EFTA00156888

US. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau ofJustice Statistics September 2020, NO 255113 CO Criminal Victimization, 2019 C Rachel H. Morgan, Ph.D., and Jennifer L. Truman, Ph.D., BIS Statisticians CD A fter rising from 1.1 million in 2015 to 1.4 the number of victims of rape or sexual assault million in 2018, the number of persons from 2018 to 2019. Based on the National Crime r+ who were victims of violent crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), the nation's excluding simple assault dropped to 1.2 million largest crime survey, the portion of U.S. residents in 2019. This is the first statistically significant age 12 or older who were victims of one or more decrease in the number of persons who were violent crimes excluding simple assault declined victims of violent crime excluding simple assault from 0.50% (about 1 in 200 persons) in 2018 to since 2015, and it corresponds with a decline in 0.44% (about 1 in 230 persons) in 2019, a 12% decrease (figure 1). FIGURE 1 Percent of U.S. residents age 12 or older who were victims of violent crime excluding simple assault 1993-2019 2015-2019 Percent Percent 1.6 0.6 1.4 03 1.2 1.0 OA 0.8 03 0.6 01 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 93 95 OD 'Os '10 15 19 '15 Note: Estimates include 95% confidence intervals. See table 18 for definitions and appendix table I for estimates and standard errors. Estimates tor 2006 should not be compared to other years and are excluded from the 1993-2019 figure. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 1993-2019. HIGHLIGHTS ■ The rate of violent crime excluding simple assault ■ Based on the 2019 survey, less than half (41%) of declined 15% from 2018 to 2019, from 8.6 to 7.3 violent victimizations were reported to police. victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older. ■ The percentage of violent victimizations reported ■ Among females, the rate of violent victimization to police was lower for white victims (37%) than excluding simple assault fell 27% from 2018 for black (49%) or Hispanic victims (49%). to 2019. ■ The portion of violent incidents involving black ■ There were 880,000 fewer victims of serious offenders (25%) was 2.3 times the portion crimes (generally felonies) in 2019 than In 2018. involving black victims (11%), while the portion a 19% drop. involving Asian offenders (1.0%) was 0.4 times ■ From 2018 to 2019.29% fewer black persons the portion involving Asian victims (2.3%). and 22% fewer white persons were victims of ■ The rate of property crime declined 6% from serious crimes. 2018 (108.2 victimizations per 1,000 households) ■ The rate of violent victimization in urban areas— to 2019 (101.4 per 1,000). based on the NCV5's new classifications of urban, ■ The percentage of households that were suburban, and rural areas—declined 20% from burglarized declined to the lowest level since the 2018 to 2019. NCVS was redesigned in 1993. BJS40 to= 3502-022 Page 1 of 53 EFTA_00001547 EFTA00156888 The percentage of households that experienced burglary FIGURE 2 (0.82%), which is unlawful or forcible entry or attempted Percent of U.S. households who were victims of burglary, entry of places in connection with a completed or 1993-2019 attempted theft, was the lowest since the NCVS was redesigned in 1993. After peaking in 1994 (2.89%), this Percent 33 type of crime has generally declined over time, hitting a new low in 2019 (figure 2).1 The burglary prevalence rate 3.0 fell 23% from 2018 to 2019. 2.S The NCVS is a self-reported survey administered annually from January 1 to December 31. Annual NCVS 1.0 estimates are based on the number and characteristics of crimes respondents experienced during the prior 6 1.5 months, not including the month in which they were interviewed. Therefore, the 2019 survey covers crimes 1.0 experienced from July 1, 2018 to November 30, 2019, and March 15, 2019 is the middle of the reference period. 0.5 Crimes are classified by the year of the survey and not by the year of the crime. 0.0 '93 '95 '00 '05 '10 '15 19 NCVS data can be used to produce— Note: Estimates include 95% confidence intervals. Burglary is the unlawful or forcibleentry or attempted entry of places. including a permanent ■ Prevalence estimates: The number or percentage of residence. other residence (e.g.. a hotel room or vacation residence). or unique persons who were crime victims, or of unique other structure (e.g.. a garage or shed) where there was a completed or attempted theft. See appendix table 2 for estimates and standard households that experienced crime. errors. Estimates for 2006 should not be compared to other years and are excluded from this figure (see Criminal Krtimization, 2007 MO 224390. ■ Victimization estimates: The total number of times WS. December 2008)). that people or households were victimized by crime. Source: Bureau oflustice Statistic. National Crime Victimization Survey. 19934019. For personal crimes, the number of victimizations is the number of victims of that crime. Each crime against a household is counted as having a single victim—the affected household. ■ Incident estimates: The number of specific criminal acts involving one or more victims. (See Measurement ofcrime in the National Crime Victimization Survey, page 29.) 1ln this report, significance is reported at both the 90% and 95% confidence levels. See figures and tables (or testing on specific findings. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 2 3502-022 Page 2 of 53 EFIA_00001548 EFTA00156889 Victimization estimates FIGURE 3 Rate of violent victimization excluding simple assault Victimizations reflect the total number of times that and rate of violent victimization reported to police, people or households were victimized by crime. excluding simple assault, 1993-2019 From 1993 to 2019, the rate of violent victimization Rate per 1.000 peoons age 12 or older excluding simple assault declined 75%, from 29.1 to 35 7.3 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older (figure 3).2 (Simple assault is the category of violent 30 victimization captured by the NCVS that is least likely to be prosecuted as a felony.) Similarly, the rate of violent 25 victimization reported to police, excluding simple Violent victimization. excluding simple assault assault, declined 77% during this period, from 14.9 to 20 14 victimizations reported to police per 1,000 persons 15 age 12 or older. 10 The rate of violent victimization excluding simple 1*k•H+ 11.-fre .h i assault decreased from 2018 to 2019 5 r t`i—l'rrrt"*H--rtY laden vlaknIzatkins reported to ponce. excluding simple assault After increasing 27% from 2015 to 2018 (from 6.8 to 8.6 l l l l I victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older), the '93 '95 '00 '05 '10 '15 '19 rate of violent victimization excluding simple assault Note: Estimates include 95% confidence intervals. See appendix table 3 for declined 15% in 2019 (to 7.3 per 1,000) (table 1). This estimates and standard errors. Estimates for 2006 should not be compared decrease was driven partly by a decline in rape or sexual to other years and are excluded from this figure (see Criminal Victimization. 2007 (NC 224390. BJS. December 20061). assault victimizations, which declined from 2.7 per 1,000 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. persons age 12 or older in 2018 to 1.7 per 1,000 in 2019. 1993-2019. 2Violent crime excluding simple assault was called serious violent crime in NCVS reports prior to Criminal Victimization, 2078. TABLE 1 Number and rate of violent victimization, by type of crime, 2015-2019 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019° Rate per Rateper Rate per Rate per Rate pm T_ypeof crime Number 1,007 Number 1,00V Number 1,000a Number 1,007 Number 1,00e Violent crime 5.006,620T 18.6 5353220 19.7 5,612,670 20.6 6385520 23.2 5,813,410 21.0 Rape/sexual assault' 431,840 1.6 298.410 t 1.1* 391980 1.4 734,630 t 2.7 459,310 1.7 Robbery 578,580 2.1 458.810 1.7 613.840 23 573,100 2.1 534,420 1.9 Assault 3,996,200T 14.8* 4.596400 16.9 4,604.850 16.9 5,077,790 18.4 4,819,680 17.4 Aggravated assault 816,760T 3.0 1,040,580 3.8 993.170 3.6 1,058,040 3.8 1,019,490 3.7 Simpleassault 3,179,440T 11.8 3,556,020 13.1 3,611.680 133 4,019.750 14.6 3,800,190 13.7 Violent crime excluding simple assau 1.827,170 6.8 1.797.790 6.6 2.000.990 73 2.365.770t 8.6t 2,013,220 73 Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding.Violent•crime categories indude rape or sexual assault, robbery. aggravated assault. and simple assault. and they include threatened. attempted. and completed occurrences of those crimes.Year4coyear statistically significant differences may vary from those previously reported. Previously. BJS created standard errors and presented testing for statistically significant differences among National Crime Victimization Survey INCVS) estimates in this table using generalized variance function parameters. while this table uses the Balanced Repeated Replication method. See Methodology for more information on the differences between these methods of variance estimation. See appendbc table 5 for standard errors. *Comparison year. tDifference with comparison year is significant at the 95% confidence level. tDifference with comparison year is significant at the 90% confidence level. agate is per 1.000 persons age 12 or older. See appendix table 34 for population numbers. bExdudes homicide because the NCVS is based on interviews with victims. cSee Methodology for details on the measurement of rape or sexual assault in the NCVS. dlndudes rape or sexual assault. robbery. and aggravated assault: this category was called serious violent crime prior to Criminal Vktimization. 2078. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2015.2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 3 3502-022 Page 3 of 53 EFIA_00001549 EFTA00156890 From 2018 to 2019, there was no statistically significant Rates of property victimization decreased from 2018 change in the rate of total violent victimization, which to 2019 includes simple assault. Based on the 2019 survey, about 65% of total violent victimizations were simple assault, The 2019 survey found that an estimated 12.8 million with the remaining 35% being rape or sexual assault, U.S. households experienced one or more property robbery, or aggravated assault. There were no statistically victimizations, which include burglaries, residential significant changes in the rates of robbery, aggravated trespassing, motor-vehicle thefts, and other thefts assault, or simple assault from 2018 to 2019. (table 2). After remaining relatively stable from 2017 (108.4 victimizations per 1,000 households) to 2018 (108.2 per 1,000), the property-crime victimization TABLE 2 Number and rate of property victimizations, by type of crime, 2015-2019 2015 2016 2017 2018 2olso per Type of property crime Number 1.00;er Number Re tOtiter Number Rate Rate OW per _Number R 1a ,a r Total 14,611,040 110.7t 15.815,310 1186t 13,340,220 108.41 13.502,840t 10811 12,818,000 101.4 Burglary/trespassingb 2,904,570 22.0 t 3,160,450 23.7 t 2,538,170 t 20.6 t 2,639,620 t 21.1 t 2,178,400 17.2 Burglary< 2,020,730 153 t 2,205,180 1651 1,688,890 13.71 1.867.620 t 15.01 1,484,730 11.7 Trespassingd 883,850 6.7* 955,270 711 849280* &9t 772.000 61 693,670 5.5 Motor•vehide theft 564,160 4.3 618,330 4.6 516,810 4.2 534,010 43 495,670 3.9 Other thefte 11.142310 84.4 12.036,530 903t 10,285.240 83.6 10.329.210 82.7 10,143.930 80.2 Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding. Categories include threatened, attempted. and completed crimes. The number of property crimes should not be compared from 2017. 2018. or 2019 to 2016 or 2015. as the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) household weighting adjustment was updated for 2017 onward. which decreased the number of estimated households by about 8%. Property crime rates are unaffected by this change. See Methodology for details.Yeapto-year statistically significant differences may vary from those previously reported. Previously. ENS created standard errors and presented testing for statistically significant differences among NCVS estimates in this table using generalized variance function parameters. while this table uses the Balanced Repeated Replication method. See Methodology for more information. See appendix table 6 for standard errors. 'Comparison year. Mifference with comparison year is significant at the 95% confidence level. tDifference with comparison year is significant at the 90% confidence level. agate is per 1.000 households. See appendix table 35 for number of households. bCalled household burglary prior to Criminal Victimization, 20 /8.Includes unlawful or forcible entry or attempted entry of places. including a permanent residence. other residence le.g.. a hotel room or vacation residence). or other structure (e.g.. a garage or shed). but does not include trespassing on land. clndudes only crimes where the offender committed or attempted a theft. Estimates differ from those previously published in the Criminal Victimization. 20)8 report because a coding error that affected the generation of those eadier estimates has been corrected. dlncludes aimes where the offender did not commit or attempt a theft. Does not include trespassing on land. Estimates differ from those previously published in the Criminal Victimization, 20f8 report because a coding error that affected the generation of those earlier estimates has been corrected. elncludes other unlawful taking or attempted unlawful taking of property or cash without personal contact with the victim. Incidents involving theft of property from within the same household would classify as theft if the offender has a legal right to be in the house (such as a maid. delivery person. or guest). If the offender has no legal right to be in the house. the incident would classify as a burglary. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey, 2015-2019. NCVS methods of variance estimation For surveys with complex sample designs, such as the direct-variance estimation, and continues to present other NCVS, several methods can be used to estimate the victimization and incidence estimates using GVFs (except magnitude of sampling error associated with an estimate. for totals in tables 4, 9,24, and 25 that are also presented In previous reports, BJS has used both generalized in tables 1 and 2, and statistics in table 12 that are based variance function (GVF) parameters and direct-variance on the new classification of urban, suburban, and rural estimation for generating standard errors and testing areas).The Taylor Series Linearization (TSL) method, statistically significant differences between NCVS another form of direct-variance estimation, continues estimates. Compared to GVFs, direct-variance estimation to be used to generate standard errors for prevalence is generally considered more accurate in approximating estimates. BJS has an active research program on direct- the true variance. variance estimation that seeks to improve the quality This year's bulletin presents tables 1 and 2 using the and accuracy of NCVS estimates. See Methodology for Balanced Repeated Replication (BRR) method, a form of more details. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 4 3502-022 Page 4 of 53 EFIA_00001550 EFTA00156891 rate declined 6% from 2018 (108.2 per 1,000) to 2019 also no statistically significant changes in the rates of (101.4 per 1,000). This decline was partly due to a 22% intimate-partner violence, stranger violence, violent decrease in burglary (15.0 to 11.7 burglaries per 1,000 crime involving injury, and violent crime involving a households). As with the prevalence of burglary, this was weapon, from 2018 to 2019. the lowest observed rate of burglary victimization since the NCVS was redesigned in 1993. The rate of completed violent victimization decreased from 2018 to 2019 There were nearly 1.2 million domestic-violence victimizations The NCVS measures completed, attempted, and threatened violent victimizations experienced by persons The rate of domestic violence, which includes a subset of age 12 or older. From 2018 to 2019, the rate of completed violent victimizations that were committed by intimate violent victimizations decreased from 6.9 victimizations partners or family members, was 4.2 victimizations per 1,000 persons to 5.5 per 1,000 (table 4). There was no per 1,000 persons age 12 or older, based on the 2019 statistically significant change in the rate of attempted or survey (table 3). This was not a statistically significant threatened violent victimization from 2018 to 2019. change from the rate in 2018 (4.8 per 1,000). There were TABLE 3 TABLE4 Number and rate of violent victimizations, by selected Rate of completed, attempted, and threatened violent characteristics of violent crime, 2018 and 2019 victimizations, 2015-2019 2018 2019• Violent victimizations 2015 2016 2017 2018 2017 Selected characteristics of Rate per Rate per Totala 18.6 192 20.6 23.2 21.0 violent crime Number 1,000a Number 1,000' Completed 6.0 5.1 5.6 6.9 3 53 Domestic violence 1,333,050 4.8 1.164,540 4.2 Attempted 6.4 6.0 6.8 72 7.0 Intimate partner violence 847,230 3.1 695,060 2.5 Threatened 6.1 '1 83 82 92 85 Stranger violenced 2,493,750 9.1 2,254,740 8.1 Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding. Rate is per 1,000 Violent crime involving injury 1,449,530 53 1,265,680 4.6 persons age 12 or older. See appendix table 34 for population numbers. Violent crime involving a Violent•victimization categories include rape or sexual assault. robbery. weapon 1,329,700 4.8 1.119,060 4.0 aggravated assault. and simple assault. See appendix table 8 for standard errors. Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding.Violent•aime 'Comparison year. categories include rape or sexual assault. robbery. aggravated assault. and simple assault.They also include threatened. attempted. and completed *Difference with comparison year is significant at the 95% occurrences of those crimes.Other violent-crime categories in this table. confidence level. including domestic violence and violent crime involving injury. are not *Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90% mutually exclusive from these categories or from each other. See appendix confidence level. table 7 for standard errors. aStatistkally significant differences for the total victimization rates are 'Comparison year. presented using the Balanced Repeated Replication method.Generalized agate is tper 1.000 persons age 12 or older. See appendix table 34 for variance function parameters were used to cakulate statistically significant population numbers. differences for the rest of the table. bIncludes the subset of violent victimizations that were committed by Source Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. intimate partners or family members. 2015.2019. cIncludes the subset of domestic•violence victimizations that were committed by intimate partners. which include current or former spouses. boyfriends. or girlfriends. dlncludes the subset of violent victimizations that were committed by someone unknown to the victim. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2018 and 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 5 3502-022 Page 5 of 53 EFIA_00001551 EFTA00156892 The Uniform Crime Reporting program and the National Crime Victimization Survey together provide a complementary picture of crime in the U.S. The Bureau of Justice Statistics' National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) measures crime reported TABLES Rates of crime reported to police in the Uniform and not reported to police. The Uniform Crime Reporting Crime Reporting program and in the National Crime (UCR) program, administered by the Federal Bureau Victimization Survey, 2018 and 2019 of Investigation (FBI), measures only crime recorded by police. Rate per 1.000 persons 2018 UCR rate per age 12 or older In 2018, the UCR reported that 3.7 total violent crimes Type of crime 1,000 residentsa 2018 NCVS 2019 NCVS (including murder and non-negligent manslaughter, rape, Violent crime exduding robbery, and aggravated assault) per 1,000 residents and simple assault 3.69 429 338 22.0 property crimes (including burglary and Murder 0.05 — — motor-vehicle theft) per 1,000 residents were known to Rape/sexual assaultb 0.43 0.66 056 law enforcement (table 5).The 2018 NCVS estimated Robbery 0.86 130 0.90 that 4.3 violent crimes excluding simple assault per 1,000 Aggravated assault 2.47 2.32 1.92 persons age 12 or older, and 36.9 property crimes per 2018 UCR rate per Rate per 1,000 households 1,000 households, were reported to law enforcement. The 1,000 residentsa 2018 NCVS 2019 NCVS 2019 NCVS estimated that 3.4 violent crimes excluding Property crime 21.99 3689 33.00 simple assault per 1,000 persons age 12 or older, and Burglary' 3.76 7.11 6.03 33.0 property crimes per 1,000 households, were reported Motor-vehicle theft 2.29 336 3.12 to law enforcement.; Note: National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program crime rates are calculated differently. Because the NCVS and the UCR measure an overlapping, UCR crime ratesare normally reported per 100.000 persons but were but not identical, set of offenses and use different recakulated for this report to align with the reporting of NCVS crime approaches in measuring them, complete congruity rates. See appendix table 9 for standard errors. should not be expected between estimates from these -Not applicable. two sources. Restricting the NCVS to violent crime alncludes crimes against populations not included in the NCVS: persons age 11 or younger. persons who are homeless. persons whoare reported to police, and excluding simple assault, keeps institutionalized. and crimes against commercial establishments. the measures as similar as possible. However, significant bThe NCVS estimate indudes sexual assault: the UCR does not.The UCR methodological and definitional differences remain estimate is based on its revised definition of rape. See Methodology for details on the measurement of rape or sexual assault in the NCVS. between how these violent crimes are measured in the cThe UCR defines burglary as forcible entry. unlawful entry where no NCVS and the UCR: force is used. or attempted forcibleentry of a structure to commit a ■ The UCR includes murder, non-negligent manslaughter, felony or theft. The NCVS defines burglary as the unlawful or forcible entry or attempted entry of places. including a permanent residence. and commercial crimes (including burglary of other residence (e.g.. a hotel room or vacation residence), or other commercial establishments), while the NCVS excludes structure (e.g.. a garage or shed). where there was a completed or those crime types. attempted theft. NCVS estimates differ from those previously published in the Criminal Vkrimizotion. 2018 report because a coding error that • The UCR excludes sexual assault, which the affected thegeneration of those earlier estimates has been corrected. NCVS includes.4 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National CrimeVictimization Survey. 2018 and 2019. and Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United • The UCR property-crime rates are per person, while the States. 2018. https://ucribi.gov/crime-in•the-u.s/20113/crime•in-the• NCVS's are per household. (There were 2.2 persons age us.-2018/topictages/tablesitable.1. 12 or older per household in 2019.) Moreover, because the number of households may not grow at the same rate each year as the total population, trend data for rates of property crimes measured by the two programs may not be entirely comparable. 320l9 UCR data had not been publicly released at the time this report was published. aSexual assault includes a range of victimizations and is separate from rape or attempted rape. Sexual assault includes attacks or threatened attacks involving unwanted sexual contact between victim and offender. with or without force: grabbing or fondling: and verbal threats. Continued on next page CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION. 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 6 3502-022 Page 6 of 53 EFTA_00001552 EFTA00156893 The Uniform Crime Reporting program and the National Crime Victimization Survey together provide a complementary picture of crime in the U.S. (continued) ■ NCVS estimates are based on interviews with a reporting laws require that persons report certain nationally representative sample of persons in U.S. crimes against youth. Due to these factors, the age households. UCR estimates are based on counts of distribution of crimes measured in the UCR differs from crimes recorded by law enforcement agencies and are that of the NCVS. weighted to compensate for incomplete reporting. Taken together, these two measures of crime provide ■ The NCVS does not measure crimes against persons a more comprehensive picture of crime in the U.S. For who are homeless or who live in institutions (e.g., additional information about the differences between the nursing homes and correctional institutions) or on NCVS and UCR, see the Nation's Two Crime Measures military bases. Also, it does not measure crimes against (NO 246832, IDS, September 2014). children age 11 or younger. The UCR measures crimes against all US. residents, including crimes against children age 11 or younger. In some states mandatory CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION. 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 7 3502-022 Page 7 of 53 EFTA_00001553 EFTA00156894 About 2 out of 5 violent victimizations were reported managers), or police may have been at the scene of the to police in 2019 incident. The NCVS provides statistics on crimes reported and Based on the 2019 survey, 41% of violent victimizations not reported to police and on the reasons why a crime were reported to police, which was not a statistically was not reported to police. Victims may not report a significant change from 2018 (43%) (table 6). About a crime for a variety of reasons, including fear of reprisal third (33%) of property victimizations were reported to or getting the offender in trouble, believing that police police in 2019. There were some statistically significant would not or could not do anything to help, and changes from 2018 to 2019 by type of crime reported to believing the crime to be a personal issue or too trivial police. The percentages of robbery (from 63% to 47%) to report. Reporting to police may occur during or and other theft (from 29% to 27%) reported to police immediately following a criminal incident or at a later declined during this period, while the percentage of date. Police may be notified by the victim, a third party intimate partner violence reported to police increased, (including witnesses, other victims, household members, from 45% to 58%. or other officials, such as school officials or workplace TABLE 6 Percent and rate of victimizations reported to police, by type of crime, 2018 and 2019 Percent of victimizations reported to police Rate of victIrrizatIons repotted to police per 1,000a Type of alma 2018 201? 2018 2019. 14oknt cdmeb 42.6% 40.9% 9.9 8.6 Rape/sexual assaultc 24.9 33.9 0.7 0.6 Robbery 62.6 t 46.6 13 0.9 Assault 43.0 40.9 7.9 7.1 Aggravated assault 605 52.1 23 1.9 Simple assault 38.4 37.9 5.6 5.2 Violent crime excluding simple assaultd 49.9% 465% 43 3.4 Selected characteristics of violent cdme Domestic violence 47.0% 52.2% 23 2.2 Intimate panne( violence 45.01 58.4 1.4 15 Stranger vidence9 445 39.9 4.0 33 Violent crime involving injury 54.3 49.5 29 23 Violent crime involving a weapon 60.3 52.4 29* 2.1 Property alme 34.1% 32.5% 369t 33.0 flurglaryArespassingh 46.6 48.5 9.9 t 83 Burglary, 475 51.4 7.1 $ 6.0 Trespassingl 445 42.2 2.8 23 Motorvehide theft 78.6 79.5 3.4 3.1 Other theftk 28.6* 26.8 23.7 t 215 Note: Violent-crime categories include rape or sexual assault. robbery. aggravated assault, and simple assault. and they include threatened. attempted, and completed occurrences of those crimes. Other violent-crime categories in this table. including domestic violence and violent crime involving injury. are not mutually exclusive from these categories or from each other. See appendix table 10 for standard errors. Comparison year. }Difference with comparison year is significant at the 95% confidence level ₹Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90% confidence level agates are per 1.000 persons age 12 or older for violent crime reported to police and per 1.000 households for property crime reported to police. See appendix table 34 for population numbers and appendix table 35 for number of households. "Excludes homicide because the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is based on interviews with victims. cSee Methodology for details on the measurement of rape or sexual assault in the NCVS. dincludes rape or sexual assault. robbery. and aggravated assault: this category was called serious violent crime prior to Criminal Victimization. 2018. elndudes the subset of violent victimization, that were committed by intimate partners or famiy members. rIndudes the subset of domestic-violence victimization' that were committed by intimate partners. which include current or former spouses. boyfriends. or sarlfriends. glncludes the subset of violent victimization that were committed by someone unknown to the victim. "Called household burglary prior to Criminal Victimization. 