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GULFSTREAM IV
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
AIR CONDITIONING AND PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM - SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
1. General
A. Description
The environmental control system provides for pressurization, heating, cooling, ventilation and the
means for reduction of humidity in flight or on the ground. True air conditioning is classified as
heating or cooling as necessary to maintain a specific level of temperature within the occupied
areas of the aircraft, regardless of the ambient temperatures or the operating conditions.
Pressurization is the control over the pressure within the occupied areas. Supplemental cooling air
to the left radio rack, right radio rack, nose compartment, cockpit pedestal, Cathode Ray Tube
(CRT) display No. 1 and CRT display No. 2 is provided by mounted fans. The cooling fans help to
prevent avionics and electronics equipment from overheating and malfunctioning by circulating air
over and around equipment.
The air conditioning system is a 3-wheel, air bearing, Air Cycle Machine (ACM), packaged
refrigeration unit, which controls the cabin and cockpit temperature by means of mixing hot
compressed air and refrigerated compressed air. The dual pack concept provides redundancy in
case one unit fails. By air cycle, it is meant that cooling is provided by means of a thermodynamic
cycle using only air as the medium (as opposed to vapor cycle systems which employ Freon or
other similar gases). The system also employs water separation for humidity reduction.
The pressurization system consists of electronic sensing and regulating devices which control the
amount of air leaving the aircraft. A pneumatic safety valve is also incorporated, which will
automatically regulate the maximum pressure in the aircraft should the automatic electronic control
system fail to function properly. If required, the safety valve will limit the maximum pressure buildup
within the pressurized areas (safety pressure relief) and also is the primary control device over the
maximum negative pressure (vacuum differential). Suitable controls and indications for the system
are located in the cockpit to enable the crew to perform programming, select automatic or manual
modes of control, observe the status of the system with appropriate indicators and be alerted to
possible malfunctions by means of appropriate warning devices.
During normal in-flight operation, hot compressed air is supplied from the bleed air manifold. This is
High Pressure (HP) bleed air which is temperature and pressure controlled and can be obtained
from either or both engines by the selection of the crew. Cooling is provided by air cycle cooling
equipment consisting of a primary heat exchanger, a secondary heat exchanger and a air cycle
machine which are capable of reducing the temperature of the air from the bleed air manifold to
values below ambient. Humidity reduction is accomplished by a mechanical water separator.
Temperature control of the occupied areas is accomplished by varying the amounts of hot bleed air
manifold air which bypasses the cooling equipment. Separate temperature control is provided for
the cabin and the cockpit through controls located in the cockpit overhead panel.
A feature of the air conditioning system is that it functions independently when on the ground.
Although the main engines are not operating, and without a ground pneumatic supply (ground cart)
or external electrical supply, complete air conditioning is provided by the auxiliary power unit
supplying the hot compressed air for the bleed air manifold. The ground operation of the air
conditioning system is essentially the same as in flight except that air flow across the heat
exchangers is achieved by the use of a pneumatically driven cooling fan which is rigidly attached to
the ACM turbine wheels by a common drive shaft. Provisions are also supplied for an external air
connection, whereby an external ground hot compressed air source may be used to supply the
bleed air manifold and in turn the air conditioning system.
Should either or both engines be operating, the crew may select either or both engines as a supply
of hot compressed air for the bleed air manifold and in turn the air conditioning system, in the same
manner as for the in-flight operation.
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Ram air ventilation is provided from the dorsal fin ram air duct during certain emergency
procedures.
Normal control over occupied area pressure is exercised by the crew through a completely
electronic pressurization system, which features two modes of control over the outflow valve from
two different electrical sources, backed up by a purely pneumatic safety valve in the event of total
electrical malfunction. Normal flight operation is programmed by the crew through controls located
in the overhead panel and copilot lower outboard instrument panel. A minimum of actions are
required in flight since the majority of the programming can be accomplished by the crew while on
the ground before takeoff. The system features barometric correction capabilities and programming
of all flight and landing settings. These settings may be changed by the crew enroute it necessary.
It utilizes the latest analog devices incorporated with reliability, safety and passenger comfort as the
prime considerations.
Numerous safety and backup devices are provided in the overall system, including:
• Manual electrical control over the system should the automatic system malfunction or if
selected by crew
• Depressurization rate detection and limiting
• Pressurization rate limiting (pneumatic)
• Independent safety pressure relief and maximum vacuum differential relief (pneumatic)
2. Major Component Locations
NO. PER
UNIT LOCATION
AtC
Nose compartment cooling fan 1 Nose avionics bay, Fuselage Station (FS) 63
Nose compartment commutating module 1 Nose avionics bay, FS 63
