratio: 20.0%
Selected Tax Rate: 42.0%
WACC [ 8.0% • Cl- 0.02)1' 0.20 + 9.8% 0.801
[4.6% • 0.201+ I 9.8%• 0.80]
0.9% + 7.8%
a 8.8%
Selected WACC: 9.0%
EFTA00608507
EXHIBIT 8.10
APOLLO MANAGEMENT VI, .
WACC SUMMARY CONCLUSION
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is calculated as follows:
WACC= Rd ( 1 - t ) D% + ( Fte • E% )
Where: Cost of interest bearing debt capital
t = Margral tax rate
D%= Percentage of debt included in capital structure
R„ = Cost of equity capital
E%= Percentage of equity included in capital structure
The cost of equity capital was estimated using the methods described in the following pages.
Equity Rate Equity
Method Rate
Capital Asset Pricing Model 11.51%
Build-Up Approach 12.01%
Selected Base Equity Rate 11.80%
Company/Industry Specific Risk -2.00%
Company Specific Cost of Equity 9.8%
WACC Calculation
Selected Equity Rate: 9.8% (see above)
Selected Debt Rate: 8.0%
Selected Debt/Total Capital Ratio: 20.0%
Selected Tax Rate: 42.0%
WACC [ 8.0% • Cl- 0.02) I 0.20 + 9.8% 0.80]
[4.6% • 0.201+ I 9.8%• 0.80I
= 0.9% + 7.8%
a 8.8%
Selected WACC: 9.0%
EFTA00608508
EXHIBIT B-11
WACC SUMMARY CONCLUSION
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is calculated as follows:
WACC Rd (1 - ) D% + ( Re • E%)
Where: Ro = Cost of interest bearing debt capital
I = Marginal tax rate
D%= Percentage of debt included in capital structure
R, = Cost of equity capital
E%= Percentage of equity included in capital structure
The cost of equity capital was estimated using the methods described in the following pages.
Equity Rate
Method Equity Rate
Capital Asset Prizing Model 11.51%
Build.Up Approach 12.01%
Selected Base &pity Rate 11.80%
Risk
Company/Industry Specific Risk Weighting Adjustment Contribution
-Management Fee Cash Flows 70% -2.00% -1.40%
-Carried Interest Cash Flows 30% 4.00% 1.20%
Weighted Average Companyilndustry Specific Risk -0.20%
Company Specific Cost of Equity 11.6%
WACC Calculation
Selected Equity Rate: 11.6% (see above)
Selected Debt Rate: 8.0%
Selected DebtITotal Capital Ratio: 20.0%
Selected Tax Rate: 42.0%
WACC = [8.0% • (1- 0.42)1' 0.20 +111.6% • 0.80)
[ 4.6% • 0.201 +111.6% • 0.801
0.9% + 9.3%
10.2%
Selected WACC: 10.0%
EFTA00608509
EXHIBIT 8.12
APOLLO VIF MANAGEMENT, LP
WACC SUMMARY CONCLUSION
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is calculated as follows:
WACC Rd (1 - ) D% + ( Re • E%)
Where: Ro = Cost of interest bearing debt capital
I = Marginal tax rate
D%= Percentage of debt included in capital structure
R, = Cost of equity capital
E%= Percentage of equity included in capital structure
The cost of equity capital was estimated using the methods described in the following pages.
Equity Rate
Method Equity Rate
Capital Asset Prizing Model 11.51%
Build-Up Approach 12.01%
Selected Base &pity Rate 11.80%
Risk
Companyilndustry Specific Risk Weighting Adjustment Contribution
-Management Fee Cash Flows 100% -1.00% -1.00%
-Carried Interest Cash Flows 0% 5.00% 0.00%
Weighted Average Companyilndustry Specific Risk -1.00%
Company Specific Cost of Equity 10.8%
WACC Calculation
Selected Equity Rate: 10.8% (see above)
Selected Debt Rate: 8.0%
Selected DebtrTotal Capital Ratio: 20.0%
Selected Tax Rate: 42.0%
WACC [8.0% • (1- 0.42) I ' 0.20 + I 10.8% • 0.80)
[4.6% • 0.20) +110.8% • 0.80)
0.9% + 8.6%
9.5%
Selected WACC: 10.0%
EFTA00608510
EXHIBIT B-13
APOLLO SVF MANAGEMENT. .
WACC SUMMARY CONCLUSION
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is calculated as follows:
WACC Rd (1 - ) D% + ( Ft. • E%)
Where: Ro = Cost of interest bearing debt capital
I = Marginal tax rate
D%= Percentage of debt included in capital structure
R, = Cost of equity capital
E%= Percentage of equity included in capital structure
The cost of equity capital was estimated using the methods described in the following pages.
