13th century. According to an annalist who
describes the funeral of the grand duke Vladimir Vasilkovich in the city of Vladimir
(Volhynia), "the Jews wept at his funeral ... forgotten.
Therefore, we, Alexander, also called Vitovt, by the grace of God Grand Duke of
Lithuania and ruler of Brest, Dorogicz, Lutsk, Vladimir, and other places, make
known by this ... class of freemen subject in all criminal
cases directly to the jurisdiction of the grand duke and his official representatives, and
in petty suits to the jurisdiction of local officials