Cabin DFRN PRESS indicator (digital) 1 Cockpit overhead panel
CABIN ALT indicator (digital) 1 Cockpit overhead panel
Cabin RC indicator (digital) 1 Cockpit overhead panel
CABIN PRESSURE CONTROL 1 Cockpit overhead panel
BLEED AIR indicator 1 Cockpit overhead panel
CABIN / CKPT TEMP CONTROL indicator 1 Cockpit overhead panel
(digital)
Cabin temperature selector rheostat (MAN) 1 Cockpit overhead panel
Cockpit temperature selector rheostat 1 Cockpit overhead panel
(MAN)
L BLEED AIR circuit breaker 1 Pilot Overhead circuit breaker panel
R BLEED AIR circuit breaker 1 Pilot Overhead circuit breaker panel
CKPT/CABIN TEMP IND circuit breaker 1 Pilot Overhead circuit breaker panel
CABIN PRESS 28V circuit breaker 1 Pilot Overhead circuit breaker panel
AIR INLET DOOR circuit breaker 1 Pilot Overhead circuit breaker panel
CABIN PRESS 115V circuit breaker 1 Pilot Overhead circuit breaker panel
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NO. PER
UNIT LOCATION
A/C
CABIN PRESS IND circuit breaker 1 Pilot Overhead circuit breaker panel
L BLEED AIR IND circuit breaker 1 Pilot Overhead circuit breaker panel
R BLEED AIR IND circuit breaker 1 Pilot Overhead circuit breaker panel
BLEED AIR ISO S/O V circuit breaker 1 Pilot Overhead circuit breaker panel
CKPT TEMP CONT circuit breaker 1 Pilot Overhead circuit breaker panel
L AIR COND circuit breaker 1 Pilot Overhead circuit breaker panel
R AIR COND circuit breaker 1 Pilot Overhead circuit breaker panel
SGL PACK circuit breaker 1 Pilot Overhead circuit breaker panel
CABIN TEMP CONT circuit breaker 1 Pilot Overhead circuit breaker panel
ADC XFER circuit breaker 1 Pilot Overhead circuit breaker panel
NUTCRACKER circuit breaker 1 Copilot Overhead circuit breaker panel
WARN LTS PWR #1 circuit breaker 1 Pilot circuit breaker panel
WARN LTS PWR #2 circuit breaker 1 Pilot circuit breaker panel
WARN LTS PWR #8 circuit breaker 1 Pilot circuit breaker panel
WARN LTS PWR #10 circuit breaker 1 Pilot circuit breaker panel
PED COOL FAN circuit breaker 1 Copilot circuit breaker panel
LH RR COOL FAN circuit breaker 1 Copilot circuit breaker panel
NOSE COMPT COOL VLV circuit breaker 1 Copilot circuit breaker panel
DISPLAY MASTER #1 circuit breaker 1 Copilot circuit breaker panel
DISPLAY MASTER #2 circuit breaker 1 Copilot circuit breaker panel
DADC #1 circuit breaker 1 Copilot circuit breaker panel
DADC #2 circuit breaker 1 Copilot circuit breaker panel
DISPLAYS FAN #1 circuit breaker 1 Copilot circuit breaker panel
DISPLAYS FAN #2 circuit breaker 1 Copilot circuit breaker panel
RH RR COOL FAN circuit breaker 1 Copilot circuit breaker panel
RH RR FAN CONT circuit breaker 1 Copilot circuit breaker panel
Cabin pressurization selector 1 Copilot outboard skirt panel
Radio rack fan conrol panel 1 Copilot side console
Cabin / cockpit temperature control sensor 1 Left side of pedestal
Cockpit pedestal cooling fan 1 Lower rear of pedestal
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NO. PER
UNIT LOCATION
AJC
CRT display cooling fan 2 Under cabin floor, FS 95, WL 81 - Left and right
side
Cockpit temperature sensor 1 Cockpit, FS 133 - Right side
Left radio rack cooling fan 1 Left radio rack (floor level), FS 181 - 193
Air Data Computer (ADC) 2 Left and right radio rack
Cabin differential pressure transducer 1 Right radio rack, FS 133
Cabin pressure power supply 1 Right radio rack, FS 133
Airflow sensor 1 Right radio rack (mounted to Right cooling fan)
Outflow valve 1 Right radio rack, FS 140 - right side
Safety valve 1 Right radio rack, FS 155 - right side
Commutating module 1 Right radio rack, FS 158 - 169
Right radio rack cooling fan 1 Right radio rack, FS 158 - 169
Pressurization transducer 1 Right radio rack, FS 165 - right side
Pressurization rate switch 1 Right radio rack, FS 181 - right side
Cabin press warning (aneroid) switch 1 Right radio rack, FS 181 - left side
Resistors 2 Main junction & relay box / panel (324/325)
Cabin / cockpit temperature controller 2 Entrance compartment (FLR-15)
L and R CRT commutating module 2 Under FLR-15, FS 158 -169
Cabin duct temp anticipator sensor 1 Under Baggage Floor, FS 527 (FLR-58)
Cockpit silencer 2 Forward Cabin (FLR-22 and FLR-26)
Cabin silencer 1 Aft Cabin (FLR-56)
Cockpit duct temp anticipator sensor 1 Main Wheel Well, FS 452
Cabin temperature control sensor 2 Location determined by furnishing agency
Cabin / cockpit face air duct check valve 2 Tail compartment, FS 580 - Left and right sides
(1.5 in. diameter)
Cabin / cockpit air duct check valve 2 Tail compartment, FS 580 - Left and right sides
(3.0 in. diameter)
Water separator anti-ice sensor 2 Tail compartment, FS 620 - Left and right sides
Bypass duct assembly 2 Tail compartment, FS 620 - Left and right sides
Water separator anti-ice valve 2 Tail compartment, FS 640 - Left and right sides
Bleed air pressure transducer 2 Tail compartment, FS 650.75 - Left and right
sides
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NO. PER
UNIT LOCATION
AJC
Primary heat exchanger 2 Tail compartment, FS 659 - Left and right sides
Secondary heat exchanger 2 Tail compartment, FS 659 - Left and right sides
Water separator cooling fan 2 Tail compartment, FS 659 - Left and right sides
ACM bypass shut-off valve 2 Tail compartment, FS 659 (top) - Left and right
sides
ACM bypass check valve 2 Tail compartment, FS 659 - Left and right sides
Servo air pressure regulator valve 2 Tail compartment, Approx. FS 660 - Left and
right sides
ACM compressor outlet overheat 2 Tail compartment, FS 665 (top) - Left and right
sides
Ram air check valve 1 Tail compartment, FS 666 - Left side
Air cond shut-off and flow regulating valve 2 Tail compartment, FS 682.25 (top) - Left and
right sides
Cabin / cockpit ozone converter 2 Tail compartment, FS 705.625 - Left and right
sides
3. Major Components
A. Bleed Air Manifold
The bleed air manifold is utilized as the source of hot compressed air for the air conditioning system.
This air is available from one or both engines and APU or external air supply (on ground only).