2018. Includes unlawful or forcible entry or attempted entry of places. Including a permanent residence. other residence (eg..a hotel room or vacation residence). or other structure leg.. a garage or shed). but does not include trespassing on land. 'Includes only crimes where the offender committed or attempted a theft. Estimates cfiffer from those previously published in the Criminal Victimization, 2018 report because a coding error that affected the generation of those earlier estimates has been corrected. lIncludes crimes where the offender did not commit or attempt a theft. Does not include trespassing on land. Etimates differ from those previously published in the Criminal Victimization. 2018 report because a coding error that affected the generation of those earlier estimates has been corrected. kIndudes the taking or attempted unlawful taking of property or cash without personal contact with the victim. Incidents involving theft of property from within the same household would classify as theft if the offender has a legal right to be in the house (such as a maid. delivery person. or guestlif the offender has no legal right to be in the house. the incident would classify as a burglary. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistks. National Crime Victimization survey.2018 and 2019. 3502-022 Page 8 of 53 EFTA_00001554 EFTA00156895 The rate of unreported violent crime increased from Assistance from a victim-service agency was received 2015 to 2019 for 8% of violent victimizations From 2018 to 2019, there were no statistically significant Victim-service agencies are public or private changes in the rate of reported or unreported violent organizations that provide help to victims. Based on the crime (whether completed, attempted, or threatened) 2019 survey, assistance from a victim-service agency was (table 7). While the rate of total violent crime (whether received in 8% of violent victimizations (table 8). This completed, attempted, or threatened) reported to police was a decline from the percentage in 2018 (11%). The was 8.6 victimizations reported per 1,000 persons age 12 percentage of violent victimizations committed by an or older in both 2015 and 2019, the rate of unreported intimate partner for which victims received assistance violent crime increased from 9.5 per 1,000 persons in from a victim-service agency increased from 18% in 2018 2015 to 12.1 per 1,000 in 2019. During this same period, to 26% in 2019. the rate of both reported (from 2.2 per 1,000 to 3.1 per 1,000) and unreported (from 3.6 per 1,000 to 5.3 per 1,000) threatened crime increased. TABLE 7 Rate of violent victimization reported and not reported to police, by completed, attempted, and threatened crimes, 2015-2019 Rate of reported crime per 1,000a Rate of unreported crime per 1,000a Violentcrine 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019' 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019' Total 8.6 8.6 9.2 9.9 8.6 95t 10.8 10.9 12.9 12.1 Completed 33 25 2.8 33 25 2.6 2.6 2.6 3.5 22 Attempted 3.1 2.6 2.9 3.2 19 33 3.3 3.8 3.8 4.0 Threatened 2.2* 3.6 3.5 14 3.1 3.6t 4.9 45 5.6 53 Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding and missing data. Vrolent•aime categories indude rape or sexual assault robbery. aggravated assault, and simple assault. Each year between 2015 and 2019. whether the crime was reported to police or not was unknovm at a rate of 03 to 0.5 victimizations per 1.000 persons age 12 or older. See appendix table I I for standard errors. *Comparison year. Difference with comparison year is significant at the 95% confidence level. *Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90% confidence level. a te is per 1.000 persons age 12 or older. See appendix table 34 (or population numbers. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2015-2019. TABLES Percent of violent victimizations for which victims received assistance from a victim-service agency, by type of crime, 2018 and 2019 Type of aim. 2018 2019' Violent crimes 10.6%1 7.7% Violent crime exduding simple assaultb 122 10.8 Simple assault 9.4 t 6.0 Intimate partner violencec 18.1%* 26.1% Violent crime involving injury 14.7% 17.9% Violent crime involvinga weapon 11.2% 7.1% Note: See appendix table 12 for standard errors. *Comparison year. tDifference with comparison year is significant at the 95%confidence level. *Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90%confvdence level. %clucks rape or sexual assault. robbery. aggravated assault. and simple assault. Includes threatened. attempted. and completed occurrences of those crimes. Excludes homicide because the National Crime Victimization Survey is based on interviews with victims. bincludes rape or sexual assault. robbery. and aggravated assault this category was called serious violent crime prior to Criminal Victimization. 2078. %dudes the subset of damestic•violencevictiminations that were committed by intimate partners. which include current or former spouses. boyfriends. or girlfriends. Source Bureau of Justice Statistic. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2018 and 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 1 SEPTEMBER 2020 9 3502-022 Page 9 of 53 EFTA_00001555 EFTA00156896 Rates of violent victimization decreased across some TABLE 9 demographic characteristics from 2018 to 2019 Rate of violent victimization, by type of crime and demographic characteristics of victims, 2018 and 2019 From 2018 to 2019, the rate of violent victimization decreased from 24.7 victimizations per 1,000 white Violent victimization Total violent excludipg simple persons age 12 or older to 21.0 per 1,000 (table 9). Victim demographic victimization assault Among Asians, the rate of violent victimization declined characteristic 2018 2019• 2018 2019• from 16.2 per 1,000 in 2018 to 7.5 per 1,000 in 2019. Toter 232 21.0 8.6 t 73 During this same period, the rate of violent victimization Sex also decreased for persons ages 25 to 34 (from 31.8 to Male 221 21.2 75 73 Female 243 20.8 9.6 t 7.0 25.0 victimizations per 1,000) and ages 35 to 49 from Race/ethnicity (25.2 to 19.5 per 1,000). Among divorced persons, the Whited 24.7 t 21.0 8.2 65 rate of violent victimization decreased from 39.1 per Blacks 20A 18.7 10.0 7.0 1,000 in 2018 to 28.5 per 1,000 in 2019. Hispanic 18.6 21.3 8.5 10/ /Wand 162t 7.5 5.6t 19! Among females, the rate of violent victimization Otherte 49/ 663 20.5 209 excluding simple assault decreased from 9.6 Age victimizations per 1,000 females age 12 or older in 2018 12-17 34/ 35.2 10.1 1113 to 7.0 per 1,000 in 2019. From 2018 to 2019, the rate of 18-24 35.9 37.2 16.3 1613 violent crime excluding simple assault also decreased for 25-34 312* 25.0 11.3 89 persons ages 35 to 49 (from 9.8 to 6.7 victimizations per 3549 25/ 19.5 9.8* 6.7 1,000). For those living in households where income was 50-64 183 18.9 6.4 5.6 less than $25,000 a year, the rate decreased from 19.0 to 65 or older 65 6.0 2.3 19 14.2 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older. Marital status Never married 33.5 31.2 12.9 119 In the same period, the rate of violent crime excluding Married 121 11.5 4.1 313 simple assault for those living in households earning WidowAvidower 125 10.7 4.3 49 more than $200,000 a year increased from 3.0 to 7.0 Divorced 39.11 28.5 14.8 10.7 per 1,000. Separated 58.2 641 20.8 195 Household income Less than $25000 40.8 37.8 19.0 t 14/ $25000549.999 23.5 19.7 9.3 73 $50,000-599.999 165 16.6 4.7 55 $100,000.5199.999 19/ 16.2 5.8 39 $2001300 or more 163 18.0 3.0 t 7.0 Note Rates are per 1.000 persons age 12 or older.Includes threatened. attempted. and completed occurrences of those crimes. See appendix table 34 for population numbers and appendix table 13 for standard errors. "Comparison year. tDifference with comparison year is significant at the 95% confidence level. *Difference with comparison year is signifxant at the 90% confidence level. !Interpret estimate with caution. Estimate is based on 10 or fewer sample cases or coefficient of variation is greater than 50%. alncludes rape or sexual assault. robbery. aggravated assault. and simple assault. Excludes homicide because the National Crime Victimization Survey is based on interviews with victims. bindudes rape or sexual assault. robbery. and aggravated assault this category was called serious violent crime prior to Criminal Victimization. 2018. cstatistically significant differences for the total victimization rates are presented using the Balanced Repeated Replication method. Generalized variance function parameters were used to calculate statistically significant differences (or the rest of the table. dExcludes persons of Hispanic origin (eg.. "white' refers to non•Hispanic whites and "black" refers to non-Hispanic blacks). elncludes Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders. American Indians and Alaska Natives. and persons of two or more races. Source Bureau of Justice Statistic. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2018 and 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 10 3502-022 Page 10 of 53 EFIA_00001556 EFTA00156897 The percentage of violent victimizations reported to TABLE 10 police was higher for females than for males Percent and rate of violent victimizations reported to police, by type of crime and demographic characteristics Based on the 2019 survey, the percentage of violent of victims, 2019 victimizations reported to police was higher for females Violent victimizations (46%) than for males (36%) (table 10). This difference Total violent reported to police, can largely be attributed to reporting of simple assaults, victimizations excluding simple reported to policea assaulta as the percentages of violent victimizations reported Victim demographic Rate per Rate per to police, exduding simple assault, were similar for characteristic Percent 1,00 Percent 1,000c females (47%) and males (46%). The percentage of Total 40.9% 8.6 46.5% 3.4 violent victimizations reported to police was lower Sex for white persons (37%) than for black persons (49%) Male' 35.7% 75 46.4% 3.5 and Hispanics (49%). Among different age groups, the Female 45.9 t 9.6 46.6 3.3 percentage of violent victimizations reported to police, Race/ethnicity excluding simple assault, was lower for persons ages White'b 37.0% 7.8 46.9% 3.0 Blackb 49.2 t 9.2 52.1 3.7 18 to 24 (36%) than for persons ages 25 to 34 (60%), Hispanic 48.8 t 10.4 48.7 5.0 t 50 to 64 (52%), or 65 or older (61%). The percentage Asianb 47.9 3.6t 42.9! 0.8 t ! of violent crime reported to police was lower for those otheos 39.8 26.4 t 27.3 t 5.7 who had never been married (35%) than for married Age (45%), divorced (46%), or separated (62%) persons. The 12-17 24.0%1 8.4 t 37.4% 4.1 percentage of violent victimizations reported to police, 18.24* 37.9 141 36.4 5.8 excluding simple assault, was lowest for those living in 25-34 46.4 11.6 6021 5.3 households earning more than $200,000 a year (13%). 35.49 44.4 8.6 t 422 2.8 t 50-64 47.11 89t 525t 2.9t 65 or older 41.9 25t 61.01 Marital status Never married' 34.8% 10.9 423% 5.0 Married 45.4t 52t 49.8 1.5 t YndowAvidower 47.3 5.0 t 63.9* 3.1 Divorced 46.2 t 13.2 49.7 5.3 Separated 61.7t 39.61 60.9* 11.9* Household income Less than 525.000 41.8% 15.81 46.8% 6.6 t $25.000549.999 44.7 8.8 57.4* 4.31 $50.000499.999* 43.1 72 44.5 2.4 S100.000-5199999 33.0* 53 43.1 1.7 5200.000 or more 29.5t 53 13.41 0.9t Note Violent-crime categories include rape or sexual assault. robbery. aggravated assault. and simple assault, and they indude threatened. attempted. and completed occurrences of those crimes. See appendix table 14 for standarderrors. "Comparison group. tDifference with comparison group is significant at the 95% confidence level. *Difference with comparison group is significant at the 90% confidence level. !Interpret estimate with caution. Estimate is based on 10 or fewer sample cases or coefficient of variation is greater than 50%. aRates are per 1.000 persons age 12 or older. See appendix table 34 for population numbers. bExcludes persons of Hispanic origin (e.g.. "white* refers to non•Hispanic whites and "black" refers to non-Hispanic blacks). cIncludes Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders. American Indians and Alaska Natives. and persons of two or more races. Source. Bureau of Justice Statistic. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 11 3502-022 Page 11 of 53 EFIA_00001557 EFTA00156898 Classification of urban, suburban, and rural areas in the National Crime Victimization Survey By Jeffrey H. Anderson, Ph.D., BJS Director This year, the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) provides to be. Yet the NCVS's historical definitions classify all new classifications of urban, suburban, and rural areas principal cities of MSAs as urban, and all other places as for the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), with not urban. the goal of presenting a more accurate picture of where As a result, Union City, NJ., located just across the criminal victimizations occur. Hudson River from Midtown Manhattan, is classified by Historically, the NCVS has classified areas as urban, the NCVS's historical definitions as suburban, due to its suburban, or rural based on the following definitions: not being defined as a principal city. Union City had a ■ Urban: within a principal city of a Metropolitan 2010 population density of 51,918 people per square Statistical Area (MSA) mile, more than three times the population density of San Francisco (17,180). Meanwhile, Rome, N.Y., which ■ Suburban: within an MSA but not within a principal city had a 2010 population density of 451 people per square of the MSA mile—less than 1% that of Union Crty—is classified by the ■ Rural: outside of an MSA historical definitions as urban.The same is true for Yuma. These definitions are straightforward, but they suffer from Ariz., Hilton Head Island, S.C., and Foley, Ala. None of two main shortcomings: these had a population density in 2010 that was even 2% that of Union City, yet all are classified as urban under the 1. Metropolitan statistical areas are based on entire NCVS's historical definitions, while Union City is classified counties, and counties almost always contain both rural as suburban. and non-rural areas. Yet the NCVS's historical definitions classify each county as being either entirely rural (if not These are not isolated examples. Weighted housing-unit part of an MSA) or entirely non-rural (if part of an MSA). density (discussed more below) is essentially a measure of how closely people live to one another. Based on the For example, California's San Bernardino County, which 2010 Census of Population and Housing and 2013 OMB includes much of the Mojave Desert and covers more than principal-city designations, 506 of the 674 principal cities twice as much land as the state of Maryland, is classified in the United States (75%) had weighted housing-unit as containing no rural areas under the NCVS's historical densities below that of the U.S. as a whole. In other words definitions. This is because San Bernardino County is part three-quarters of the places classified by the historical of the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA, and the definitions as urban were less densely developed than the NCVS's historical definitions do not classify any part of an areas where most U.S. residents lived. MSA as being rural. On the other hand, Colorado's La Plata County, home of Durango, is classified under the historical A new definition: definitions as being entirely rural, because it is not part of BJS's new NCVS definition of urban is based on the notion an MSA. This is true even though the Census Bureau says that urban places are those that are densely populated, that, as of 2010, 40% of La Plata County's population lived are at the center of a major metropolitan area, or some in non-rural areas. combination of these. BJS's specific criteria is that a place Similarly, Casmalia, Calif. had a 2010 population of 138 is urban if it is— people and is surrounded by undeveloped land. Because ■ The main city or Census-designated place (i.e., the first it is located within a county (Santa Barbara) that is place listed) in a 500,000-person (Census-designated) designated as an MSA (the Santa Maria-Santa Barbara "urbanized area," with a weighted housing-unit density MSA), the NCVS's historical definitions classify Casmalia within its city limits of at least 3,000 housing units as suburban. Meanwhile, Bozeman, Mont., with a 2010 per square mile. In other words, the primary city in a population of 37,280-270 times that of Casmalia—is large "urbanized area" qualifies as urban if it meets classified by the NCVS's historical definitions as rural, the weighted-housing-unit-density threshold of 3,000 because it is located in a county that is not part of an MSA. housing units per square mile. (The overall weighted 2. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) housing-unit density for the U.S. is 2,396, based on the designates principal cities (of which there are anywhere 2010 Census.) from 1 to nearly 20 in a given MSA) as being among ■ A named city or Census-designated place in a "the more significant places in each Metropolitan and 500,000-person (Census-designated) "urbanized area:' Micropolitan Statistical Area...in terms of population with a weighted housing-unit density of at least 4,000 and employment:The principal city designation is not housing units per square mile within its city limits. In necessarily indicative of urban status, nor is it intended Continued on next page CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 12 3502-022 Page 12 of 53 EFIA_00001558 EFTA00156899 Classification of urban, suburban, and rural areas in the National Crime Victimization Survey (continued) other words, a city that is prominent enough to be experience of most U.S. residents is more fully captured included by the Census Bureau in the name of a large by weighted population density, which is essentially a "urbanized area" (for example, Long Beach in the Los measure of how densely populated an area is from the Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim urbanized area) qualifies perspective of those who live in it. as urban if it meets the weighted•housing-unit-density Weighted housing-unit density is similar to weighted threshold of 4,000 housing units per square mile. population density, with the difference being that the ■ Any city or Census-designated place with a population latter focuses on population and the former on housing of at least 50,000 and a weighted housing-unit density units. In comparing weighted housing-unit density to of at least 5,000 housing units per square mile. weighted population density, John R. Ottensmann writes. ■ Any city or Census-designated place with a population "Housing units better represent the physical pattern of of at least 10,000 and a weighted housing-unit density urban development, as they are relatively fixed."5 of at least 10,000 housing units per square mile. Housing-unit density is the number of housing units The Census Bureau's "urbanized areas" referenced in per square mile in a given area. Weighted housing-unit this definition are similar to OMB's metropolitan areas, density, under BJS's approach, is the weighted average of but they delineate areas of substantial population rather the housing densities for all census tracts in an area, with than utilizing entire counties. The weighted housing-unit the tracts weighted by their number of housing units. density referenced in this definition is discussed in greater For ease of explanation, imagine an area with only two detail below. census tracts. One tract has 2,000 housing units, covers In addition to developing this definition of urban, BJS has 2 square miles, and thus has a housing-unit density of adopted the Census Bureau's definition of rural to replace 1,000 housing units per square mile. The other tract has the historical NCVS definition of ruralThe Census Bureau 6,000 housing units, covers 1 square mile, and thus has provides specific, carefully drawn boundaries around a housing-unit density of 6,000 housing units per square "urban areas" (both larger "urbanized areas" and smaller mile.The area's weighted housing-unit density is the "urban clusters") using set criteria, classifying everything weighted average of these two tract-level housing-unit outside of those boundaries as rural. densities, or (1,000"2,000+6,000"6,000)/8,000 = 4,750. Otherwise put, the weighted housing-unit density is BJS classifies areas that are neither urban nor rural based one-quarter on the first tract's density (because as suburban. In comparison to places that are urban, it contains one-quarter of the housing units) and three- suburban areas are characterized by lower density, a quarters on the second tract's density. larger ratio of single-family homes to apartments, and layouts based principally on automobile transportation. Weighted housing-unit density identifies urban places Some suburban areas, those that might be thought much more clearly than conventional population density of as "suburbia proper: do not have their own urban does. Among places with populations of at least 10,000 centers but are located near a separate urban city. Other people in 2010, Chicago rises from #71 in conventional suburban areas are cities or towns that have urban population density to 416 in weighted housing-unit centers, but those centers have smaller populations than density, New Orleans from #2,212 to #190, and Urban their surrounding suburban areas, so the bulk of the city's Honolulu from #474 to #13. Meanwhile, Passaic, NJ. falls population lives in suburban areas. (Cities are the smallest from #7 in conventional population density to #45 in geographical designations that can realistically be used weighted housing-unit density, while Santa Ma, Calif. falls in classifying areas as urban.) In short, suburban areas are from #67 to #237 (moving from 4 places above Chicago to a mix of "suburbia proper: towns, and some generally 221 places below). smaller cities that are more suburban than urban. Comparing the old and new definitions: BJS uses weighted housing-unit density in its new Both the old and new NCVS definitions, as would be NCVS definitions because that measure provides a expected, classify New York's five boroughs as urban (New better indication of the degree of urban density than York City's weighted housing-unit density is a nation- conventional population density does. Conventional leading 29,345 housing units per square mile), and they population density is derived by dividing population by both add Jersey City, NJ. (weighted housing-unit density land area, and it measures how densely populated a given area of land is. As of the 2010 Census, the U.S. as a whole Shahn R. Ottensmann. "On Population-Weighted had a conventional population density of 87 people per Density" February 2018. hnps://www.researchgate.nett square mile; however, most U.S. residents do not live in publication/322992771_On_Population-Weighted_Density. areas where there are only 87 people per square mile.The Continued on next page CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 13 3502-022 Page 13 of 53 EFIA_00001559 EFTA00156900 Classification of urban, suburban, and rural areas in the National Crime Victimization Survey (continued) of 13,837 housing units per square mile), Newark, NJ. (25,870); West New York (21,763); Union City, NJ. (20,477): (8,788), and White Plains, N.Y. (5,671). The old definition Cliffside Park. NJ. (12,001); Mount Vernon, N.Y. (8,811); also includes New Brunswick, NJ. (4,908) and Lakewood, East Orange, NJ. (8,763); Bayonne, NJ. (8,263); Yonkers. NJ. (2,106). N.Y. (7,930); Elizabeth, NJ. (7,468); Passaic, NJ. (7.424): and The new definition reclassifies Lakewood and New Paterson, NJ. (6,739). Brunswick as suburban (although just a 2% increase in As the accompanying map of the Washington, D.C. New Brunswick's weighted housing-unit density would area (figure 4) shows, both the old and new definitions qualify it as urban) and adds the following places as include Washington, D.C. (weighted housing-unit density urban: Guttenberg, NJ. (weighted housing-unit density of 10,115 housing units per square mile), Arlington, of 29.171 housing units per square mile); Hoboken, NJ. Va. (10,485), Alexandria, Va. (7,714), and Silver Spring, Md. (6,135), as urban places.The new definitions do not classify anywhere else in the D.C. area as urban.The FIGURE 4 old definitions added as urban Bethesda, Md. (4,325), Washington, D.C. MSA, by old and new classification Gaithersburg, Md. (2,836), Reston, Va. (2.543), Rockville, Md. (2,534), and Frederick. Md. (2,235), all of which the Old classification New classification new definitions classify as suburban. The new definitions more closely fit U.S. residents' own sense of where they live, as reflected in the American Housing Survey (AHS). For each of five metropolitan or micropolitan area designations, the following table and figure show how most AHS respondents in 2017 classified where they lived (and what percentage of respondents gave that classification), what percentage of people would be classified that same way by the new and old NCVS definitions, and the difference between the AHS result and the new and old NCVS results (table 11, figure 5). As table 11 shows, 58% of AHS respondents who lived in the biggest principal city of an MSA said that they lived in an urban place. Forty-three percent of them would be classified as living in an urban place by the new NCVS definitions, a difference of 15 percentage points Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. (58% versus 43%) from the portion of AHS respondents 2019: and 2010 Census of Population and Housing and 2013 OMB who gave that answer. In comparison, 100% of those Metropolitan Statistical Area designations. TABLE 11 U.S. residents' sense of where they live, per the American Housing Survey Percent classified same way as Most common most common AHS classification classification by New NCVS Old NCVS Difference (in percentage points) Part of MSPJmiao area lived in MIS respondentsa definitions definitions Newl4CVS vs. AHS Old NCVSYLAHS Biggest principal city of MSA 58% urban 43% 100% 15 42 Other principal city ofMSA 67% suburban 88 0 21 67 In MSA but not principal city 64% suburban 79 100 15 36 In mictopolitan area 52% rural 48 100 4 48 Outside of metro/micro area 70% rural 75 100 5 30 Average - 12 45 aAmerican Housing Survey. -Not applicable. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National CrimeVictimization Survey. 2019, 2010 Census of Population and Housing and 2013 OMB Metropolitan Statistical Area designations: and US. Department of Housing and Urban Development American Housing Survey. 2017. Continued on next page CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 14 3502-022 Page 14 of 53 EFIA_00001560 EFTA00156901 Classification of urban, suburban, and rural areas in the National Crime Victimization Survey (continued) respondents would be classified as living in an urban classified as suburban—Phoenix, Ariz. and Riverside, place by the old NCVS definitions, a difference of 42 Calif.—had 2010 weighted housing-unit densities below percentage points (58% vs. 10096) from the portion of that of the U.S. as a whole. AHS respondents who gave that answer. While AHS According to the historical NCVS definitions, by far the respondents' answers about where they live are not most urban region in the country is the West, followed necessarily dispositive, the new NCVS definitions fare far by the South (using the Census Bureau's regional better than the old ones versus the AHS in every category, classifications). Under the new definitions, the Northeast by a margin of at least 21 percentage points per category is by far the most urban region, followed in order by the and an average margin of 33 points per category. West, Midwest, and South. The most suburban region Under the new definitions. 12% of the population lives according to the old definitions is the Northeast Under in urban areas, 69% in suburban areas, and 1996 in rural the new definitions, the West is the most suburban region. areas, compared to 33% in urban areas, 53% in suburban with the Northeast being the least suburban region. areas, and 14% in rural areas under the old definitions A complete list of places classified as urban under the new (table 31).0f the main cities in the 15 largest MSAs in NCVS definitions is provided at the back of this report the U.S., the new definitions classify 13 as urban.The two (appendix table 36). FIGURE 5 Location-of-residence classification, by source of classification American Housing Survey respondent dassification Percent leo 1 ■ Urban 30 ■ Suburban 60 ■ Rural 40 JO 0 Rig gest principal city of ?ASA Other principal city of MSA InMSAbut not principal city In micropolitan area Outside of metro/micro ere New NCVS definitions 1C0 80 60 40 JO Riggest principal city oft.S Other principal city of /ASA In MSA but not principal city In micropolitan area Outside of met romtcru sc Old NCVS definitions l00 30 60 40 10 0 Biggest principal Glyn( ?ASA Other principal city of MSA InMSAbut not principal dry In micropolitan area Outside of metro/rmuo area Note See appendix table 4 for estimates. Source:Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2019: US. Department of Housing and Urban Development. American Housing Survey. 