EFTA01125320Set 9
2012-07-2316p9,320w
unique sovereign standing to trade
in the foreign exchange markets. He retained Bernardino Nogara, a Jewish banker who was an
expert in international finance, to run it. To protect ... Vatican against further devaluations in
the lira, Nogara bought gold, dollars and other foreign currency, and then borrowing against
them. He also engaged in complex arbitrage operations that increased
https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA01125320.pdf