The bleed air manifold delivers air to using systems, one of which is the air conditioning system. The
air is delivered at approximately 400°F and at a maximum of approximately 40 psig. This air is
delivered to the air conditioning shut-off and flow regulating valves (hereafter known as the air
conditioning shut-off valves) through T-fittings in the bleed air manifold located in the tail
compartment. See Figure E
B. Air Conditioning Shut-off and Flow Regulating Valve
This valve can serve as a shut-off valve for the air conditioning system when system operation is to
be terminated or as a flow regulator when air conditioning system is in operation. The valve is a
pneumatically operated device with an internal electrical solenoid. As in all pneumatically operated
valves in this system, upstream duct pressure is used as the operating force. The valve is a 2 1/2
inch normally open butterfly type device which incorporates as part of the assembly a servo, an
actuator and a venturi body. See Figure al
An internal shut-off electrical solenoid, when energized, ports operating air from the upstream side
(bleed air manifold) of valve directly into diaphragm chamber and closes the valve. This prevents
any air from entering the air conditioning system, thus operation of system is terminated. With a
source of air in the bleed air manifold and shut-off solenoid de-energized, valve butterfly moves
toward the open position and airflow through venturi body starts again. As this valve functions as a
flow regulating device, airflow through the venturi portion of the valve, coupled with inlet air
pressure, creates a differential across the differential pressure servo. This signal starts to modulate
the valve butterfly toward the closed position. A second signal comes from the altitude bias servo
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aneroid bellows, which adjusts the preload spring tension on the differential pressure servo, thereby
causing airflow to be controlled commensurate with aircraft altitude (ambient barometric pressure).
Electrical shut-off solenoid energizing will cause valve to be pressurized to the full close position.
There are three ways to energize solenoid and close the valve:
• Placing right or left PACK CONT switches OFF
• On the ground, if discharge side of either ACM compressors reach 450°F (ground
configuration only)
• When crew depresses either ENGINE START selector switch to START position the left pack
solenoid is energized when MASTER CRANK START switch is selected)
• The RAM switch on cockpit overhead panel will close both air conditioning shut-off valves
In all of the above, air conditioning must be terminated because of a malfunction of some
component in the refrigeration system on ground.
NOTE: As the various electrical circuits which control the air conditioning shut-off valves are
involved with devices concerned with other parts of the system, these involvements will be
covered later in this chapter. Refer to the Wiring Diagram Manual for electrical schematics.
Downstream of air conditioning shut-off valve, the duct splits into two paths, one going to primary
heat exchangers which is the first stage of cooling and the other forward to cabin and cockpit
temperature control valves which is the bypass route.
C. Temperature Control System
From discharge side of the air conditioning shut-off valve, hot compressed air can take two available
paths, through refrigeration unit or through temperature control valves. Amount of hot compressed
air which will flow through the temperature control valves into outlet ducting is based on butterfly
valve position. The remainder of hot compressed air from air conditioning shut-off valve must go
through the refrigeration unit to be reduced in temperature and then rejoin the hot air downstream
of temperature control valves in right proportion to become temperature controlled air. It is the
position of temperature control butterfly valve which determines compartment temperature by
mixing hot and refrigerated air to attain the desired compartment temperature. See Figure I3
In order to control compartment temperature, position of the appropriate temperature control valve
must be varied accordingly. All temperature control devices in a system of this type are directed
toward control of the temperature control valves. There are several units which comprise each valve
system which will be discussed together.
The temperature control valve system for cabin / cockpit consists of the following units:
• 2 Cabin / cockpit temperature control valves
• 2 Air pressure regulator valves
• 2 Cabin / cockpit temperature controllers
• 2 Cabin / cockpit temperature selectors
• 1 Cockpit duct temperature sensor
• 2 Cockpit temperature control sensors
• 2 Cabin temperature control sensors
• 1 Cabin duct temperature sensor
• 2 Cockpit temperature sensors
All of the above units have a function in operation of the temperature control valve as follows:
(1) Cabin / Cockpit Temperature Control Valves
Each of the two temperature control valves is a 2 inch diameter pneumatic modulating
butterfly valve. The valve is normally closed. With no pneumatic pressure applied to its
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diaphragm chamber, an internal spring mechanism will maintain butterfly in the closed
position. The valve requires pneumatic pressure to open butterfly and the amount of opening
may be controlled by varying pneumatic pressure applied. Each valve is controlled by
pneumatic pressure which originates at a T-fitting upstream of the valve which comes from left
or right servo control system respectively. Duct pressure is then routed to a device known as
the servo pressure regulator valve.
(2) Air Pressure Regulator Valves
The air pressure regulator valves control pressure to the temperature control valves in
accordance with a signal received from electrical control devices. The valve converts an
electrical signal into a pneumatic signal. This pneumatic signal in turn positions the
temperature control valve accordingly. The valve reflects information supplied to it from
certain electrical control devices.
The electrical control devices which supply the air pressure regulator valves with temperature
information consist of 2 controllers, 4 thermostats and 2 anticipators.
(3) Cabin / Cockpit Temperature Controllers
The controller is a solid state box which interprets the various inputs and sends an electrical
signal to the air pressure regulator valves. Input power for the air pressure regulator valve is
from 28 V essential dc bus through appropriate circuit breakers and control switches. The
crew exercises control over compartment temperature by manipulation of the selector
rheostat located on the overhead panel in cockpit. Manually moving rheostat changes the
resistance. This change is reflected back to the controller, therefore the crew has informed
controller of desired temperature. Refer to the Wiring Diagram Manual for electrical
schematic. See Figures
Six temperature sensitive elements per system (2 cabin / cockpit temperature control
sensors, 2 cabin / cockpit temperature sensor and 2 cabin / cockpit duct temperature
anticipators sensors) supply additional information electrically to the cabin / cockpit
temperature controller relating compartment temperature, duct temperature and temperature
of air exhausted from the compartment involved. These factors are compared to desired
temperature information from the selector rheostat and solid state controller then provides dc
output signal to the air pressure regulator valves to control cabin / cockpit temperature control
valves position. Additional functions of anticipator are to provide a rate of change control over
the system and also to sense when duct temperature has reached a maximum allowable
value.
(4) Cabin / Cockpit Temperature Control Sensors
The temperature sensors are dual elements consisting of two separate sections. One section
provides temperature information to the cabin / cockpit temperature controllers, while the
other element is actually a temperature bulb for the cabin air temperature indicator (digital)
which is located in the overhead panel in cockpit. On Aircraft having ASC 162 a third sensor
is added. It is used for temperature indication only. Refer to the Wiring Diagram Manual for
electrical schematic. See Figures
NOTE: The cabin / cockpit thermostats are identical parts. The thermostats are identical for
interchangeability purposes.
(5) Anticipators
The anticipator elements consist of a triple thermistor sensing element whose connections
terminate at a common disconnect. It is duct mounted downstream of the temperature control
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valve in the temperature controlled air duct, but upstream of the actual compartment outlet.