Equity Rate
Method Equity Rate
Capital Asset Prizing Model (see Exhibit F and G) 11.51%
Build-Up Approach (see Exhthit E) 12.01%
Selected Base Eqiity Rate 11.80%
Risk
Companyilndustry Specific Risk Weighting Adjustment Contribution
-Management Fee Cash Flows 100% -1.00% -1.00%
-Carried Interest Cash Flows 0% 0.00% 0.00%
Weighted Average Companyilndustry Specific Risk -1.00%
Company Specific Cost of Equity 10.8%
WACC Calculation
Selected Equity Rate: 10.8% (see above)
Selected Debt Rate: 8.0%
Selected DebttTotal Capital Ratio: 20.0%
Selected Tax Rate: 42.0%
WACC [8.0% • (1- 0.42)1' 0.20 + I 10.8% • 0.801
[4.6% • 0.20 1+110.8% • 0.801
0.9% + 8.6%
9.6%
Selected WACC: 10.0%
'Market data is as of close of business June 6. 2007
EFTA00608511
EXHIBIT B-14
APOLLO SVF ADVISORS, .
WACC SUMMARY CONCLUSION
AS OF APRIL 16.2007
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is calculated as follows:
WACC = Rd 1 - t ) D% + ( R. • E% )
Where: Ro = Cost of interest bearing debt capital
I = Marginal tax rate
D%= Percentage of debt included in capital structure
R, = Cost of equity capital
E%= Percentage of equity included in capital structure
The cost of equity capital was estimated using the methods described in the following pages.
Equity Rate
Method Equity Rate
Capital Asset Prizing Model (see Exhibit F and GI 10.81%
Build-Up Approach (see Exhthit E) 12.01%
Selected Base Equity Rate 12.00%
Risk
Companyilndustry Specific Risk Weighting Adjustment Contribution
-Management Fee Cash Flows 0% 0.00% 0.00%
-Carried Interest Cash Flows 100% 5.00% 5.00%
Weighted Average Companyilndustry Specific Risk 5.00%
Company Specific Cost of Equity 17.0%
WACC Calculation
Selected Equity Rate: 17.0% (see above)
Selected Debt Rate: 8.0%
Selected DebttTotal Capital Ratio: 0.0%
Selected Tax Rate: 42.0%
WACC [8.0% • (1- 0A2)1• 0.00 +117.0% • 1.00)
[ 4.6% • 0.00 1 + [ 17.0% • 1.001
0.0%+ 17.0%
17.0%
Selected WACC: 17.0%
EFTA00608512
EXHIBIT B-15
APOLLO ASIA MANAGEMENT, .
WACC SUMMARY CONCLUSION
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is calculated as follows:
WACC Rd (1 - ) D% + ( Re • E%)
Where: Ro = Cost of interest bearing debt capital
I = Marginal tax rate
D%= Percentage of debt included in capital structure
R, = Cost of equity capital
E%= Percentage of equity included in capital structure
The cost of equity capital was estimated using the methods described in the following pages.
Equity Rate
Method Equity Rate
Capital Asset Prizi-ig Model (see Exhibit F and G) 11.51%
Build-Up Approach (see Exhibit E) 12.01%
Weighted Average Base Equity Rate 11.80%
Risk
Companyilndustry Specific Risk Weighting Adjustment Contribution
-Management Fee Cash Flows 100% 0.00% 0.00%
-Carried Interest Cash Flows 0% 5.00% 0.00%
Weighted Average Companyilndustry Specific Risk 0.00%
Company Specific Cost of Equity 11.8%
WACC Calculation
Selected Equity Rate: 11.8% (see above)
Selected Debt Rate: 8.0%
Selected DebttTotal Capital Ratio: 20.0%
Selected Tax Rate: 42.0%
WACC = [8.0% • (1- 0A2)1• 0.20 +111.8% • 0.80)
[4.6%* 0.201+111.8%* 0.80)
0.9% + 9.4%
10.4%
Selected WACC: 10.0%
'Market data is as of close of business June 6. 2007
EFTA00608513
EXHIBIT B-16
APOLLO ASIA ADVISORS. .
WACC SUMMARY CONCLUSION
AS OF APRIL 16.2007
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is calculated as follows:
WACC = Rd 1 - t ) D% + ( Re • E% )
Where: Ro = Cost of interest bearing debt capital
I = Marginal tax rate
D%= Percentage of debt included in capital structure
R, = Cost of equity capital
E%= Percentage of equity included in capital structure
The cost of equity capital was estimated using the methods described in the following pages.
Equity Rate
Method Equity Rate
Capital Asset Prizing Model (see Exhibit F and G) 10.81%
Build-Up Approach (see Exhthit E) 12.01%
Selected Base Equity Rate 12.00%
Risk
Companyilndustry Specific Risk Weighting Adjustment Contribution
-Management Fee Cash Flows 0% 0.00% 0.00%
-Carried Interest Cash Flows 100% 5.00% 5.00%
Weighted Average Companyilndustry Specific Risk 5.00%
Company Specific Cost of Equity 17.0%
WACC Calculation
Selected Equity Rate: 17.0% (see above)
Selected Debt Rate: 8.0%
Selected DebttTotal Capital Ratio: 0.0%
Selected Tax Rate: 42.0%
WACC = [8.0% • (1- 0A2)1• 0.00 +117.0% • 1.00)
[ 4.6% • 0.00 1 + [ 17.0% • 1.001
0.0%+ 17.0%
17.0%
Selected WACC: 17.0%
EFTA00608514
EXHIBIT B-17
APOLLO EUROPE MANAGEMENT, .
