group). At
with respect to the occasions upon which bers, including (iii) the special contingen- all three levels a sudden, possibly exten-
they occur or their rate of occurrence cies ... contingencies of survival in
possible) defines "living." (A computer by those contingencies. The contingen- the evolution of a species, possibly in-
can be programmed to model natural cies can perhaps ... good for none of these ways do we escape from growth. The conviction that contingen-
the individual or culture may have bad selection by consequences. In the first cies