Refer to the Wiring Diagram Manual for electrical schematic. See Figure 5
The three independent sensing elements which comprise this unit are:
• A lagged element which is provided with a thermal barrier (this is part of the rate of
change circuit of controller)
• An unlagged element which is directly exposed to airflow in duct (this is part of the rate
of change circuit of controller)
• A high limit element which is part of the duct temperature limiter circuit within controller
The cabin and cockpit anticipators are identical, interchangeable units. Due to the fact that all
three parts of element are hard wired into a common plug and common housing, a
malfunction of any one of the three parts requires removal and replacement of entire unit.
(6) Cockpit Temperature Sensor (Cockpit Only)
This sensor consists of a single thermistor sensing element with a single disconnect providing
the electrical connections. This unit works with the compartment thermostat to feed
temperature information into controller. The cockpit sensor is located on FS 133 bulkhead,
forward right side.
(7) Temperature Control Valve
Incorporated in aircraft air conditioning system is a crossover capability. In the event of major
component failure, the crew can manually select the remaining operative system by placing L
or R PACK CONT switch to OFF. If necessary, crew may place both systems off by selecting
L and R PACK CONT switches to OFF.
An explanation of the operation of this crossover function is as follows:
(a) To pressurize both refrigeration units using both engines select L and R ENG BLEED
AIR switches to ON. This will energize both bleed air pressure regulator and shut-off
valves to open allowing bleed air pressure to be delivered to the air conditioning shut-
off and control valves. Placing L and R PACK switches ON, bleed air pressure will be
allowed to flow through these valves and to refrigeration units where air will be
conditioned to desired temperature and delivered to cabin / cockpit.
(b) In the event of loss of one engine, BLEED AIR switch for operating engine will be
selected ON and inoperative engine BLEED AIR switch OFF. The ISOLATION switch
will be placed in OPEN allowing the single engine to pressurize the whole bleed air
manifold. To obtain full air conditioning, place L and R PACK switches ON.
(c) In the event of loss of one refrigeration unit, select inoperative side OFF and ensure
BLEED AIR switch of operating side is ON. Place TEMP CONTROL switch for operative
side to ON and bleed air will be routed from engine through the air conditioning system
shut-off and control valve through the operating refrigeration unit to cabin / cockpit.
NOTE: Due to the crossover ducting, cabin overhead outlets on both sides will be
operative. The main system supply lines also have a crossover duct allowing
the main ducts to be operative during single pack operation.
In addition to the source selection switches, there are two TEMP CONTROL knobs
labeled AUTO-OFF-MANUAL that have variable temperature range settings from HOT
to COLD. When in single pack operation only the temperature control valve of operating
pack can be controlled. During dual pack operation cabin and cockpit temperatures are
independently regulated. Cabin and cockpit temperatures may be monitored by digital
read outs located directly above the TEMP CONTROL knobs.
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D. Distribution System
Downstream of the temperature control valves the hot compressed air which passed through the
valves is joined by that portion of the air which was refrigerated. The hot and cold air are mixed
downstream of the valves to become temperature controlled air. The cabin and cockpit having
separate temperature control valves and distribution systems will be covered separately.
The cockpit distribution system consists of the ducting from the cockpit temperature control valve,
the refrigerated air duct, an air duct check valve, a silencer and four outlets in the cockpit. There are
two controllable side (or shoulder) outlets and two noncontrollable foot outlets, one each on the pilot
side and the copilot side. See Figure B
The cabin distribution system consists of ducting from the cabin temperature control valve,
refrigerated air check valve, a silencer and two baseboard shaped outlets running practically the
entire length of the cabin on both sides. A fluted skirt near the floor level allows the air from the
baseboard to enter the compartment.
(1) Cabin and Cockpit Air Check Valves
These are swing checks installed in the compartment ducting. They will only allow air to pass
in a forward direction. Should the air attempt to reverse and pass in a rearward direction,
valves would close preventing backflow.
(2) Cabin and Cockpit Silencers
Each compartment ducting incorporates a silencer installed under the floor for noise
attenuation. These silencers are located as follows:
• Cockpit silencer - approximately FS 219 to 255, forward section of cabin
• Cabin silencer - approximately FS 498 to 534, aft section of cabin
These silencers function to suppress the air noise coming from the engine bleed air ducts.
E. Refrigeration System
Bleed air not bypassing the temperature control valves is routed into the refrigeration section of
aircraft. See Figure B This system consists of the following major components:
• Primary heat exchanger
• Air Cycle Machine (ACM) and ACM overtemp thermal switch
• Secondary heat exchanger
• ACM bypass check valve bypass duct assembly
• Water separator anti-ice valve with associated sensor
• Water separator unit
Cooling is accomplished by two methods, heat exchangers and by an expansion turbine (air cycling
machine). Dehumidification is accomplished by a mechanical water separator which is prevented
from icing by means of an anti-ice system.
(1) Primary Heat Exchanger
The primary heat exchanger is the first stage of refrigeration. It utilizes ram air from the dorsal
fin ram air inlet as a coolant. This is a single pass heat exchanger mounted on left and right
sides of tail compartment.
Just downstream of the outlet of the primary heat exchanger the duct takes a two way split,
one duct going into the eye of compressor section of air cycle machine and the other
bypassing the entire air cycle machine and secondary heat exchanger. This air passes
through the water separator anti-ice valve into the anti-ice muff assembly.
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(2) Air Cycle Machine (ACM)
The ACM is an expansion turbine which reduces temperature by causing the air to perform
useful work and in doing so causes a pressure and temperature drop. The work extracted
from the airstream in the turbine section is absorbed by operating a compressor wheel which
is directly shafted to the turbine wheel located in a separate chamber on the upstream side of
the unit. A large percentage of the work which is extracted from the airstream by the turbine
is used by the compressor wheel. As the compressor wheel is performing work on the
upstream air its pressure and temperature are increased. This is called the bootstrap principle
which is actually a pressure recovery system used in modern air cycle systems.
With the ACM in full operation (no air going through the anti-ice valve), the airflow would be
through the compressor section through the secondary heat exchanger into the nozzle of the
turbine section. then out the eye of the turbine section into the mixing muff.