WACC SUMMARY CONCLUSION
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is calculated as follows:
WACC Rd (1 - ) D% + ( Fto • E%)
Where: Ro = Cost of interest bearing debt capital
I = Marginal tax rate
D%= Percentage of debt included in capital structure
R, = Cost of equity capital
E%= Percentage of equity included in capital structure
The cost of equity capital was estimated using the methods described in the following pages.
Equity Rate
Method Equity Rate
Capital Asset Prizing Model (see Exhibit F and G) 11.51%
Build-Up Approach (see Exhthit E) 12.01%
Selected Base Ecrity Rate 11.80%
Risk
Companyilndustry Specific Risk Weighting Adjustment Contribution
-Management Fee Cash Flows 70% 1.00% 0.70%
-Carried Interest Cash Flows 30% 7.00% 2.10%
Weighted Average Companyilndustry Specific Risk 2.80%
Company Specific Cost of Equity 14.6%
WACC Calculation
Selected Equity Rate: 14.6% (see above)
Selected Debt Rate: 8.0%
Selected DebttTotal Capital Ratio: 20.0%
Selected Tax Rate: 42.0%
WACC [8.0% • (1- 0.42) ] • 0.20 +[14.6% • 0.80]
[4.6% • 0.20] +[14.6% • 0.80]
0.9%+ 11.7%
12.6%
Selected WACC: 13.0%
EFTA00608515
EXHIBIT 8.18
APOLLO ALTERNATIVE ASSETS, .
WACC SUMMARY CONCLUSION
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is calculated as follows:
WACC Rd (1 - ) D% + ( Re • E%)
Where: Ro = Cost of interest bearing debt capital
I = Marginal tax rate
D%= Percentage of debt included in capital structure
R, = Cost of equity capital
E%= Percentage of equity included in capital structure
The cost of equity capital was estimated using the methods described in the following pages.
Equity Rate
Method Equity Rate
Capital Asset Prizing Model 11.51%
Build-Up Approach 12.01%
Selected Base &pity Rate 11.80%
Risk
Companyilndustry Specific Risk Weighting Adjustment Contribution
-Management Fee Cash Flows 100% 3.00% 3.00%
-Carried Interest Cash Flows 0% 0.00% 0.00%
Weighted Average Companyilndustry Specific Risk 3.00%
Company Specific Cost of Equity 14.8%
WACC Calculation
Selected Equity Rate: 14.8% (see above)
Selected Debt Rate: 8.0%
Selected DebtrTotal Capital Ratio: 20.0%
Selected Tax Rate: 42.0%
WACC = [8.0% • (1- 0.42)] ' 0.20 +114.8% • 0.80)
[4.6% ' 0.20] +[ 14.8% ' 0.80)
0.4%+ 11.8%
12.8%
Selected WACC: 13.0%
EFTA00608516
EXHIBIT B-19
APOLLO MANAGEMENT VII. .
WACC SUMMARY CONCLUSION
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is calculated as follows:
WACC= Rd ( 1 - t ) D% + ( Ft. • E% )
Where: R4 = Cost of interest bearing debt capital
t = Margral tax rate
D%= Percentage of debt included in capital structure
R. = Cost of equity capital
E%= Percentage of equity included in capital structure
The cost of equity capital was estimated using the methods described in the following pages.
Equity Rate Equity
Method Rate
Capital Asset Pricing Model 11.51%
Build-Up Approach 12.01%
Selected Base Equity Rate 11.80%
Company/Industry Specific Risk -1.00%
Company Specific Cost of Equity 10.8%
WACC Calculation
Selected Equity Rate: 10.8::. (see above)
Selected Debt Rate: 8.0%
Selected DeN/Total Capital Ratio: 20.0%
Selected Tax Rate: 42.0%
WACC [ 8.0% • Cl- 0.02)]• 0.20 +110.8% ' 0.80)
[ 4.6% • 0.20]+[10.8% • 0.80]
= 0.9% + 8.6%
a 9.6%
Selected WACC: 10.0%
EFTA00608517
EXHIBIT 8.20
APOLLO ADVISORS VII. LP
WACC SUMMARY CONCLUSION
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is calculated as follows:
WACC Rd (1 - ) D% + ( Ft. • E%)
Where: Ro = Cost of interest bearing debt capital
I = Marginal tax rate
D%= Percentage of debt included in capital structure
R, = Cost of equity capital
E%= Percentage of equity included in capital structure
The cost of equity capital was estimated using the methods described in the following pages.
