EFTA01918871Set 10
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Afar, near the border with Syria, to assess the battle there
against Sunni extremists.
To create a broad-based Iraqi government that can fight the
brutal insurgency ... United States and its allies need to quickly gain the support of
Iraq's Sunni tribal leaders. I met with several of them in Amman
two months ... although frightened of
ISIS's power, they were using it to attack Maliki. This Sunni
opportunism can be reversed. The tribal leaders told me they
want U.S. help, and they
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EFTA00706969Set 9
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days, the country is already past the breaking point under the lightning
campaign by Sunni insurgents. Reinforced by hardened fighters from Syria and
sympathetic communities in northern and western Iraq ... Baghdad and, especially, Tehran.
First, consider the brute demographic reality. Unlike in Syria, Sunnis are a relatively
small part of the Iraqi population, about 25 percent — though they ... Baghdad their numbers are minuscule.
The reason for this lies in an earlier Sunni revolt triggered by the second gulf war.
Baghdad was the target then, too, and its Sunni
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example, the
terrorist organizations try to overrun sacred Shia sites, which could trigger
Shia-Sunni conflicts that could be very hard to stamp out."
Stepping back, he cited the United ... done enough to pressure Prime
Minister Nuri Kamal al-Maliki to reconcile with the Sunni minority, and
they said Mr. Obama's failure to do more to help moderate rebels ... that reflects political divisions in the country. He
expressed fears of worsening violence should Sunni insurgents overrun
Shi'ite sacred sites in the country.
His observations were sound. And here
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EFTA02708692Set 11
2014-06-1416p8,280w
terrorist organizations try to overrun sacred Shia sit=s, which could trigger Shia-Sunni conflicts that could
be very hard to stamp out."
Stepping back, he c=ted the United ... done enough to pressure Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al=Maliki to reconcile
with the Sunni minority, and they said Mr. Obama's f=ilure to do more to help moderate ... reflects p=litical divisions in the country. He expressed fears of worsening
violence=should Sunni insurgents overrun Shiite sacred sites in the country.
His observations we=e sound. And here
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EFTA01874308Set 10
2012-07-2439p9,417w
minority Alawite sect, led
by the Assad clan, and the country's majority of Sunni
Muslims. That's why the opposite of the Assad
dictatorship could be the breakup ... decapitated the Saddam regime, occupied
the country and forcibly changed it from a minority
Sunni-led dictatorship to a majority Shiite-led
democracy. Because of both U.S. incompetence ... this U.S. intervention triggered a
civil war in which all the parties in Iraq — Sunnis,
Shiites and Kurds — tested the new balance of power,
inflicting enormous casualties on each other
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EFTA00701752Set 9
2012-07-2626p9,365w
minority Alawite sect, led by the Assad clan,
and the country's majority of Sunni Muslims. That's why the opposite of
the Assad dictatorship could be the breakup ... decapitated the Saddam
regime, occupied the country and forcibly changed it from a minority
Sunni-led dictatorship to a majority Shiite-led democracy. Because of
both U.S. incompetence ... this U.S. intervention
triggered a civil war in which all the parties in Iraq — Sunnis, Shiites and
Kurds — tested the new balance of power, inflicting enormous casualties
on each other
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EFTA01920613Set 10
2014-06-1436p8,997w
enemy. Other than the Kurds, we have no friends in this
fight. Neither Sunni nor Shiite leaders spearheading the war in
Iraq today share our values.
The Sunni jihadists, Baathists ... EFTA_R1_00363802
EFTA01920614
office to install Shiites in key security posts, drive out Sunni
politicians and generals and direct money to Shiite communities.
In a word, Maliki has been ... spare me another dose of: It is all about
whom we train and arm. Sunnis and Shiites don't need guns
from us. They need the truth
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EFTA01190711Set 9
2014-08-2431p11,095w
minority the Yazidis living in the small towns and villages on the way.
These Sunni militants who now threaten to take over Iraq seemed to spring from nowhere when they ... there was also a political calculation. After Saddam was toppled, Shiite politicians
replaced the Sunnis who had long dominated power structures in Iraq. Zarqawi was counting on Sunni
resentment against ... Mosul.) No longer
content merely with alliances, he began to insist that his Iraqi Sunni hosts submit to his harsh
interpretation of sharia law—veils for women, beheadings for criminals
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EFTA00665418Set 9
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EFTA00665418
ISIS, of course, is the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, the bloodthirsty
Sunni militia that has gouged out a new state from Sunni areas in Syria and
Iraq ... hyper-Islamism (ISIS) driven
by a war against "takfiris," or apostates, which is how Sunni Muslim
extremists refer to Shiite Muslims; and hyper-nationalism (SISI) driven by
a war against ... tanks and heavy weapons,
something bin Laden only dreamed of. And he has recruited Sunni tribal
leaders with more finesse than Zarqawi, whose hyper-violent tactics
ultimately turned the Iraqi
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EFTA01917893Set 10
2014-06-2232p7,620w
annexation of Crimea, China's
growing maritime assertiveness, and now the return of Sunni
extremism in Iraq. Their rehabilitation is abetted by the
television networks: whenever there is a global ... Maliki
as it organizes Shia-dominated military forces and informal
militias to combat the Sunni insurgents that have gained control
of northwestern Iraq. On the other hand, Tehran will attempt ... supreme
leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. When the city of Mosul fell to
the Sunni insurgent group Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham
(ISIS), Tehran's immediate instinct
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EFTA01931795Set 10
2014-03-3137p8,890w
neighboring Lebanon is fraying at the seams. Over the last year,
as Lebanese Sunni Muslim jihadis and their counterparts in the
Shiite militia Hezbollah fought each other in Syria ... least 16
car bombs detonated in Lebanon, in both Shiite and Sunni
neighborhoods. In December, a leading Sunni politician was
assassinated. Meanwhile, more than 1 million mostly Sunni
refugees have ... warring
factions. In the course of this mission, the army has been caught
in Sunni-Shiite crossfire and has even become the target of car
bombs.