The ACM check valve is provided to permit air flow around the compressor section of the
ACM when pressure ratios are less than 1.0 It also prevents reverse flow when ratios are
greater than one. This unit is a pneumatically actuated, spring-loaded closed, split flapper in
line check valve. The valve is located in a 1.5 inch duct between the primary and secondary
heat exchangers (between the ACM compressor inlet line and compressor outlet line). See
Figure 0
NOTE: The following are recommended air conditioning pack operations using APU air:
• On aircraft with air cycle machines P/N 2204700-01-01 through 2204700-4-1,
operate both packs whenever APU is the bleed air source.
• On aircraft with air cycle machines P/N 2204700-05-01 and subsequent, operate
single pack as provided in this section. Operate right pack whenever APU is the
bleed air source and engine starting will occur. Operate left pack whenever APU
is the bleed air source and engine starting will not occur. These procedures will
reduce the thermal transients on the APU turbine and reduce cabin pressure
surges (bumps).
(3) Secondary Heat Exchanger
This is a single pass heat exchanger which is installed adjacent to the primary heat
exchangers in the tail compartment, lett and right sides. This heat exchanger also utilizes ram
air from the dorsal fin ram air inlet as a coolant.
(4) Cooling Fan
Ground air conditioning presents additional requirements to the system. On the ground there
is no ram air, thus no coolant airflow across primary and secondary heat exchangers. This
airflow must be supplied, otherwise the refrigeration equipment will overheat. In addition there
are times when air conditioning system operation must be terminated due to high demands
from bleed air manifold, such as during engine starts. Being a self-supporting aircraft it must
be capable of being air conditioned by use of the APU even if main engines are not operating.
With few exceptions, airflow through the system when in ground operation is the same from
the bleed air manifold to the compartment outlets. The essential difference is in the source of
ram airflow for heat exchangers. This is accomplished through a 3-bladed axial flow fan which
is an integral component of the ACM. It is physically attached to a common shaft with the
compressor and turbine wheels of the ACM and rotates in consonance with them. It provides
cooling air flow across the primary and secondary heat exchanges whenever the air
conditioning unit is in operation. Air for cooling is delivered through the dorsal fin ram air inlet
inflight and through that inlet plus a flapper door in the refrigeration unit ducting on the
ground. All air is then ported overboard. The cooling fan cannot be individually controlled.
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(5) ACM Bypass Shut-off Valve
Included in the Environmental Control System (ECS) are two ACM bypass shut-off valves and
associated ducting. The ACM bypass shut-off valves are 1.5 inch nominal diameter valves
which allow airflow around the turbine section of the ACM whenever open. The unit receives
its signals from the air data computer which opens valves at an altitude of 42,000 feet or
greater and closes valves at an altitude of 40,000 feet or less. The valve is spring-loaded to
close in event of failure. The valve contains a visual position indicator and a relief regulator for
actuator overpressure protection. See Figure g
When the solenoid valve is energized, inlet air upstream of the valve's butterfly valve is
admitted to the actuator diaphragm. When this pressure overcomes the spring force, the
butterfly valve moves to the open position. When the solenoid valve is de-energized, actuator
pressure is vented through the solenoid valve allowing the actuator spring to close the
butterfly valve.
F. Water Separator System
Expansion through the cooling turbine reduces discharge temperatures below ambient
temperatures and the low discharge temperature forces moisture in the air to condense. This
moisture would produce high humidity and greatly lessen passenger comfort if not removed.
The water separator provides a mechanical means of water removal and consists of two sections.
The inlet section is a coalescer (meaning "to cause to come together). It makes a few large drops
from many small droplets by passing the moisture laden airstream through a coarse mesh cloth bag
and a set of swirl vanes. The airstream is forced to swirl or spin so that the large drops are spun to
the outside walls by centrifugal force, where they are collected by the second section, or collector
and deposited into the water separator sump. From the sump, water taken out of the air is plumbed
to the secondary heat exchanger through a water spray aspirator (single stage jet pump) to assist
in cooling the air. The separator is capable of removing approximately 80% of all water passing
through it, including water vapor.
The water separator also contains a relief valve, which, if the cloth coalescer bag is clogged, will
bypass the air through the unit. In this case, dehumidification will not take place.
G. Water Separator Anti-Ice System
Normally, cooling turbine discharge temperatures fall low enough so that water is not only
condensed, but will freeze. To prevent the coalescer bag of the water separator from becoming
clogged with ice crystals and restricting airflow. a water separator anti-ice system is installed. The
system consists of the water separator anti-ice valve (anti-ice air modulating valve), and a
combination anti-ice sensor and controller. The components are located in the tail compartment.
See Figure S
As can be seen from Figure ❑1 or Figure E the anti-ice valve will bypass extremely warm primary
heat exchanger air around the ACM and secondary heat exchanger when open. This air is directed
into the mixing muff, upstream of the water separator, increasing the temperature of the air arriving
at the coalescer and preventing the bag from freezing.
(1) Water Separator Anti-Ice Air Modulating Valve
The anti-ice air modulating valve is a 1.5 inch butterfly-type shut-off and modulation valve.
The valve consists of a control pressure port, torque motor and modulation valve, and
butterfly-type diaphragm controlled shut-off valve. A visual position indicator is located on the
bottom of the valve (butterfly shaft).
The anti-ice air modulating valve is mounted on the refrigeration unit, on the mixing muff
assembly at the ACM turbine outlet. The valve controls the refrigeration unit cold air outlet
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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
(mixing muff) temperature to a minimum of 37 ±2°F (nominal) by modulating the flow of
primary heat exchanger discharge air to the mixing muff, which is upstream of the water
separator. When cooling turbine discharge temperatures are below the nominal 37°F, as
sensed by the water separator anti-ice sensor and controller (located immediately
downstream of the water separator), the valve is commanded to modulate open, adding warm
air to the cooler turbine discharge air.
The anti-ice air modulating valve is spring-loaded closed, pneumatically actuated and torque
motor controlled. Regulated control bleed air pressure is ported to the supply nozzle of the
torque motor. As the electrical signal to the torque motor is increased, the flapper moves to
increase the supply area and reduce the vent area, thereby applying actuating pressure to the
pneumatic actuator. When this pressure overcomes closing spring force, the valve modulates
toward the open position. Valve position is therefore a function of torque motor input current,
as dictated by signals sent from the water separator anti-ice sensor and controller.