Equity Rate
Method Equity Rate
Capital Asset Prizing Model (see Exhibit F and G) 10.81%
Build-Up Approach (see Exhthit E) 12.01%
Selected Base Eqiity Rate 12.00%
Risk
Companyilndustry Specific Risk Weighting Adjustment Contribution
-Management Fee Cash Flows 0% 0.00% 0.00%
-Carried Interest Cash Flows 100% 6.00% 6.00%
Weighted Average Companyilndustry Specific Risk 6.00%
Company Specific Cost of Equity 18.00%
WACC Calculation
Selected Equity Rate: 18.0% (see above)
Selected Debt Rate: 8.0%
Selected DebttTotal Capital Ratio: 0.0%
Selected Tax Rate: 42.0%
WACC = [ 8.0% • (1- 0.42)1' 0.00 +118.0% • 1.00)
[4.6% • 0.00 1+118.0% • 1.00)
0.0%+ 18.0%
18.0%
Selected WACC: 18.0%
EFTA00608518
EXHIBIT 8-21
APOLLO EPF MANAGEMENT, LP
WACC SUMMARY CONCLUSION
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is calculated as follows:
WACC Rd (1 - ) D% + ( Re • E%)
Where: Ro = Cost of interest bearing debt capital
I = Marginal tax rate
D%= Percentage of debt included in capital structure
R, = Cost of equity capital
E%= Percentage of equity included in capital structure
The cost of equity capital was estimated using the methods described in the following pages.
Equity Rate
Method Equity Rate
Capital Asset Prizi-ig Model (see Exhibit F and G) 11.51%
Build-Up Approach (see Exhibit E) 12.01%
Weighted Average Base Equity Rate 11.80%
Risk
Companyilndustry Specific Risk Weighting Adjustment Contribution
-Management Fee Cash Flows 100% 3.00% 3.00%
-Carried Interest Cash Flows 0% 0.00% 0.00%
Weighted Average Companyilndustry Specific Risk 3.00%
Company Specific Cost of Equity 14.8%
WACC Calculation
Selected Equity Rate: 14.8% (see above)
Selected Debt Rate: 8.0%
Selected DebttTotal Capital Ratio: 20.0%
Selected Tax Rate: 42.0%
WACC = [ 8.0% • (1- 0.42) ] ' 0.20 +114.8% • 0.80)
= [4.6% ' 0.20] +[ 14.8% ' 0.80)
= 0.8%+ 11.8%
= 12.8%
Selected WACC: 13.0%
EFTA00608519
EXHIBIT 8.22
APOLLO EPF ADVISORS. LP
WACC SUMMARY CONCLUSION
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is calculated as follows:
WACC Rd (1 - ) D% + ( Fto • E%)
Where: Ro = Cost of interest bearing debt capital
I = Marginal tax rate
D%= Percentage of debt included in capital structure
R, = Cost of equity capital
E%= Percentage of equity included in capital structure
The cost of equity capital was estimated using the methods described in the following pages.
Equity Rate
Method Equity Rate
Capital Asset Prizing Model (see Exhibit F and G) 10.81%
Build-Up Approach (see Exhthit E) 12.01%
Selected Base Eqiity Rate 12.00%
Risk
Companyilndustry Specific Risk Weighting Adjustment Contribution
-Management Fee Cash Flows 0% 0.00% 0.00%
-Carried Interest Cash Flows 100% 7.00% 7.00%
Weighted Average Companyilndustry Specific Risk 7.00%
Company Specific Cost of Equity 19.00%
WACC Calculation
Selected Equity Rate: 19.0% (see above)
Selected Debt Rate: 8.0%
Selected DebttTotal Capital Ratio: 0.0%
Selected Tax Rate: 42.0%
WACC = [ 8.0% • (1- 0.42)1' 0.00 + 119.0% • 1.00]
[4.6% • 0.00 ] + [ 19.0% • 1.00]
0.0%+ 19.0%
19.0%
Selected WACC: 19.0%
EFTA00608520
EXHIBIT 8-23
APOLLO NEW FUND MANAGEMENT LP'S
WACC SUMMARY CONCLUSION
AS OF APRIL 16.2007
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is calculated as follows:
WACC Rd (1 - ) D% + ( Fto • E%)
Where: Ro = Cost of interest bearing debt capital
I = Marginal tax rate
D%= Percentage of debt included in capital structure
R, = Cost of equity capital
E%= Percentage of equity included in capital structure
The cost of equity capital was estimated using the methods described in the following pages.