2017: and 2010 Censusof Population and Housing and 2013 OMB Metropolitan Statistical Area designations. 3502-022 Page 15 of 53 EFIA_00001561 EFTA00156902 The rate of violent victimization in urban areas, rural (from 80.3 to 68.1 per IMO) areas. There was no based on the new classifications of urban, suburban, statistically significant change in the rate of property and rural areas, declined from 2018 to 2019 crime in urban areas. From 2018 to 2019, the rate of violent victimization in Based on the new definitions, the 2019 rate of violent urban areas declined from 26.5 victimizations per 1,000 victimization in urban areas (21.1 per 1,000 persons persons age 12 or older to 21.1 per 1,000 (table 12) based age 12 or older) and suburban areas (22.3 per 1,000) on the NCVS's new classifications of urban, suburban, was higher than the rate in rural areas (16.3 per and rural areas (see text box on pp. 12-15). Excluding 1,000). There was no statistically significant difference simple assault, the rate of violent victimization in urban between the rates of violent victimization in urban and areas fell from 12.2 victimizations per 1,000 persons age suburban areas, and there were no statistically significant 12 or older in 2018 to 8.0 per 1,000 in 2019. There were differences in the rates of violent victimization excluding no statistically significant changes in the rates of violent simple assault across urban, suburban, and rural areas. victimization, or of violent victimization excluding The rate of property victimization in urban areas simple assault, in suburban or rural areas from 2018 (153.0 per 1,000 households) was higher than the rate to 2019. The rate of property victimization, however, in suburban (100.8 per 1,000) and rural areas (68.1 per declined from 2018 to 2019 in both suburban (from 1,000). The rate of property victimization in suburban 108.6 to 100.8 victimizations per 1.000 households) and areas was also higher than the rate in rural areas. TABLE 12 Rate of victimization, by type of crime and location of residence, 2018 and 2019 Rate per 1,000a Violent ctimeexduding Violent cumeb simple assault' Propertycrimed location of residences 2018 2019° 2018 2019' 2018 2019' New definition ilibanf 26.5* 21.1 122f 8.0 146.9 153.0 Suburbang 23.8 22.3 8.6 7.6 108.6* 1008 Ruralh 18.9 16.3 6.3 5.6 803t 68.1 Old definition Urban' 28.9 26.0 12.2 9.5 1429 144.4 Suburban/ 18.6 165 6.1 5.7 86.71 74.9 Ruralk 26.9 26.3 9.6 7.7 101.7$ 92.1 Note: Statistically significant differences for the new definition rates are presented wing the Balanced Repeated Replication method of direct estimation. Statistically significant differences for the old definition rates are presented using generalized variance function parameters. See appendix table IS for standard errors. 'Comparison year. tDifference with comparison year is significant at the 95% confidence level. *Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90%confidence level. abate is per 1.000 persons age 12 or older for violent crime and per 1.000 households for property crime. See table 31 for populations. blncludes rape or sexual assault. robbery. aggravated assault. and simple assault. Excludes homicide because the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is based on interviews with victims. %dudes rape or sexual assault. robbery. and aggravated assault: this category was called serious violent crime prior to Criminal Victimization. 20 f8. dlncludes burglary. residential trespassing. motor-vehicle theft. and other theft. eke Classification of<Ann.suburban, andrural areas in the NationalCrimeVktimizolion Survey on pp. 12-I S and Methodology for details on the measurement of location of residence in the NCVS. fAll census blocks within cities or Census•designated places that meet certain criteria based on their population and density. See Classification ofurban, suburban, andrural areas in the National Crime Victimization Survey on pp. 12-IS and appendix table 36. gAll other census blocks not classified as urban or rural. bAll census blocks not in Census Bureau•defined urbanized areas or urban clusters. !Within the principal city of a Metropolitan Statistical Area IMSA). Within an MSA but not in a principal city of the MSA. kNot within an MSA. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistic. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2018 and 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 16 3502-022 Page 16 of 53 EFIA_00001562 EFTA00156903 population. The offender-to-population ratio shows Incidents estimates that the percentage of violent incidents involving male An incident is a specific criminal act involving one or offenders (75%) was about 1.5 times greater than the more victims.° In 2019, there were 5.4 million total percentage of males represented in the population (49%), violent incidents involving victims age 12 or older whereas the percentage of violent incidents involving (table 13). female offenders (21%) was 0.4 times the percentage of females in the population (51%). Patterns varied in the demographic characteristics of victims and offenders involved in violent incidents, as The victim-to-population ratio varied by race. The perceived by the victims. Based on the 2019 survey, the percentage of violent incidents involving white (62%) victim-to-population ratio of 1.0 for both males and or black (11%) victims was similar to the population females shows that the percentage of violent incidents percentages of white (62%) or black (12%) persons. involving male (49%) or female (51%) victims was Likewise, about 17% of violent incidents involved equal to males' (49%) or females (51%) share of the Hispanic victims, which was equal to the representation of Hispanics in the population (17%). A smaller &Tables 13 through 17 present incident-level data on victims and percentage of violent incidents involved Asian victims offenders. Offender characteristics in the NCVS are based on victims (2%) than the share of Asians in the population (6%). perceptions of offenders. TABLE 13 Percent and number of violent incidents, by total population and victim and offender demographic characteristics, 2019 Number of Percent of Ratio of percentages violent incidents Percent of violent incidents Offender Offender to Victim to Demographic characteristic Population' Offenderb Victim population" Offenderb Victim to victim population poptdation Total 276.872,470 5,440,680 5,440,680 100% 100% 100% 1.0 1.0 1.0 Sex Male 134.691660 3,806,570 2,668,600 48.6% 75.0%1 49.0% 15 15 1.0 Female 142.178.810 1,085,550 2,772,070 51.4 21.4t 51.0 OA OA 1.0 Both male and female offenders 182,030 - 3.6 - Racetethnidty White' 171,423.480 2,289,390 3,379,920 61.9% 50.2%t 62.1% 0.8 0.8 1.0 Blackc 33,397.100 1,140,470 582,650 1/1 25.0 t 10.7 23 2.1 0.9 Hispanics 47,890.870 853,990 926,650 173 18.7 17.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 Asianc 17,401.410 44,520 123,400 63 1.0 t 2.3 t 0.4 0.2 0.4 Other(' 6,759.600 208.170 428,050 24 4.6t 7.9t 0.6 1.9 3.2 Muhipk offenders of various racesc 27.720! - 0.6! - - - Age 11 or youngerf 94,230 2.0% - - - - 12-17 24,941.440 723,630 800,300 9.0% 15.6t 14.7%t 1.1 1.7 1.6 18.29 52,798,870 1,348,610 1,617,860 19.1 29.0 t 29.7 t 1.0 1.5 1.6 30 or older 199,132,160 2,323,940 3,022,520 71.9 50.0 t 55.61 0.9 0.7 0.8 Multiple offenders of various ages - 157390 3A - - - - Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding and missing data for offender characteristic. An incident is a specific criminal act involving one or more victims. Offender characteristics are based on victims' perceptions of offenders. See appendix table 16 for standard errors. 'Comparison group. tOifference with comparison group is significant at the %%confidence level. !Interpret with caution. Estimate is based on 10 or fewer sample cases. or coefficient of variation is greater than 50%. —Not applicable. aThe National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) population represents persons age 12 or older living in non-institutionartzed residential settings in the US. bincludes those incidents in which the perceived offender characteristics were reported.The sex of the offender was unknown in 7% of incidents. the race or ethnicity of the offender was unknown in 16% of incidents. and the age of the offender was unknown in 15% of incidents. cExdudes persons of Hispanic origin le.g.."white" refers to non-Hispanic whites and 'black* refers to non-Hispanic blacks). dIf the victim perceived any of the offenders in a multiple offender incident to be of Hispanic origin. they are classified as Hispanic. elncludes Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders. American Indians and Alaska Natives. and persons of two or more races. (While the NCVS does not survey victims age II or younger. victims may report the offender to be age 11 or younger. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 17 3502-022 Page 17 of 53 EFTA_00001563 EFTA00156904 Based on victims perceptions of the offenders, the offenders (50%) or victims (56%) than their percentage offender-to-population ratio shows that the percentage of the population (72%). of violent incidents involving black offenders (25%) was 2.1 times the percentage of black persons (12%) in the Females were offenders in a greater percentage of violent population. The percentage of violent incidents involving incidents committed against females (28%) than against white offenders (50%) was about four-fifths (0.8 times) males (14%) (table 14). Males were offenders in a greater the percentage of whites (62%) in the population, percentage of violent incidents committed against males while the percentage of violent incidents involving (82%) than against females (69%). Hispanic offenders (19%) was similar to the percentage Based on victims' perceptions, about 1.7 million violent of Hispanics in the population (17%). The percentage incidents in 2019 were committed against white persons of violent incidents involving Asian offenders (1%) was by offenders who were white, 346,260 violent incidents about one-fifth (0.2 times) the percentage of Asians in were committed against black persons by offenders the population (6%). The percentage of violent incidents who were black, and 334,600 violent incidents were involving offenders of other races (Native Hawaiians and committed against Hispanic persons by offenders who Other Pacific Islanders, American Indians and Alaska were Hispanic (table 15). There were 5.3 times as many Natives, and persons of two or more races) was about double (1.9 times) the collective percentage of those races in the population. TABLE 14 Percent of violent incidents, by victim and offender The offender-to-victim ratio shows that the percentage sex, 2019 of violent incidents involving black offenders (25%) Offender sex was over twice (2.3 times) the percentage of incidents Number of Both male committed against black victims (11%). In contrast, the Victim sex violent incidents Total Male Female and female percentage of incidents involving white offenders (50%) Total 5,074,160 100% 75.0%t 21.4%t 3.6% was four-fifths (0.8 times) the percentage of incidents Male' 2.410,380 100% 82.1 143 33 committed against white victims (62%), while the Female 2.663,770 100% 68.6 t 27.7 t 3.7 percentage involving Asian offenders was two-fifths (0.4 Note Details may not sum to totals due to rounding. An incident is a specific criminal act involving one or more victims. Offender sex is based times) the percentage committed against Asian victims. on victims' perceptions of o&nders. Includes those incidents in which the perceived sex of the offender was reported.The sex of the offender Persons ages 12 to 17 were more than 1.5 times more was unknown in 7% of incidents. which is why the number of incidents reported here is only 93%as high as in table 13. See appendix table 17 for likely to be offenders (16%) or victims (15%) in violent standard errors. incidents than their percentage of the population (9%). 'Comparison group. Those between the ages of IS to 29 showed a similar tDifference with comparison group is significant at the 95% confidence level. pattern. Those age 30 or older were less likely to be Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics.National Crime Victimization Survey,2019. TABLE 15 Number of violent incidents, by victim and offender race or ethnicity, 2019 Number of Offender raceiethnkity Victim race/ethnicity violent incidents Whit& Morita HIspankb Other" Whiten 2,796,710 1,722,230' 472570t 463,520t 138,380t [pada 494,610 89,980 t 346,260' 43,730t 14,640 t! Hispanic 774.310 170,840 t 249.030 334,600' 19.840 t Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding. An incident is a specific criminal act involving one or more victims. Offender race or ethnicity is based on victims' perceptions of offenders.Indudes those violent incidents in which the perceived offender race or ethnicity was reported.Offender race or ethnicity was unknown in 16% of violent incidents. which is why the number of incidents reported here is only 84%as high as in table 13. See appendix table 18 for standard errors. 'Comparison groups are intraracial victim and offender percentages (white-on•vAsite. black•on.bladc. and Hispanic•on-Hispanicl. tDifference with comparison group is significant at the 95% confidence level. !Interpret with caution. Estimate is based on 10 or fewer sample cases. or coefficient of variation is greater than 50% aExdudes persons of Hispanic origin leg-"white" refers to nonitispanic whites ancrbladc"refers to non•Hispanic blacks). blf the victim perceived any of the offenders in a multiple offender incident to be of Hispanic origin. they are dassified asHispanic. qncludes Asians. NativeHawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders.Amerkan Indians and Alaska Natives. persons of two or more races.and multiple offenders of various races. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistic. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 18 3502-022 Page 18 of 53 EFIA_00001564 EFTA00156905 violent incidents committed by black offenders against Sixty-two percent of violent incidents committed against white victims (472,570) as were committed by white white victims were perceived to be committed by white offenders against black victims (89,980). offenders, the same portion (62%) of the total U.S. population age 12 or older that was white (table 17). The largest percentage of violent incidents committed Among black victims, the percentage of violent incidents against white, black, and Hispanic victims were perceived to be committed by black offenders (70%) was committed by someone of the same race or ethnicity 5.8 times higher than the percentage of black persons in (table 16). Offenders were white in 62% of violent the population (12%). The percentage of violent incidents incidents committed against white victims, black in committed against Hispanic victims by Hispanic 70% of incidents committed against black victims, and offenders (43%) was 2.5 times higher than the percentage Hispanic in 43% of incidents committed against of Hispanics in the population (17%). Hispanic victims. TABLE 16 Percent of violent incidents, by victim and offender race or ethnicity, 2019 Victim race/ Number of Offender race/ethnicity ethnicity violent incidents Total white Black. Hispanle Otherm Whit? 2.796.710 100% 61.694* 16.9%t 16.6%t 4.9%t Blacka 494610 103% 18.2 t 70.0" to t 3.0 t! Hispanic 774310 103% 22.1 t 32.2 t 43.2* 2.6 t Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding. An incident is a specific criminal act involving one or more victims. Offender race or ethnicity is based on victims' perceptionsof offenders.Includes those violent incidents in which the perceived offender race or ethnicity vras reported. Offender race or ethnicity was unknown in 16% of violent incidents, which is why the number of incidents reported here is only 84%as high as in table 13. See appendix table 19 for standard errors. 'Comparison groups are intramcial victim and offender percentages (white-on-white, black.on•bladc, and Hispanic•on-Hispanic). tDifferencewith comparison group is significant at the 95% confidence level. *Difference with comparison group is significant at the 90% confidence level. !Interpret with caution. Estimate is based on 10 or fewer sample cases. or coefficient of variation is greater than 50% aExdudes persons of Hispanic origin (e.g.. "vAite" refers to non•Hispanic whites and "black' refers to non-Hispanic blacks). blf the victim perceived any of the offenders in a multiple offender incident to be of Hispanic origin. they are classified as Hispanic. cindudes Asians. Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders. American Indians and Alaska Natives. persons of two or more races. and multiple offenders of various races. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2019. TABLE 17 Percent of violent incidents and percent of the U.S. population, by victim and offender race or ethnicity, 2019 Ratio of percentages Percent of violent incidents Offender of same Offender of another committed by offenders Percent of the populationa race/ethnicity to race/ethnicity to Victim race/ Of the same Of another Of the same Of another population of same population of another ethnicity Total race/ethnicity race/ethnicity Total race/ethnicity" race/ethnicity racelethnicityb race/ethnicity Whited 100% 61.6% 384% 100% 61.9% 38.1% 1.0 1.0 Blac 100% 70.01 30.0t 100% 12.1 87.9 5b 03 Hispa kdnic 100% 43.2t 56.8t 100% 17.3 82.7 23 0.7 Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding. An incident is a specific criminal act involving one or more victims. Offender race or ethnicity is based on victims perceptions of offenders.Includes those violent incidents in which the perceived offender race or ethnicity was reported. Offender race or ethnicity was unknown in 16% of violent incidents. See appendix table 20 for standard errors. 'Comparisons are between the percentage of the U5. population of the same race or ethnicity and the percentage of violent incidents committed by offenders of the same race or ethnicity. and between the percentage of the U.S. population of another race or ethnicity and the percentage of violent incidents committed by offenders of another race or ethnicity. tDifferencewith comparison group is significant at the 95% confidence level. ache National Crime Victimization Survey population represents persons age 12 or older living in non-institutionalized residential settings in the U.S. bTbe percentage of incidents committed by offenders of the same race or ethnicity of the victim divided by the percentage of the U.S. population of the same raceor ethnicity. cllw percentage of incidents committed by offenders of another race or ethnicity divided by the percentage of the U.S. population of another race or ethnicity. dExcludes persons of Hispanic origin (e.g.. "white' refers to non•Hispanic vAites and 'black's refers to non-Hispanic blacks). Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION. 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 19 3502-022 Page 19 of 53 EFTA_00001565 EFTA00156906 change in the percentage of persons who experienced Prevalence estimates robbery, aggravated assault, or simple assault. The percentage of persons who experienced violent After increasing 22% from 2015 (0.41%) to 2018 (0.50%), crime excluding simple assault declined from 2018 the percentage of U.S. residents age 12 or older who to 2019 were victims of violent crime excluding simple assault decreased 12% (to 0.44%) in 2019. The number of Prevalence reflects the number or percentage of victims of violent crime excluding simple assault fell unique persons who were crime victims, or of unique from 1.4 million in 2018 to 1.2 million persons age 12 or households that experienced crime. Based on the 2019 older in 2019. This was largely driven by a decrease in the survey, 1.10% of all persons age 12 or older experienced number of victims of rape or sexual assault. one or more violent victimizations, which was not a statistically significant change from the percentage Prevalence rates declined from 2018 to 2019 for selected in 2018 (1.18%) but was higher than in 2015 (0.98%) characteristics of violent crime. The percentage of (table 18). The percentage of persons who experienced persons who were victims of domestic violence declined rape or sexual assault declined from 0.13% in 2018 to (from 0.23% to 0.19%), as did the percentage of persons 0.08% in 2019, but there was not a statistically significant who experienced violent crime involving injury (from 0.31% to 0.27%). TABLE 18 Number and percent of persons who were victims of violent crime, by type of crime, 2015-2019 Number of victimsa Percent of personsb Type of crime 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019. 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019. Total violent crime 2,650,670t 2,882320 3,106340 3254250 3,059,060 0.98%t 1.06% 1.14% 1.18% 1.10% Rape/sexual assaultd 204,000 162,940 208.960 347,090 t 212,230 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.13 t 0.08 Robbery 375280 312,310 402.430 363,210 337,720 0.14 0.11 0.15 0.13 0.12 Assault 2,175,520 t 2,497,500 2,595.780 2468,820 2.586,170 0.81 t 0.92 0.95 0.97 0.93 Aggravated assault 560120 t 680,770 646.540 694,260 697,190 0.21* 0.25 024 0/5 025 Simple assault 1,690.190 t 1,903,860 2,024.880 2.058,870 1.965,410 0.63* 0.70 0.74 0.75 0.71 Violent crime excluding simple assaulte 1,099.400 1,123,190 1,225,800 1367,270* 1.216,400 0.41% 0.41% 0.45% 0.5096* 0.44% Selected characteristics of violent crime Domestic violence' 493310 514,350 559.820 636,540t 521,870 0.18% 0.19% 021% 023%t 0.19% Intimatepartner violence] 310,090 273,890 308.560 368,980 310,320 0.12 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.11 Stranger violenceh 1,117340t 1276,710 1,370.020 1.411,500 1393,650 0.41t 0:17 0.50 0.51 0.50 Violent crime involving injury 778300 663,920 722.560 841,280 735,430 0.29 024 027 0.31 * 027 Violent crime involving a weapon 644370 t 767,320 776.770 838,630 788,920 0.24 * 028 0.29 030 028 Note Details may not sum to totals because a person may experience multiple types of crime Violent•crime categories include rape or sexual assault. robbery. aggravated assault. and simple assault. and they include threatened. attempted. and completed occurrences of those crimes. Other violent•crime categories in this table. including domestic violence and violent crime involving injury. are not mutually exclusive from these categories or from each other. See appendix table 34 for population numbers and appendix table 21 for standard errors. 'Comparison year. tDifference with comparison year is significant at the 95%confidence level. *Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90%confidence level. aNumber of persons age 12 or older who experienced at least one violent victimization during the year. bPercentage of persons age 12 or older who experienced at least one violent victimization during the year. cExcludes homicide because the National Crime Victimization Survey is based on interviews with victims. dSee Methodology for details on the measurement of rape or sexual assault in the NCVS. elncludes rape or sexual assault. robbery. and aggravated assault: this category was called serious violent crime prior to Criminal Vicanization. 2018. 'Includes the subset of violent victimization that were committed by intimate partners or family members. glncludes the subset of domestic-violence victimizations that were committed by intimate partners. which include current or former spouses. boyfriends. or girlfriends. hlncludes the subset of violent victimizations that were committed by someone unknown to the victim. Source Bureau of Justice Statistic, National CrimeVictimization Survey, 2015.2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 20 3502-022 Page 20 of 53 EFIA_00001566 EFTA00156907 Between 2018 and 2019, the number of white or TABLE 19 Asian violent-crime victims decreased, and the Number and percent of persons who were victims of number of Hispanic victims increased violent crime, by demographic characteristics of victims, 2018 and 2019 Based on the 2019 survey, an estimated 1.17% of males (1.6 million) and 1.04% of females (1.5 million) were the Victim demographic Number of vgnmsa Percent of persons') victim of at least one violent crime (table 19). Prevalence characteristic 2018 2019° 2018 2019' rates decreased for some demographic groups from 2018 Total 3254,250 3.059.060 1.18% 1.10% to 2019. The percentage of females who were victims of Sex violent crime decreased from 1.16% in 2018 to 1.04% Male 1,615,610 1.579.530 1.21% 1.17% in 2019. The percentage of whites who were victims Female 1,638,640* 1.479540 1.161 1.04 Racelethnidty decreased from 1.19% in 2018 to 1.07% in 2019, and the Whites 2047,6401 1,836520 1.19%1 1.07% percentage of Asians who were victims declined from Black< 416,850 367,030 1.26 1.10 0.67% to 0.42% during this time period. From 2018 to Hispanic 493,520* 610,690 1.05 t 1.28 2019, the prevalence of violent victimization declined Asians 115,510* 73,870 0.67 T 0.42 for persons ages 35 to 49 (from 1.27% to 1.06%). The Other<gi 180,730 170,950 2.79 253 prevalence of violent victimization also decreased among Age persons who were divorced (from 1.81% to 1.54%) or 12-17 377,420 400,830 131% 1.61% were widows or widowers (from 0.93% to 0.60%). 18-24 484,710 504,420 1.62 1.70 25-34 684250 677.100 132 150 From 2018 to 2019, the portion of Hispanic persons 35-49 779,070 t 651,210 1/7 t 1.06 who were victims of violent crime increased from 1.05% 50-64 675,580 612,010 1.07 0.98 to 1.28%. There were no other statistically significant 65 or older 253/30 213,490 0.49 0.40 increases in the prevalence of violent victimization by Marital status demographic groups from 2018 to 2019. Never married 1.572,480 1567,440 1.62% 1.60% Married 899,040 820,940 0.70 0.63 Widow/ The percentage and number of households that widower 140,520 t 90300 0.93 t 0.60 experienced property crime decreased from 2018 Divorced 495,460# 417,300 1.81t 1.54 to 2019 Separated 137,510 156,050 268 3.14 Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding and missing data. The 2019 survey found that 6.76% of all households Violent-crime categories include rape or sexual assault. robbery. aggravated assault. and simple assault, and they indude threatened. attempted. (8.5 million) experienced one or more property and completed occurrences of those crimes. See appendix table 34 for victimizations, down from 7.27% (9.1 million) in 2018 population numbers and appendix table 22 for standard errors. (table 20). This decline was driven in part by a decrease *Comparison year. in the rate of burglary. The percentage of households *Difference with comparison year is significant at the 95%conndence level. *Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90%confictence level. experiencing burglary decreased from 1.07% in 2018 aNumber of persons age 12 or older who experienced at least one violent to 0.82% in 2019, a decline of 23%. The prevalence of victimization during the year. motor-vehicle theft remained relatively stable from 2018 bPercentage of persons age 12 or older who experienced at least one violent victimization during the year. to 2019. cExdudes persons of Hispanic origin (e.g.. 'white" refers to non-Hispanic whites and "black" refers to non-Hispanic blacks). dincludes Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders. American Indians and Alaska Natives, and persons of two or more races. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistic. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2018 and 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 21 3502-022 Page 21 of 53 EFIA_00001567 EFTA00156908 TABLE 20 Number and percent of households victimized, by type of property crime, 2015-2019 Number of households victimize& Percent of households victimizedb Type of property crime 2015 2016 2017 2018 20W 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019• Total 10,030,510 9225,060 9,145,690 t 9080.4901 8545,770 7.60%1 7.37% t 743%1 7.27%t 6.76% Burglary/trespassingc 2,175,380 2,037320 1,842,7301 1251.4201 1,537,190 1.65%1 153%1 1.50%t 1.48%t 1.22% Burglaryd 1.562,130 1,455,720 1,273,410t 1333,600t 1.040,730 1.18t 1.091 1.031 1.07t 0.82 Trespassinge 707,910 671,650 639,6201 585,190 530,440 0.54 t 0.501 0.521 0.47 0.42 Motor-vehicle theft 465,650 470,880 438,860 424360 411.140 0.35% 035% 0.36% 0.34% 0.33% Other [befit 7.941,030 7,803350 7,330,960# 7,261240 6,991.800 6.02%1 5.85%1 5.96%1 5.82%1 5.53% Note: Details may not sum to totals because a household may experience multiple types of crime.The number of property crimes should not be compared from 2017. 2018. or 2019 to 2016 or 2015, as the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) household weighting adjustment was updated for 2017 onward, which decreased the number of estimated households by about 8%. Property crime rates are unaffected by this change. See Methodology for details. See appendix table 35 for number of households and appendix table 23 for standard errors. *Comparison year. tDifference with comparison year is significant at the 95% confidence level. *Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90% confidence level. aNumber of households that experienced at least one property victimization during the year. ttercentage of households that experienced at least one property victimization during the year. cCalled household burglary prior to Criminal Victimization. 