NOTE: The anti-ice air modulating valve has its own torque motor, but not an air pressure
regulator. The 8 ±1 psi regulated air source is being supplied to the torque motor by
the on-side cabin / cockpit temperature control servo air pressure regulator and
torque motor assembly.
(2) Water Separator Anti-Ice Sensor and Controller (Combination Unit)
The water separator anit-ice sensor and controller is an electrical device that is installed at the
discharge side of the water separator. The unit provides an electrical signal to the anti-ice air
modulation valve to control the water separator discharge temperatures to 37 ±2°F (nominal).
This unit consists of a temperature sensor and an electronic controller packaged as a single
assembly.
The controller housing and cover are constructed of lightweight aluminum alloy and
resembles the other controllers used elsewhere in the pneumatic systems. It contains the
appropriate electronic components, most of which are mounted on a single circuit board and
controls water separator / turbine discharge temperatures.
The sensor probe contains glass-bead type thermistor sensing elements. The thermistors are
mounted in the aluminum alloy probe, with windows in the end to expose the tips of the
thermistors to the duct airflow.
The sensor / controller circuitry accepts temperature signals from the sensor probe of the unit
and compares them with a fixed reference signal. The resulting error signal is processed by
an amplifier to generate the required output signal to the valve.
H. Compressor Outlet Overtemperature Warning System
Incorporated on discharge side of compressor section is a 450°F thermal switch. It is the function of
this switch to sense discharge temperature of the compressor section. It there were no airflow or
retarded airflow across heat exchangers, compressor discharge temperature would rise. This switch
would close its contacts at 450° ±15°F and complete a circuit to the UR COOL TURB HOT display
on the Engine Instrument and Crew Alerting System (EICAS).
An additional function of this warning device is in ground configuration. If trip temperature is
reached on the ground, a circuit is completed to EICAS to alert crew members. The same circuit is
completed through ground configuration of nutcracker system, to solenoid of air conditioning shut-
off valve, to terminate air conditioning of aircraft. See FigureIll Refer to the Wiring Diagram Manual
for electrical schematic.
NOTE: In flight, switch only gives a warning to crew members. It is at their discretion what
corrective action they take.
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On ground, switch gives a warning and shuts off air conditioning.
I. Cooling Air Distribution
Dehumidified, refrigerated air from discharge side of water separator is ducted forward, the main
portion joining that part of the hot air which passed through temperature control valves to become
temperature controlled air. Also, refrigerated air from end unit is ducted into one line which serves
furnishing agency installed eyeball outlets. A check valve is installed in each line to prevent
backflow. Provisions are incorporated for the furnishing agency to complete this installation to the
cockpit and cabin, the number of eyeball outlets dependent on the number of seats installed. This
is dehumidified, refrigerated air.
J. Ram Air Ventilation System
In the event of an emergency, crew can select to ventilate aircraft by use of ram air scooped in
through a dorsal fin ram air inlet. In Figures, note the line tapped into the ram air duct just upstream
of primary heat exchanger. This line is routed to the ram air check valve and then to the downstream
side of the left water separator refrigerated air duct. Airflow will move forward through cabin and
cockpit duct check valves into the distribution system.
The check valve will only allow airflow to move from ram air duct into the system ducting. In normal
operation, with air conditioning system operating, duct pressure is always above ram air pressure
and consequently the ram air check valve will be held closed maintaining system integrity.
Selection of ram air ventilation is accomplished by means of the RAM AIR switch being selected to
ON, located in the overhead panel in the cockpit. Placing the switch to ON will supply an electrical
feed from essential dc bus to air conditioning shut-off valves. This will energize the valve solenoids
and stop air conditioning. As duct pressure drops, ram pressure will predominate across the ram air
check valve and ram air ventilation will be in evidence.
Returning RAM AIR switch to OFF will de-energize the air conditioning shut-off valve solenoid,
establishing airflow from the bleed air manifold and system will return to normal operation. The ram
air check valve is located in tail compartment.
NOTE: In ram air ventilation, crew has no control over pressure or temperature of air as it
completely bypasses the temperature control valves.
K. Cockpit / Cabin Air Temperature Indication
A cabin air temperature indicator (digital) is installed in overhead panel in cockpit above air
conditioning system control switches. This indicator is a dc, resistance type, remote indicating digital
device which receives its signal from a temperature bulb which is an integral part of the cabin
thermostat assembly. Refer to the Wiring Diagram Manual for electrical schematics. The other part
of the thermostat assembly is the sensing device for the cabin temperature control system. A
common plug is provided to make the electrical connections to both elements and they are not
replaceable individually. The whole assembly must be removed in the event of a malfunction of
either element.
The location for this sensing element is determined by the furnishing agency in accordance with the
interior design of the compartment.
The indicator incorporates internal lighting which is powered from the 5 Vac lighting control system.
Power for indicator is from the essential 28 Vdc bus through the CKPT/CABIN TEMP IND circuit
breaker located in pilot overhead circuit breaker panel in the cockpit.
The indicator is a three cube, seven segment digital device calibrated in degrees Fahrenheit and
wired to give a maximum reading of 199.
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L. Cabin / Cockpit Ozone Converter
The ozone converters form part of the aircraft air conditioning system for cabin and cockpit. Ozone
converters are installed downstream of the air conditioning shut-off and flow control valve on left
and right sides of tail compartment, at FS 705.625. The converters are sealed units, 6.875 inches in
diameter and 13 inches in length, allowing no internal maintenance or cleaning. These converters
are designed to reduce cabin ozone concentration to a maximum of 0.1 part per million by volume.
M. Cooling Fans
(1) Radio Rack Cooling Fans
(a) Left Radio Rack Cooling Fan
Supplemental cooling for left hand radio rack is provided by a fan mounted at bottom of
the radio rack near floor and rack. Since fan is not thermostatically controlled, it runs
whenever LH RR COOL FAN circuit breaker is depressed on copilot circuit breaker
panel. The fan is powered from the essential 28 Vdc bus.