Equity Rate
Method Equity Rate
Capital Asset Prizi-ig Model (see Exhibit F and G) 11.51%
Build-Up Approach (see Exhibit E) 12.01%
Weighted Average Base Equity Rate 11.80%
Risk
Companyilndustry Specific Risk Weighting Adjustment Contribution
-Management Fee Cash Flows 100% 5.00% 5.00%
-Carried Interest Cash Flows 0% 0.00% 0.00%
Weighted Average Companyilndustry Specific Risk 5.00%
Company Specific Cost of Equity 16.8%
WACC Calculation
Selected Equity Rate: 16.8% (see above)
Selected Debt Rate: 8.0%
Selected DebtrTotal Capital Ratio: 20.0%
Selected Tax Rate: 42.0%
WACC [ 8.0% • (1- 0.42) I ' 0.20 + I 16.8% • 0.80)
[4.6% • 0.20) +116.8% • 0.80)
0.9% + 13.4%
14.4%
Selected WACC: 14.0%
EFTA00608521
EXHIBIT B-24
APOLLO NEW FUNDS ADVISORS LP'S
WACC SUMMARY CONCLUSION
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is calculated as follows:
WACC Rd (1 - ) D% + ( Re • E%)
Where: Ro = Cost of interest bearing debt capital
I = Marginal tax rate
D%= Percentage of debt included in capital structure
R, = Cost of equity capital
E%= Percentage of equity included in capital structure
The cost of equity capital was estimated using the methods described in the following pages.
Equity Rate
Method Equity Rate
Capital Asset Prizi-ig Model (see Exhibit F and G) 10.81%
Build-Up Approach (see Exhibit E) 12.01%
Weighted Average Base Equity Rate 12.00%
Risk
Companyilndustry Specific Risk Weighting Adjustment Contribution
-Management Fee Cash Flows 0% 0.00% 0.00%
-Carried Interest Cash Flows 100% 10.00% 10.00%
Weighted Average Companyilndustry Specific Risk 10.00%
Company Specific Cost of Equity 22.0%
WACC Calculation
Selected Equity Rate: 22.0% (see above)
Selected Debt Rate: 8.0%
Selected DebttTotal Capital Ratio: 0.0%
Selected Tax Rate: 42.0%
WACC [ 8.0% • (1- 0.42) ] ' 0.00 +[22.0% • 1.00]
[ 4.6% • 0.00 ] + [ 22.0% • 1.00]
= 0.0% + 22.0%
= 22.0%
Selected WACC: 22.0%
EFTA00608522
Exhibit C
APOLLO MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS. LP
CONCLUSION OF EQUITY INTEREST
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
Assets
Applicable Lack of
Aggregate Marketable Marketability Aggregate Fah Partners Pro Pro Rata Fair % Exisiling Asset
Value of Equity Discount Market Value Rata Interest Market Value Contribution
Apollo Management. L.P. 50 10% 50 30.35% $O 0.0%
Apollo Management IV. L.P. 13.068.801 10% 52.761.920 30.35% 5838.243 0.1%
Apollo Management V. L.P. $12.017.131 15% $10210.562 30.35% $3.100.119 0.3%
Apollo Management VI. L.P. $190.858.978 15% $162236131 30.35% 549.236.845 4.9%
Apollo investment Management L.P. 11.017.345253 15% $864.703.455 23.90% 52[6.673.688 20.5%
Apollo Value Management L.P. $64.492.012 15% $50.818.550 26.90% 514.746.190 1.5%
Apollo SVF Management• L.P. 1278.665.082 15% 1236.865.320 44.00% 5104220.741 10.4%
Apple SVF Advisors. LP' $120.733.627 20% $99.786.902 44.00% 543.906.237 4.4%
Apollo Asia Management, L.P. $44940.859 20% 135.235.887 44.00% 515.503.790 1.5%
Apoao Asia Advisors. L.P.' 131.566.933 20% $25.253.548 44.00% 511.111.560 1.1%
Apollo Europe Management. L.P. $465.218.791 20% $372.175.033 44.00% 5163.757.015 16.3%
Apollo Ahernative Assets, LP. $342,440,764 20% $273,952,611 44.00% 5120,539,109 12.0%
Subtotal $2.574.452.630 $2.138.037.927 3733.633.577 72.9%
Pfaoned Funds,G000161:
Apollo Management VII. L.P. $382.786.901 20% $306.229.553 30.35% 592.940.669 92%
Apollo Advisors VII. LP. $439.500477 25% $329.628.358 24.64% 581220.427 8.1%
Apollo EPF Management. L.P. 130.811.394 20% $20.609.115 44.00% 510.845.611 1.1%
Apollo EPF Advisors. L.P. 1,27.802.732 20% $22.202.185 44.00% $9.786.582 1.0%
New Fund Management LPs 5120.677.855 20% $99.702284 44.00% 543.886.605 4.4%
New Fund Advisors. L.Fes $95.568.772 20% $76.45$018 44.00% 533.640.208 3.3%
Sublets) 11.101.152.171 1858946.513 5272.320.082 27.1%
Total Assets $3.875.604.801 $2.996.984.440 51.005.953.658 100.0%
Liabilities di Equity
Total Liabilities SO SO $O
Total Equity $3.675.604801 $2.996.984.440 $1.005.953.658
Total Liabilities and Equity 33.676,604,801 $2,996,984,440 51,006,953,658
Aggregate Far Market Value 52.996.981.440
Pro Rata. Fair Market Value of Partners Interest 51.005.953.658
Pro Rata. Fair Market Value 01 Partners Interest 11.005,953,658
Concluded Equity Interest of Partner In AMHLP 33.57%
Less: investment Company Discount 5.0% (550.297.6831
Minority Marketable Value 5955.655.975
Less: Lack of Marketability Discount 10.0% (595.565.5981
Fret Markel Value ol 33.05% 'Merest in AMILP 5860.090.378
Fair Market Value ol 33.57% interest m AMILP. Rounded 5860.100.000
was anticipated that the carry tee income eunenlly pact to tne respective Apollo Management company woad beg:n to be pad to the Apollo Aitnsor misty.