2018. Includes unlawful or forcible entry or attempted entry of places, including a permanent residence, other residence (e.g.. a hotel room or vacation residence). or other structure (e.g.. a garage or shed). but does not include trespassing on land. dlndudes only crimes where the offender committed or attempted a theft Estimates differ from those previously published in the Criminal Victimization. 2018report because a coding error that affected the generation of those earlier estimates has been corrected. Includes crimes where the offender did not commit or attempt a theft. Does not include trespassing on land. Estimates differ from those previously published in the Criminal Victimization. 20 f8 report because a coding error that affected the generation of those earlier estimates has been corrected. Includes the taking or attempted unlawful taking of property or cash without personal contact with the victim. Incidents involving theft of property from eithin the same household would classify as theft if the offender has a legal right to be in the house (such as a maid. delivery person, or guest). If the offender has no legal right to be in the house, the incident would classify as a burglary. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey, 2015.2019. Prevalence of serious crime Tables 21 and 22 in this report present a person-based Serious property crime includes— prevalence measure to show the number and percentage ■ Completed burglary: unlawful or forcible entry of persons who were victims of a serious crime. This into places, including a permanent residence, other measure includes serious violent and serious property residence (e.g., a hotel room or vacation residence), or crimes combined into one statistic. Crimes included in this other structure (e.g., a garage or shed), and involving a measure are those for which offenders can generally be theft or attempted theft charged with a felony offense. ■ Completed motor-vehicle theft. Serious violent crime includes— The measure of serious crime attributes a completed ■ Rape or sexual assault completed or attempted rape, burglary victimization to each person age 12 or older in completed sexual assault with serious or minor injuries, the household, and it attributes completed motor-vehicle and completed forced sexual assault without injury theft to persons age 12 or older in the household when ■ Robbery: completed or attempted robbery they were the person responding to the survey on behalf ■ Aggravated assault: completed aggravated assault of the household (the household reference person) or with injury, and attempted or threatened aggravated were related to the household reference person. assault with a weapon. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 22 3502-022 Page 22 of 53 EFIA_00001568 EFTA00156909 The percentage of persons who were victims of crime declined from 1.25% in 2018 to 0.96% in 2019. The serious crime decreased from 2018 to 2019 percentage of persons age 12 or older who were victims of completed burglary declined from 0.98% in 2018 to There were 880,000 fewer victims of serious crimes in 0.73% in 2019. 2019 than in 2018, a 19% drop (table 21). Serious crimes are those for which an offender can generally be charged From 2018 to 2019, the percentage of persons age 12 with a felony offense. Based on the 2019 survey, 1.36% of or older who were victims of completed or attempted persons age 12 or older (3.8 million) experienced at least rape or of completed sexual assault with injury or one serious crime, down from 1.68% (4.6 million) in force declined from 0.09% to 0.06%, a drop of more 2018. The decline in serious crime was driven primarily than 85,000 victims. There were no other statistically by a decrease in serious property crime, especially a significant changes in serious violent crime from 2018 decline in completed burglary. The percentage of persons to 2019. age 12 or older who were victims of serious property TABLE 21 Number and percent of persons who were victims of serious alma 2015-2019 Number olvIctine Percent of personsb Type of crime 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019. 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019' Total serious almec 4,793040T 4,708,410 t 4329,5201' 4,63C‘730 3,756,490 1.78%t 1.73%t 1.66%t 1.68%t 1.36% Serious violent aimed 1,063,530 1,092,700 1.170,460 1277,820 1,173,030 039% 0.40% 0.43% 0.46% 042% Rape/sexual assault exd. threats and no-force contact 164,880 131,760 144,280 254320t 168,860 006 0.05 0.05 0.09 t 006 Robbery 375,280 312,310 402,430 363210 337,720 0.14 0.11 0.15 0.13 0.12 Aggravated assault 560,720T 680.770 646,540 694260 697.190 0211 025 024 025 025 Serious property aimee 3,824,5501 3.693,820 i 3,452,530 t 3,443,770 t 2,662370 142%1 1.36%t 127%1 125%t 0.96% Completed burglary 3,083.6401 2,973,8901 2.736,910 t 2,691.120t 2,016280 1.141 1091 1.001 0.981' 0.73 Completed motor-vehicle theft 801.770 802,270 746,630 794,040 663.430 030 029 027 0.29 024 Note: Details may not sum to totals because a person may experience multiple types of crime. See appendix table 24 for standard errors. 'Comparison year. }Difference with comparison year is significant at the 95% confidence level. $Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90% confidence level. aNumber of persons age 12 or older who experienced at least one serious crime during the year. bPercentage of persons age 12 or older who experienced at least one serious crime during the year. %dudes persons who were a victim of a serious violent crime or whose household experienced a completed burglary or completed motor-vehicle theft. For these crimes. offenders can generally be charged with a felony offense. dincludes completed rape or attempted rape. sexual assault with serious or minor injuries. completed forced sexual assault without injury. completed or attempted robbery. completed aggravated assault with injury.and attempted or threatened aggravated assault with a weapon. Excludes simple assault. threatened rape or sexual assault. and unwanted sexual contact (not rape) without force. °Includes completed burglary and completed motor-vehicle theft. Completed burglary includes unlawful or forcible entry of places. including a permanent residence, other residence (e.g., a hotel room or vacation residence). or other structure (e.g.. a garage or shed).and involving a theft or attempted theft. Excludes attempted burglary. residential trespassing• and all other property crimes. This measure attributes a burglary victimization to each person age 12 or older in the household. Completed motor-vehicle•theft victimization were attributed to persons only when they were age 12 or older and were the reference person for their household or were related to the reference person. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2015.2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 23 3502-022 Page 23 of 53 EFIA_00001569 EFTA00156910 From 2018 to 2019, the percentage of whites and TABLE 22 blacks who were victims of serious crime decreased Number and percent of persons who were victims of serious crime, by demographic characteristics of victims, Based on the 2019 survey, 1.44% of males (1.9 million 2018 and 2019 males) and 1.28% of females (l.8 million females) were victims of serious crime (table 22), which represented a Victim demographic Number of victims.) Percent of personsb decline from 2018 for both sexes. In 2019, the prevalence characteristic 2018 2019• 2018 20W of serious crime was higher for males than for females. Total 46367301 3.756,490 1.68% t 1.36% Sex The percentage of white persons age 12 or older who Male 2.307,130t 1,935310 1.72%t 1.44% experienced serious crime declined from 1.57% in Female 2,329,600 t 1,821,170 1.65 t 1.28 2018 to 1.23% in 2019. The percentage of black persons Race/ethnicity declined from 2.21% to 1.57%. The percentage of White 2,687.680 t 2,103,410 1.57%t 1.23% Hispanics who were victims of serious crime in 2019 Blackc 732.020 t 522,790 2.21 t 1.57 Hispanic 889200 815,790 1.89 1.70 (1.70%) was higher than the percentage of whites (1.23%) Asianc 124380 136,990 0.72 0.79 or Asians (0.79%). Othed-d 202.860 177,510 3.13 2.63 Age The prevalence of serious crime decreased from 2018 12-17 485,480* 364,230 1.95%t 1.46% to 2019 among persons ages 12 to 17 (from 1.95% to 18-24 553,530 545.930 1.86 1.84 1.46%), 35 to 49 (from 1.82% to 1.30%), 50 to 64 (from 25-34 831,150 746950 1.85 1.65 1.60% to 1.23%), and 65 or older (from 1.26% to 1.00%). 35-49 1.113800 t 798,510 1.82 1.30 In 2019, the percentage of persons ages 18 to 24 (1.84%) 50-64 1.004,830 t 769.840 1.60 t 1.23 who experienced serious crime was higher than the 65 or older 645,940* 531.020 1261 1.00 percentage of persons ages 35 to 49 (1.30%), 50 to 64 Marital status (1.23%), and 65 or older (1.00%). Never married 1,920,4501 1.584,980 1.98%1. 1.62% Married 1.585,130t 1,353,800 1231 1.04 Never-married persons, married persons, widows WidowAvidower 297,0201 183,680 1.96 t 1.21 or widowers, and divorced persons all experienced Divorced 652,090t 501,530 2381 1.84 declines in serious crime from 2018 to 2019. In 2019, Separated 170380 128320 3.32 238 the prevalence of serious crime for married persons Note.Details may not sum to totals due to rounding and missing data. Serious crimes are those that are generally prosecuted as felonies: these (1.04%) was lower than the prevalence for never-married include most completed or attempted violent crimes apart from simple (1.62%), divorced (1.84%), or separated (2.58%) persons. assault. and completed burglaries and motor-vehicle thefts. SeePrevalence therious crimetext box for more information. page 22). See appendix table 25 for standard errors. •Comparison year. tDifference with comparison year is significant at the 9596 confidence level. *Difference with comparison year is significant at the 9096 confidence level. aNumber of persons age 12 or older who experienced at least one serious victimization during the year. bPercentage of persons age 12 or older who experienced at least one serious victimization during the year. cExdudes persons of Hispanic origin leg. "white" refers to non-Hispanic whitesand 'black" refers to non•Hispanic blacks). dlndudes Native Hawaiians andOther Pacific Islanders. American Indians and Alaska Natives. and persons of twoor more races. Source Bureau oflustice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2018 and 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 24 3502-022 Page 24 of 53 EFIA_00001570 EFTA00156911 Additional NCVS estimates Additional NCVS victimization or incident estimates are included in tables 23 through 30. TABLE 23 Percent of violent victimizations reported to police, by completed, attempted, and threatened crimes, 2015-2019 Violent crime 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019• Total 463% 43.9% 44.9% 42.6% 40.9% Completed 556* 48.8 504 473 463 Attempted 47.6 42.9 42.5 448 41.8 Threatened 36.6 41.6 43.0 373 36.6 Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding.Violent•aime categories include rape or sexual assault. robbery. aggravated assault. and simple assault See appendix table 26 for standard errors. 'Comparison year. [Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90% confidence level. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2015.2019. TABLE 24 TABLE 25 Number and rate of violent victimizations, by victim's Firearm violence, 2018 and 2019 veteran and citizenship status, 2018 and 2019 2018 2019' 2018 20W Total violent incidentsa 3954090 5,440,680 Victim veteran and Rateper Rate per Firearm incidents 427,730 440,830 citizenship status Number 1,000' Number 1,000' Total violent victimizationsb 6,385320 5813410 Total vioknt victimizationsb 6.385.520 23.2 5,813.410 21.0 Firearm victimizations 470,840 481,950 Veteran statusc Rateof firearm victimization 1.7 1.7 Veterand 378300 20.7 347.370 19.0 Firearm victimizations reported to police Non•veterane 5,115.180 222 4,525.550 193 Number 310310 290,790 Citizenship status Percent of all firearm victimization 65.9% 60.3% U.S. citizen 6,163.570 23.9 5,499.420 212 Note: Includes violent crimes in which the offender possessed. showed. or U.S.-bon citizen( 5.900.190 25.1 5,296,270 224 used a firearm. See appendix table 28 for standard errors. Naturalized US. citizen 263.380 11.6 203,150 8.8 'Comparison year. Non.U.S.citizen 196350 12.5 267,700 17.7 aAn incident is a specific criminal act involving one or more victims. bEach victimization represents one person involved in an incident. U.S.-born( 5,900,190 25.1 5,296,270 224 Statistically significant differences for the total violent victimization Foreign-bomg 459,730 11.9 470.850 123 numbers are presented using the Balanced Repeated Replication method. Generalized variance function parameters were used to calculate Note Details may not sum to totals due to rounding and missing data. See statistically significant differences for the rest of the table. appendix table 27 for standard errors. cRate is per 1.000 persons age 12 or older. See appendix table 34 for 'Comparison year. population numbers. abate is per LOW persons age 12 solder. Source Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. blncludes rape or sexual assault. robbery. aggravated assault. and simple 2018 and 2019. assault Includes threatened. attempted. and completed occurrences of those crimes. Statistically significant differences for the total victimization numbers and rates are presented using the Balanced Repeated Replication method. Generalized variance function parameters were used to calculate statistically significant differences for the rest of the table. 'Includes persons age 18 or older. dVeterans include persons currently or previously on active duty. Because the NCVS is a household•based surrey and active•duty military personnel are more likely to be out of the household at the time of data collection. most veterans in the sample are former active•duty military personnel. 'Non•veterans are persons who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces or who completed training in the Reserves of National Guard only. [Persons born in the U.S.. in a U.S. territory. or abroad to US. parents. 9Naturalized U.S.cibzens or non•U.S. citizens. Source Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2018 and 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 25 3502-022 Page 25 of 53 EFIA_00001571 EFTA00156912 TABLE 26 Percent and number of violent incidents excluding simple assault, by total population and victim and offender demographic characteristics, 2019 Number of Percent of Ratio of percentages violent incidents Percent of violent incidents Offender Offender to Victim to Demographic characteristic Population' Offenderb Victim population" Offenderb Victim to victim poptdation population Total 276272,470 1,871370 1,871370 100% 100% 100% 1.0 1.0 1.0 Sex Male 134293,660 1.467,020 934.150 426% 84.1% t 499% 1.7 1.7 1.0 Female 142.178,810 224300 937220 51.4 12.9 t 50.1 03 03 1.0 Both male and female offenders 52,070 - - 3.0 - Race/ethnicity White 171.423,480 769,430 1,045300 61.9% 47.7% t 55.9% 0.9 0.8 0.9 Blacks 33397,100 399260 225.130 121 2481 120 2.1 2.1 1.0 Hispanics 47290,870 371,010 432,770 173 23.0 t 23.11 1.0 13 13 Asianc 17.401,410 2750! 