NOTE: Should it become necessary to replace fan, it is recommended by
manufacturer to also replace the associated commutating module at the same
time.
(b) Right Radio Rack Cooling Fan
Supplemental cooling for the right hand radio rack is provided by an ac voltage fan. The
fan is mounted just below bottom shelf and directs cooling air through the outflow valve.
The fan is only for ground operation.
Power for fan comes from the right main 115 Vac and essential 28 Vdc buses through
RH RR COOL FAN and RH RR FAN CONT circuit breakers located on copilot circuit
breaker panel. On copilot right side console, the radio rack fan control panel
annunciates status of the system. Normal system operation is in the AUTO mode.
Operation of fan is controlled by a switch located on the main entrance door which
activates the fan whenever entrance door is fully opened. There is no thermostatic
control for operating fan. For maintenance purposes, RH RR FAN MANUAL ON switch
located on system monitor panel in right hand radio rack can be activated to allow fan
to run when main entrance door is closed. Refer to Wiring Diagram Manual for electrical
schematic
(2) Nose Compartment Cooling Fan
In nose compartment, supplemental cooling air to equipment is necessary whenever aircraft
is on ground, power for the dc voltage fan comes from right main 28 Vdc bus through NOSE
COMPT COOL FAN and NOSE COMPT COOL VLV circuit breakers. Refer to the Wiring
Diagram Manual for electrical schmetic.
When aircraft is on ground and temperature in nose compartment goes above 90° F. nose
cooling thermal switch in nose compartment causes 28V to energize the nose compartment
fan relay sending a signal to nose compartment cooling valve to open and operate fan. Air
conditioned air from cockpit is aimed to the nose compartment for component cooling.
Whenever this occurs, two amber N COOL VALVE OPEN warning lights on pilot and copilot
glareshield panel come on.
When aircraft is in flight, nose compartment cooling valve automatically closes and fan is
de-energized through the interlock switch with main gear nutcracker relay. Failure of cooling
valve to close in flight is indicated by the N COOL VALVE OPEN warning lights coming on.
(3) Cockpit Pedestal Cooling Fan
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Supplemental cooling air for cockpit pedestal is provided by a fan that is mounted in the aft
rear of pedestal. Air is pulled into pedestal and circulated to the components mounted in
pedestal. Power for the fan is from right main 28 Vdc bus through PED FAN COOL circuit
breaker located on copilot circuit breaker panel. Since fan is not thermostatically controlled, it
continually runs whenever circuit breaker is depressed. Refer to the Wiring Diagram Manual
for electrical Schematic.
(4) Cathode Ray Tube Display Cooling Fan
Supplemental cooling is necessary to left and right CRT displays that are mounted in the main
instrument panel. Both fans are located under the cabin floor, FS 90 - 95, WL 81 on left and
right sides of cockpit. A duct system that has a series of smaller ducts is connected from the
fan and mounted behind the main instrument panel. CRT display cooling fans draw ambient
air from the cockpit through filters to the CRTs and instruments mounted in the instrument
panel. Cooling air flows out over the CRTs. Ducts then carry circulated air to fans to be
exhausted under the cockpit floor. Refer to the Wiring Diagram Manual for electrical
schematics.
Fans operate on power that comes from essential and right main 28 Vdc buses through
DISPLAYS FAN #1 and DISPLAYS FAN #2 circuit breakers, applying power to left and right
CRT commutating modules respectively. The commutating modules sense the rotation speed
of fan motors and sends out a warning signal when motor speed falls below a certain
parameter. The modules provide necessary voltage to drive both fans. Each fan works
independently of the other, so if one fan stops operating, the other will continue operating.
NOTE: Should it become necessary to replace fan for either side, it is recommended by the
manufacturer to also replace the associated commutating module at the same time.
A display panel located in cockpit overhead panel which has three light switches:
PILOT, EICAS and COPILOT. When aircraft is in ground mode and any of these
switches is pressed on, both CRT fans are energized to operate. When aircraft is in
the air mode, both fans are always operating. The three switches have no control
over operation of the fans when aircraft is in the air mode.
(5) Commutating Module
There are four commutating modules installed in the aircraft and used in conjunction with the
four cooling fans that provide supplemental cooling air to the electronic equipment. All four
commutating modules function in the same manner. Refer to the Wiring Diagram Manual for
electrical schematics.
These modules are located as follows:
• Right radio rack
• Nose avionics bay
• Two modules located under FLR-15 (cabin floor), first floor panel inside main entrance
door
NOTE: Should it become necessary to replace a commutating module, it is recommended
by manufacturer to also replace the associated fan at same time.
The commutating module senses fan speed and sends out a warning signal should
speed of fan fall below a certain output level. The module motors are conventional
dc voltage motors, except that the conventional style brush / commutator system
has been replaced by a non-contacting commutating system. This brushless system
takes the form of a Hall-effect generator, photo-optic cell or an inductor (fed by a
local oscillator) in conjunction with switching transistors.
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(6) Radio Rack Fan Control Panel
Located on copilot right side console is the radio rack fan control panel. The control panel has
four indicator lights to provide operator the following status information.
• RH RR FAN FAIL
• LH RR FAN FAIL
• RH RR FAN AUTO
• RH RR FAN MANUAL ON
The function of these status lights is to annunciate system condition of cooling fans that are
mounted in left and right hand radio racks. Whenever system is in normal operation, it is in the
AUTO mode and RR FAN AUTO light is on. Normal operation is right hand fan being
controlled by main door hinge switch that turns fan on automatically when door is fully
opened. There is no thermostatic control provided. Refer to the Wiring Diagram Manual for
electrical schematics.
When maintenance is being performed and main entrance door is closed, right hand fan can
be turned on by placing RH RR FAN switch on right hand radio rack system monitor panel to
ON. The cockpit control panel RH RR FAN MANUAL ON light will be on and RH RR AUTO
ON light will be off.
An airflow sensor is mounted in the air discharge path of the right hand radio rack fan. In the
event of reduced airflow from fan, control panel RH RR FAN FAIL light will come on. For left
hand radio rack fan, LH RR FAN FAIL light will come on if speed falls below an acceptable
limit.