EFTA00608523
t000mr o
Apollo Foods
~Mr Co. paii ' Vaholice , Rea Tess
As of Aril 36, 2/8/7
limatd ~Ma MAIM
TIM TIM TIM TIM AIM. TIM
/Pat AL/31 /MV 114s INEZ REVENUE AS OPEL 1CKP. ERICA PIZTAX DIVIO MIC/111/1 1/491C/ITM
(00.1 4•014•1 C4010 A % OP ALOUNAV A% Of REV A% OF REV A% OF REV AIM NAP Reefer MI ®RDA
B.01~1.. 818.935.141 $1.124.427.0)0 12.097.974 01% 77.3% A.8% 211% 1.7% 90 11.1
Fs. Vs Corp. 14.74.917 5128.900.030 5662.194 07% 69.14 39.9% 30.5% 3.7% 5.5 13.8
hallo Rococo. ht. $33.443.441 5552.900.030 54.354461 01% 6654 O.K 342% 6.1% 7.3 ILO
Nuron Imenunts. 14.60.307 5161.609.030 57•9421 0.4% 54.84 56.2% 474% 1.91 6.5 11.6
New Price C40p. $13.307.771 $331.7(0.030 51.813404 QS% SAM 49.5% 47.3% 4.0% 7.3 14.8
140 Mum In:. $14.277.411 14.2.54/137 QS% 74.1% 18.1% 24.1% 1.5% 3.4 I1.8
Alba Capita Cs. 14.516.735 54,496.100 51.2.54 ICU% 54.81 60.1% 573% 139.4% 13.8 17.3
Abenuac lirmiturnI 59./egia 1.14. HAV 5452.1155 5428.861 $35.80 44% 3161 19.4% 79.4% 105,5% 11.6 15.9
Amiga C1,401 51n4qiet LTD $11.093101 M.799.m9 3864.401 13% 49.31 1174% 105.31 113.1% 11.9 10.1
$11."119 $571.477119 $1.71&110 Id% 38.8% MI% 102% 41.0% 67 13.1
$11.0.71.10.1 3101.109.070 1671194 0.7% 37.6% 49.3% 41.1% 70% 13 178
end.WCI ilMlan•Li. PL 5932.484 56.964.300 5124.328 31% 40.4% 46.7% 461% 14.1% 4.4 94
31 Oros!, ft.; 516.767.40 11.303.423 13173.02 26.2% 19.3% 90.1% 82.1% 201.9% 7.7 8.0
Ma OP‘O Pk 111843.973 71.494.160 7.OA 66.9% 45.6% 314% 45.8% 6..5 14.3
Panthen Gam 1.1714.5.% 114.244.8.» 1117.115 12% 27.2% 72.4% 752% 19.5% IS.? 33.1
WO (taped $2.664.311 56466.140 $479.341 UR 801 91.0% 89.3% 40.5% 5.6 54
bilge* 6Veinal GM. 1.1.C. 112.541418 519.900.000 11.07117 44% 92.11 60.7% 58.7% 42.0% 10.4 •A• •
IMP, 39.763.411 $19.11A481 11.291411 82% 42.1% 610% 60.6% 40.6% RI 11.6
1400 37.0611~ $11.131.121 $317119 3.3% 31.8% 06.8% 67.1% 41.1% 11 9.4
Total S.mple
Iliph 113.451.441 11124.627,030 54.556.461 292% 92.1% 1274% 105.31 191.9% 15.7 217
Leg 5.432333 1418.862 $35.841 02% 80% 28.1% 24.1% 1.5% 34 96
Mew 310.835.43.1 1197193.1W 11.513.161 S8% 505% 64.1% 574% 51.3% 45 13.3
Mohr 111.031102 539,900.0 5862.194 12% 54.8% 56.2% 474% 19.5% 7.3 14.1
• Pm Re. - AurmlIted 9 amp 2001 Pa • Oikr Want RI« =30150 p e Yoe ITO
1111C1607 X1111'2407
6p16 runt 2117 Retinue. 14 I/1'1R il‘C
AND> AINOCILOP. L.P. 10 $341.11/0 10 0.0% 00% NIA WA 011% VA
AND, 114•0:ann IV, L.P. 13.069 51.043.700 56.143 0.6% 51.7% 48.3% 48.3% 03% 05 NJA