Unlike other narrowly parochial
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EFTA00653368Set 9
2014-06-2925p11,747w
Sykes and Pico drew arbitrary national boundaries that forced tribal societies
and theological enemies, Sunnis and Shia, into awkward nation-states that, soon after the British and
French were forced ... Obama administration first began withdrawing U.S. combat troops, Iraqis
everywhere — but especially in Sunni areas — faced up to 6o% unemployment, sporadic electrical
service, poisoned water systems, episodic education, a dysfunctional ... devastated public
services, industries, and agricultural sectors.
Despite his obvious Shia sectarianism, Sunnis gave Maliki time to fulfill his campaign promises. For
some, hopes were increased when service contracts were
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EFTA01919881Set 10
2014-06-2734p8,367w
Iraq Burns
Editorial
June 27, 2014 -- In the face of a violent offensive by Sunni
militants, Iraq's future as a unified state is becoming less and
less likely ... Sunni militants take hold of a large swath of
northwest Iraq, the Kurds, who operate a semiautonomous
province in northeast Iraq, are edging toward independence,
leaving Shiites controlling Baghdad ... form a national
unity government that would share power more equitably among
the Shiite, Sunni and Kurdish groups. That is perhaps the only
way to forestall complete division
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EFTA01755021Set 10
2013-11-1338p10,594w
Foreign Policy
Why the Middle East's identity conflicts qo way
beyond the Sunni-Shiite divide
Marc Lynch
Article 6.
Foreign Policy
Jordan's U.N. Security Council Debate
Curtis ... America,
are not just hired lawyers negotiating a deal for Israel and the
Sunni Gulf Arabs, which they alone get the final say on. We,
America, have our own interests ... threatens the future of the
Middle East today more than the sectarian rift between Sunni
and Shiite Muslims. This rift is being used by President Bashar
al-Assad of Syria
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EFTA00953916Set 9
2013-02-1124p7,879w
divided by the Syria conflict,
which is symptomatic of the wider split between the Sunni Muslim powers,
led by Saudi Arabia, and Iran's faltering "axis of resistance" that, with ... Iraq have gone
almost unnoticed in the United States. Iraqi army troops killed five Sunni
protesters in Fallujah on Jan. 25, after a month of anti-government protests
in Anbar ... Maliki, a Shiite, had the
bodyguards of Finance Minister Rafie al-Issawi, who is Sunni, arrested for
EFTA00953930
alleged terrorist activities on Dec. 20 — almost exactly one year after
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EFTA01190444Set 9
2014-06-1522p11,291w
dictatorship of Saddam
Hussein, and was reignited by the U.S. military overthrow of a Sunni-led regime.
Hayden again. "It is profoundly shameful to hear American officials cluck-cluck about ... supposed
"excesses" of the Shiite al-Maliki regime that they installed; the thousands of Sunnis being
marginalized, imprisoned, tortured, denied employment and political representation, when all this
revenge was foretold ... could not be forestalled forever. There is no doubt that Iraq was a Sunni-
dominated dictatorship under Saddam, but it also had a middle class, higher education, and an
economy
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EFTA00683479Set 9
2013-02-1125p8,665w
divided by the Syria conflict,
which is symptomatic of the wider split between the Sunni Muslim powers,
led by Saudi Arabia, and Iran's faltering "axis of resistance" that, with ... have gone
EFTA00683494
almost unnoticed in the United States. Iraqi army troops killed five Sunni
protesters in Fallujah on Jan. 25, after a month of anti-government protests
in Anbar ... Maliki, a Shiite, had the
bodyguards of Finance Minister Rafie al-Issawi, who is Sunni, arrested for
alleged terrorist activities on Dec. 20 — almost exactly one year after he
ordered
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EFTA01148594Set 9
2011-12-2036p10,706w
sectarian
underpinnings of Hamas's decision. While Hamas never allowed its
religious identity—Sunni—to prevent it from forming necessary and
strategic alliances with Shiite Iran and Hezbollah, the party ... pragmatic enough to realize that positioning itself against the Sunni
Islamist tide that is currently sweeping the region (in Egypt, Libya,
Tunisia, possibly Syria and elsewhere) is against its long ... Hamas might now wish to embrace its old identity as a branch of the
Sunni Muslim Brotherhood.
Hamas's decision, if real, will take time to implement. Since its
founding
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EFTA01785152Set 10
2013-05-1321p11,028w
imagine that the fighting between Syria's Alawite regime and the Sunni=led
rebellion would remain within the country's borders. Syria is at once the pivot and a mirror ... Lebanon and is the country's s=cond-largest
city. But Tripoli, staunchly Sunni, with an Alawite minority, has always been within the orbit of the S=rian city ... mystery that a deadly conflict now rages in=Tripoli between Sunni and Alawite neighborhoods, rendering the
place ungov=rnable. Sunni jihadists and preachers see the Syrian struggle as their
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EFTA00937183Set 9
2012-06-1221p7,376w
uncertainty and desperation - particularly
among what are increasingly termed "'the minorities" - the non-Sunnis, in
other words. This chill of apprehension takes its grip from certain Gulf
States' fervor ... restitution of a Sunni regional primacy - even,
perhaps, of hegemony - to be attained through fanning rising Sunni
militancy [1] and Salafist acculturation. At least seven Middle Eastern
states ... line to Saudi Arabia. Whilst it too is
firing-up, arming and funding militant Sunni movements [5], it is not so
much attempting to contain and circumscribe the Brotherhood, Saudi
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