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BLEED AM
21 27 24 OVERBOARD 25 20 11 14 13 12 10 8 9 7 61 6b 6c 6 ed 6e
FAN AIR
7th
STAGE
12th
GULESTREAM IV
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
.•
1
415 :1
1I
FROM RH SERVO 4
CONTROL SYSTEM
5 28
22
23
E. OVERBOARD
26
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6 SILENCER
19 II 6a
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7th 12th
14 13 9 8 7 6f 6I3 6c 6 6d 60 STAGE
PRESSURIZED AREA ' 18 20 11 BLEEDAIR
ITEM QTY PER ITEM OTY PER
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
NO AIRCRAFT NO AIRCRAFT
I VALVE, L.P. BLEED AIR CHECK 2 13 VALVE, CABIN/COCKPIT AIR CHECK 2 LEGEND
2 VALVE, BLEED AIR PRESSURE REG. & S/0 2 13a VALVE. RAM AIR CHECK 1
BLEED AIR & AIR COND
3 VALVE, BLEED AIR ISOLATION S/O 1 14 VALVE, CABIN/COCKPIT FACE AIR CHECK 2 DISTRIBUTION LINES
4 VALVE, AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM SHUTOFF & FLOW CONTROL 2 15 WATER. SPRAY ASPIRATOR 2 PNEUMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM
5 FILTER, CABIN/COCKPIT OZONE 2 16 SELECTOR. CABIN/COCKPIT TEMPERATURE 2
ELECTRICAL LINES
6 REFRIGERATION UNIT 2 17 CONTROLLER, CABIN/COCKPIT TEMPERATURE 2
(a) PRIMARY/SECONDARY HEAT EXCHANGER 4 18 SENSOR. CABIN/COCKPIT TEMPERATURE CONTROL 3
(b) AIR CYCLE MACHINE (ACM) 2 19 SENSOR. COCKPIT TEMPERATURE CONTROL 1
(c) ANTI-ICE MODULATING VALVE 2 20 SENSOR. CABIN/COCKPIT DUCT TEMPERATURE ANTICIPATOR 2
(d) OVERTEMPERATURE SWITCH 2 21 MANUAL CABIN PRESSURE 1
(e) ACM BYPASS CHECK VALVE 2 22 CONTROLLER. CABIN PRESSURE 1
(f) ACM BYPASS SHUTOFF VALVE 2 23 TRANDUCER, CABIN PRESSURE 1
(g) COOLING FAN 2 24 VALVE, CABIN AIR OUTFLOW 1
Air Conditioning System —
(h) BYPASS DUCT ASSEMBLY 2 25 VALVE, CABIN PRESSURE SAFETY 1
Block Diagram
7 VALVE, TURBINE DISCHARGE WATER DRAIN 2 26 EMI FILTER, CABIN PRESSURE CONTROL 1
Figure 1
B VALVE. SERVO AIR PRESSURE REG. 2 27 SWITCH. EMERGENCY CABIN PRESSURE RATE
9 VALVE. CABIN/COCKPIT TEMPERATURE CONTROL 2 28 AUXILIARY POWER UNIT (APU)
10 SEPARATOR, WATER 2 29 VALVE, APU AIR CHECK
II SENSOR. CABIN/COCKPIT DUCT OVERTEMPERATURE 2 30 NIPPLE, CHECK VALVE & AIR START ASSY 1 21-00-00
12 SENSOR, WATER/SEPARATOR ANTI-ICE CONTROLLER 2 Page 17
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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
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GULFSTREAM IV
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OPEN STOP PIN
28004C00
Air Cycle Machine Bypass Check Valve
Figure 2
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GUIISTREAM IV
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
ELECTRICAL
CONNECTOR
TORQUE
MOTOR
RELIEF REGULATOR
VISUAL
POSITION
INDICATOR
28003C00
Air Cycle Machine Bypass shut-off Valve
Figure 3
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GULFSTREAM IV
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
SECONDARY
HEAT
EXCHANGER PRIMARY
HEAT
EXCHANGER
- FROMPRIMARY
HEATEXCHANGER
WATER
SEPERATOR MIXING
TOAND
CABIN MUFF
OVERBOARD
COCKPIT 7
ANTI-ICE
SENSOR
WATER SEPARATOR
ANTI-ICE VALVE
WATERDRAIN DETAILA
SUPPLY
NOZZLE VENTNOZZLE
SUPPLYREGULATED
PRESSURE
FLAPPER
ORIFICE H-CAPPED FOR-3
CIOSF
OO * 0011
OPENn r I
AIRFLOW
OPEN O VISUAL
POSITION
INDICATOR
CLOSEDO 01056C00
Water Separator and Anti-Ice System - Block Diagram
Figure 4
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41.04•IXIC
ESS 2EN DC BUS GAON TEMP CONT CAM DUCT TEIAP
4 R IAAINMCC BUS
CABIN TEMP SELECTOR
5
32A2P1
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ANTICIPATOR
SBRIOR GULFSTREAM IV
*MCC PWR A •25VEIC PWR HIGH WAIT SENSOR IE MAINTENANCE MANUAL
CHASSIS MO
AUTO MODE CONTR SIG C OUTPUT ANTICIPATOR UNLAGGED IR
AUTO MODE SEL (CW) L TEMP SELECTOR SEE) ANTICIPATOR 00141.01 G CALLOUT(S):
AUTO MODE SEL (CCY0 TEMP SELECTOR
AUTO MODE a SIG GIC ANTICIPATOR LAGGED I J D ter l \ A• IRCRAFT 1000. 1002 - 1005
DC RETURN R E
0 AIRCRAFT 1006 - 1023
CABIN TEMP
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AUTO MODE SEL (CCM IA TEMP SELECTOR
AUTO MODE a SIG np B GNO ANTICIPATOR LAGGED J D
DC RETURN 41 AUX OUTPUT N
32A6
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TEMP SENSOR K C
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(TORQUE MOTOR 22A5P
32A7P1
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TORQUE MOTOR RETURN A
c
L. Air Conditioning Temperature
NEMO y Ip
Control — Electrical Schematic
TORQUE MOTOR SIG a Figure 5
thL, anal CKPT TEMP
31831 ASC97P1 004111 SENSOR 32A3
324111 32A7 D
453 n
C
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