AND) LLIN,V11(171 V. LP. 112.017 $11106.030 133.340 07% 51.7% 48.3% 481% 0.7% 09 NIA
Al.01•• MJN,V41071 PI L.P. 5190499 11.401.030 5223300 14.0% 27.8% 72.2% /21% 11.9% 09 WA
AND, 11•••wata VII. LP. 5332.787 521:00.030 50 Ma 25.64 174% 744% 147% WA NIA
Areli.• 11••••Inal LLIII3
/4X/MIT. L.V. 11.017.345 11.6(0.030 50100 3.8% 0.0% 55.0% 510% 39.1% 10.4 205
AND, VAL, Mamma. L.P. 564.492 5603.000 520.4:61 3.3% 45.0% 55.0% 550% 101% 3.1 9.7
ANIL, Mi nuworae. LP 5278.443 $1000.030 117.617 1.011 0.0% 55.0% 510% 15.1% 15.8 9.9
moll> Ask Matoommi. LP 144.00 5310.0)0 111.410 3.8% 43.0% 33.0% 510% 14.7% 3.8 8.9
AND> Ea", Manprement. L.P. 506.119 1529.010 522.100 4.4% 45.0% 55.0% 55.0% 93.0% 21.1 21.8
Mull> Akentow MAO. LP. 5;342.441 5231.0)0 130.200 13.1% 43.0% 35.0% 510% 1412% 11.3 17.8
Atoll./ EPF 344444sett. LP 5111.811 5303.000 56.975 1.3% 45.0% 55.0% 55.0% 10.3% 4.4 00
Na Pool Slameam. LP. 5124474 111 $15.430 WA 00% 1000% 1010% NIA 41 00
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EFTA00608524
EXHIBIT E-1
APOLLO MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS,
PRICE/NAV & DIVIDEND YIELDS FOR PUBLICLY-TRADED
CLOSED-END INVESTMENT COMPANIES INVESTING
IN LOW YIELD CAPITAL APPRECIATION SECURITIES
AS OF APRIL 16, 2007
(DISCOUNT FROM)/
PRICE NAV PREMIUM OVER INDICATED DIVIDEND
# COMPANY TICKER 4/13/2007* PER SHARE* NAV DIVIDENDS** YIELD
1 Adams Express Company ADX 14.34 16.44 -12.8% 0.16 1.1%
2 Central Securities CET 27.17 31.15 -12.8% 0.40 1.5%
3 First Trust Value Line 100 FVL 16.94 17.13 -1.1% 0.00 0.0%
4 Gabelli Equity Trust GAB 9.97 9.77 2.0% 0.21 2.1%
5 General American Investors GAM 38.04 42.57 -10.6% 0.36 1.0%
3 Tri-Continental Corporation TY 24.45 26.43 -7.5% 0.28 1.1%
MEDIAN -9.1% 1.1%
MEAN -7.1% 1.1%
' Barron's 4/16/07
"4 www.ettconnect.com
EFTA00608525
EXHIBIT E-2
APOLLO MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS, .
PRICE/NAV & DIVIDEND YIELDS FOR PUBLICLY-TRADED
CLOSED-END INVESTMENT COMPANIES INVESTING
IN VENTURE CAPITAL SECURITIES
AS OF APRIL 16. 2007
(DISCOUNT FROM):
PRICE NAV PREMIUM OVER INDICATED DIVIDEND
# COMPANY TICKER 4 13x2007" PER SHARE* NAV DIVIDENDS" YIELD
1 Engex EGX 9.09 9.15 -0.7% 0.00 0.0`0
2 Equus II EQS 9.18 11.28 -18.6% 0.00 0.0`0
MEDIAN -9.6% 0.0%
MEAN -9.6% 0.0%
• Barron's 4/16/07
www.etfoonneacom
EFTA00608526
EXHIBIT E-3
PRICE/NAV & DIVIDEND YIELDS FOR PUBLICLY-TRADED
CLOSED-END INVESTMENT COMPANIES INVESTING
IN WORLD EQUITY SECURITIES
AS OF APRIL 16, 2007
(DISCOUNT FROM):
