residents of any
jurisdiction. For example, Apple Inc. established an offshore subsidiary, AppleOperationsInternational, which from 2009 to 2012 reported net income of $30 billion, but declined to
declare ... pays a corporate tax rate of 2% or less. The second is AppleOperationsInternational (AOI), a 30-year old corporation that has no employees or physical presence, and
whose ... holding company
for Apple's extensive offshore corporate structure, AppleOperationsInternational has no
declared tax residency anywhere in the world and, as a consequence, has not paid corporate
income