PRICE NAV PREMUM OVER INDICATED DIVIDEND
N COMPANY TICKER 413200T PER SHARE' NAV DIVIDENDS** YIELD
1 Naerdoen Animal Equily Fund IAF 18.31 15.37 6.1% 1.26 7.8%
2 Ada Pacific Fund 628 2238 2527 .15% 0.12 0.5%
3 Aga Tigers Fund MB 21.26 .5.4% 0.00 0.0%
4 Bwi4044 Global °pommies Equity 2652 1 0.4% 2.26 7.9%
Trusl BGE 28.63
5 Etiddlk SIP Duality Rariergs Global Equty Managed Trust Bay 26 20.09 -11% 0.90 4.9%
6 EfiaCN0Ck Wrin ine08tM0114 Trust BYS 18..
723 ,17.14 0.5% 1.37 7.9%
7 Crianne Gh0W Trial Return Fund GOD 17.42 06 -25% 1.17 6.7%
8 Camden General Uwe:Inane T.CGI 27.92 34.10 1970%
1% 0.24 0.9%
9 Canaden World Fund Limited 1MtifE 6.76 623 0.00 0.0%
10 Central Europe 8 Rune& Fund ScEE 53.96 59.67 -9.6% 0.58 1.1%
11 Chile Fuld Qd 1810 19.74 0.06 0.3%
12 Clime Fund CM 34.70 39.13 -5.3
-11.3% 0.30 0.9%
13 Clough Gebel rilcarian Fund GLY 20.80 2280 -98% 1.44 6.9%
14 Clough Gobal Equity Fund g-W 20.32 22.40 .95% 1.36 6.7%
15 Clough Gobal Cpprilunny GLI2 17.44 19.42 -10.2% 1.20 6.9%
16 Eaton Vance Tax Advantage Octal 17160end income EEG 27.05 29.36 -7.9% 1,50 5.5%
17 Eaten Vance Tax Advantage Gcbal °Mcleod Onaorlurries aQ' 32.74 33.83 -26% 110 5.5%
18 Eaten Vance Tax Managed Global Buy Wrile Opparturilies ElYL 20.01 19.74 1.4% 110 9.0%
19 Emoting Markets Telecommuricalone Rad EIE 19.99 21 0
1 14
1 -5.4% 0.00 0.0%
20 European Equly Fund donne* Germany Fun) EEA 12.77 .99% 0.38 3.0%
21 First Israel MI. 1810 20.19 .7.4% 0.17 0.9%
22 Greater CnIne Fund seal 25.50 27.77 -82% 0.45 1.8%
23 MG Ohba/ Advanage and Premium Orporturtly Fund IGA 22.11 21.41 3.3% 1.66 8.4%
24 MG Global Equity Oridend Premum LCIL! 21.04 20.41 3.1% 137 8.9%
25 WM Fund al 40.90 43.10 -5.1% 3.46 8.5%
28 hdonesia Fund tF 10.79 9.76 10.6% 0.06 0.5%
27 Japan Ecriiri JO 8.72 84 -1.4% 0.15 1.7%
28 Japan Smaller Cep Fund ME 12.21 1126
1. 8. 0.41 3.4%
29 Jardne Fleming Grins Re544.1 Fund a 20.57 1
28 17
2.0 -11.2% 0.15 0.7%
30 Korea Ego* ME 11.03 -16% 0.00 0.0%
31 Korea Fund ASE 34.97 3759 -7.0% 0.45 1.3%
32 Lailn American ECIU4Y la 47.04 51.70 -9.2% 0.53 1.1%
33 Lan American Dscovery WE an 3033 -7.3% 0.77 2.7%
34 Lazard Global TC4al Rahn, & Income Fund LQI 22.37 24.04 -6.9% 1.25 5.6%
35 Lazard ViceM Omdend 8 Income MB 23.43 10
23107 -1.8% 1.40 6.0%
36 Malaysia Fund ME 9.37 0.08 0.9%
37 Mexico Eqully 8 Income Fund MAE 33.61 : 127 ;0
76% 0.13 0.4%
38 AleHC0 Fund yiE 40.86 4
39
2.2
75 0.34 0.8%
39 Morgan Stanley Assa.PacAc Fund APF 19.94 -103% 0.46 2.3%
40 Morgan &-snley Eastern Europa Find BEIE 3913 22.35
41.40 -7.9% 0.00 0.0%
41 Morgan Stanley En144902 Markele Fund M.0 27.41 -9.4% 0.24 0.9%
Morgan Stanley1mM OF 45.60 47.50
3024 -4.0% 0.00 0.0%
43 New Germany GE 17.47 18.92 -7.7% 0.21 12%
44 New Ireland 181. 36.92 36.19 2.0% 0.24 0.7%
45 Nicnolm.Applegari rill Premium & Strategy Fund NM 30.20 29.22 3.4% 2.15 7.1%
48 Sngapore Find &GE 17.90 1833 .4.4% 0.66 3.7%
47 Wes Helvetia €Z 20.43 2230 -14% 0.00 0.1%
48 Taiwan Fund TWN 1829 2031 -11% 0.06 0.3%
49 Taiwan Greater Chan Find TEC 6.49 7.00 -7.3% 0.00 0.0%
50 Temps:ion Dragon Fund 112E 24.54 26.62 -7.8% 0.37 1.5%
51 Temririon Emargng Markets Fuld EMF 17.94 1956 .13% 0.64 3.5%
52 Ternricton Russia & Easl European Fund IRE 74.68 52% 0.94 1.3%
53 Thal Canal I.E 11.63 10.69
70.95 la% 0.26 2.4%
54 Thal Fund DE 10.17 956 6.2% 0.26 2.5%
55 Third Camden General Inveriment Trust LIM 50.48 5835 -14.1% 0.30 0.6%
56 Turkish Investment Fund ME 18.32 17.50 4.7% 023 1.3%
ISOM -7.1% 1.4%
MEAN -49% SA%
* Etarrais 414597
wwwedccemnot corn
EFTA00608527