33200! 6,3 0.5t! 12t! 03 0.1 03 Otherca 6.759,600 48,580 134160 24 3.0 72 t OA 1.2 3.0 Multiple offenders of various racesc 16.680! 1.0! Age lloryoungel - 11,890! - 0.7%! 12-17 24,941,440 214.650 240970 9.0% 13.5 t 12.9% 1.5 1.4 18-29 52,798,870 556,840 608,640 19.1 35.1 t 3231 1.8 1.7 30 or cider 199,132,160 739.660 1,021,760 71.9 46.61 54.6t 0.6 0.8 Multiple offenders of various ages 63.000 4.0 Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding and missing data for offender characteristics.An incident is a specific criminal act involving one or more victims. Offender characteristics are based on victims' perceptions of offenders. See appendix table 29 for standard errors. •Comparison group. (Difference with comparison group is signifxant at the 95%confidence level. !Interpret with caution. Estimate is based on 10 or fewer sample cases or coefficient of variation is greater than 50%. -Not applicable. aThe National Crime Victimization Survey INCVS) population represents persons age 12 or older living in non-institutionalized residential settings in the U.S. blncludes those incidents in which the perceived offender characteristics were reported.The sex of the offender was unknown in 7% of incidents. the race or ethnicity of the offender was unknown in 14% of incidents. and the age of the offender was unknown in 15% of incidents. cExcludes persons of Hispanic origin (e.g., "white" refers to non•Hispanic whites and"black* refers to non•Hispanic blacks). dff the victim perceived any of the offenders in a multiple offender incident to be of Hispanic origin. they are classified as Hispanic elncludes Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders. American Indians and Alaska Natives. and persons of two or more races. fWhile the RCVS does not survey victims age 11 or younger. victims may report the offender to be age 11 or younger. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2019. TABLE 27 Percent of violent incidents excluding simple assault, by victim and offender sex, 2019 Offender sex Number Of Both male Victim sex violent incidents Total Male Female and female Total 1,743,590 100% 84.1% 129% 3.0% Male• 837,110 100% 87.7 9.1 3.3 Female 906,480 100% 80.9 16.41 2.7 Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding. An incident is a specific criminal act involving one or more victims.Offender sex is based on victims perceptions of offenders.Includes those incidents in which the perceived sex of the offender was reported The sex of the offender was unknown in 7% of incidents which is why the number of incidents is only 93%as high as in table 26. See appendix table 30 for standard errors. 'Comparison group. tDifference with comparison group is significant at the 95% confidence level. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. NationalCrimeVictimiubco Survey. 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 26 3502-022 Page 26 of 53 EFTA_00001572 EFTA00156913 TABLE 28 Number of violent Incidents excluding simple assault, by victim and offender race or ethnicity, 2019 Number of Offender race/ethnicity Victim raceiethnidty violent incidents Whitea eladd Hispan Other"' Whitea 937,010 595,770i 127,350 t 181.0401 32.8501 Wade 183,660 17,690 t 143,090° 15.8401! 7,0401! Hispanic 356,470 78,9501 99,070 167.610' 10.850T! Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rouncEng.An incident is a specific criminal act involving one or more victims. Offender race or ethnicity is based on victims' perceptions of offenders. Includes those violent incidents in which the perceived offender race or ethnicity was reported.Offender race or ethnicity was unknovm in 14% of violent incidents excluding simple assault which is why the number of incidents is only 136%as high as in table 26. See appendix table 31 for standard errors. 'Comparison groups are intraracial victim and offender percentages (white•on•white. black-on-black. or Hispanic-on-Hispanic). tDifference with comparison group is significant at the 95%confidence level. !Interpret with caution. Estimate is based on 10 or fewer sample cases, or coefficient of variation is greater than 50%. aExcludes persons of Hispanic origin le.g.."white" refers to non-Hispanic whites and 'black" refers to non-Hispanic blacks). btf the victim perceived any of the offenders in a multiple offender incident to be of Hispanic origin. they are classified as Hispanic 9ncludes Asians. Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders. American Indians and Alaska Natives. and persons of two or more races. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National CrimeVictimization Survey, 2019. TABLE 29 Percent of violent incidents excluding simple assault, by victim and offender race or ethnicity, 2019 Number of Offender race/ethnicity Victim racefethnicity violent incidents Total Whitea Blacka Hispanicb °thetas Mite 937,010 100% 63.6%' 13.6%1 19.3%f 33%T Blade 183.660 100% 9.6 t ! 77.9' 8.6 T! 3.81! Hispanic 356,470 100% 2211 27.8 T 47.0' 3.0 t ! Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rouncEng. An incident is a specific criminal act involving one or more victims. Offender race or ethnicity is based on victims' perceptions of offenders. Includes those violent incidents in which the perceived offender race or ethnicity was reported.Offender race or ethnicity was unknovm in 14% of violent incidents excluding simple assault which is why the number of incidents is only 136%as high as in table 26. See appendix table 32 for standard errors. 'Comparison groups are intraracial victim and offender percentages (white•on•white. black-on-black. or Hispanic-on-Hispanic). tDifference with comparison group is significant at the 95%confidence level. !Interpret with caution. Estimate is based on 10 or fewer sample cases, or coefficient of variation is greater than 50%. aExcludes persons of Hispanic origin le.g.."white" refers to non-Hispanic whites and 'black' refers to non-Hispanic blacks). btf the victim perceived any of the offenders in a multiple offender incident to be of Hispanic origin. they are classified as Hispanic 9ncludes Asians. Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders. American Indians and Alaska Natives, and persons of two or more races. Source: Bureau ofJustice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey, 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 27 3502-022 Page 27 of 53 EFTA_00001573 EFTA00156914 TABLE 30 Percent of violent incidents excluding simple assault and percent of the U.S. population, by victim and offender race or ethnicity, 2019 Ratio of percentages Percent of violent incidents Offender of same Offender of another committed by offenders Percent of the U.S. populations race/ethnicity to ra<efethnicity to Victim race/ Of the same Of another Of the same Of another population of game population of another ethnicity Total racefethnkity race/ethnicity Total racefethnkity race/ethnidtt race/ethnicity race/ethnicityc Whited 100% 63.6% 36.4% 100% 61.9% 38.1% 1.0 1.0 Bid 100% 77.9 t 22.1 100% 12.1 87.9 6S 03 Hispanic 100% 47.0 t 53.0 100% 173 82.7 2.7 0.6 Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rouncEng.An incident is a specific criminal act involving one or more victims. Offender race or ethnicity is based on victims perceptions of offenders.Includes those violent incidents in which the perceived offender race or ethnkity was reported. Offender race or ethnicity was unknown in 14% of violent incidents excluding simple assault See appendix table 33 for standard errors. 'Comparisons are between the percentage of the US. population of the same race or ethnicity and the percentage of violent incidents committed by offenders of the same race or ethnicity. and between the percentage of the US. population of another race or ethnicity and the percentage of violent incidents committed by offenders of another race or ethnicity. tDifference with comparison group is significant at the 9S%confidence level. aThe National Crime Victimization Survey population represents persons age 12 or older living in noAinstitutionalized residential settings in the U.S. tribe percentage of incidents committed by offenders of the same race or ethnicity of the victim divided by the percentage of the U.S. population of the same race or ethnicity. cThe percentage of incidents committed by offenders of another race or ethnicity divided by the percentage of the US. population of another race or ethnicity. dExcludes persons of Hispanic origin (e.g., "white' refers to non4lispanic whites and "black" refers to non4fispanic blacks). Source: Bureau ofJustice Statistics. National CrimeVictimization Survey, 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 28 3502-022 Page 28 of 53 EFIA_00001574 EFTA00156915 trespassing), is typically collected from the reference Methodology person. The reference person is any responsible adult member of the household who is not likely to Survey coverage permanently leave the household. Because an owner or The Bureau of Justice Statistics National Crime renter of the sampled housing unit is normally the most Victimization Survey (NCVS) is an annual data responsible and knowledgeable household member, this collection carried out by the U.S. Census Bureau. The person is generally designated as the reference person NCVS is a self-reported survey that is administered and household respondent. However, a household annually from January 1 to December 31. Annual NCVS respondent does not have to be one of the household estimates are based on the number and characteristics members who owns or rents the unit. of crimes respondents experienced during the prior 6 In the NCVS, a household is defined as a group of months, not including the month in which they were persons who all reside at a sampled address. Persons interviewed. Therefore, the 2019 survey covers crimes are considered household members when the sampled experienced from July 1, 2018 to November 30, 2019, address is their usual place of residence at the time of and March 15, 2019 is the middle of the reference period. the interview and when they have no primary place of Crimes are classified by the year of the survey and not by residence elsewhere. Once selected, households remain the year of the crime. in the sample for 31/2 years, and eligible persons in these The NCVS is administered to persons age 12 or households are interviewed every 6 months, either in older from a nationally representative sample of U.S. person or over the phone, for a total of seven interviews. households. It collects information on nonfatal personal First interviews are typically conducted in person, with crimes (rape or sexual assault, robbery, aggravated and subsequent interviews conducted either in person or simple assault, and personal larceny (purse-snatching by phone. New households rotate into the sample on and pick-pocketing) and household property crimes an ongoing basis to replace outgoing households that (burglary/trespassing, motor-vehide theft, and other have been in the sample for the full 31/2 -year period. types of theft). The survey collects information on The sample includes persons living in group quarters, threatened, attempted, and completed crimes. It collects such as dormitories, rooming houses, and religious- data both on crimes reported and not reported to group dwellings, and excludes persons living on military police. Unless specified otherwise, estimates in this bases or in institutional settings such as correctional or report include threatened, attempted, and completed hospital facilities. crimes. In addition to providing annual level and change estimates on criminal victimization, the NCVS is the Measurement of crime in the National Crime primary source of information on the nature of criminal Victimization Survey victimization incidents. BJS presents data from the NCVS on victimization, Survey respondents provide information about incident, and prevalence rates. Victimization rates themselves (including age, sex, race, ethnicity, marital measure the extent to which violent and property status, educational level, and income) and whether they victimizations occur in a specified population during experienced a victimization. For each victimization a specified time. Victimization numbers show the incident, respondents report information about the total number of times that people or households are offender (including age, sex, race, ethnicity, and victim- victimized by crime. For crimes affecting persons, NCVS offender relationship), characteristics of the crime victimization rates are estimated by dividing the number (including time and place of occurrence, use of weapons, of victimizations that occur during a specified time (T) nature of injury, and economic consequences), whether by the population at risk for those victimizations and the crime was reported to police, reasons the crime was multiplying the rate by 1,000. or was not reported, and experiences with the criminal justice system. Number of victimizations experienced Household information, including household-level by a specified population r Victimization rate - x1.0O0 demographics (e.g., income) and property victimizations Number of unique persons committed against the household (e.g., burglary/ for households) in the specified population r CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 29 3502-022 Page 29 of 53 EFIA_00001575 EFTA00156916 For victimization rates, each victimization represents Number of unique victims one person (for personal crimes) or one household (or victimized households) in a specified population a (for property crimes) affected by a crime Every Prevalence rateT - x100 victimization experienced by a person or household Number of unique persons (or households) In the during the year is counted. For example, if one person specified population, experiences two violent crimes during the year, both are counted in the victimization rate. If one household Prevalence rates are presented in figures I and 2, and experiences two property crimes, both are counted in the tables 18 through 22 in this report. Prevalence rates victimization rate. Victimization estimates are presented for property crimes can be produced at the household in figure 3, tables 1 through 10, table 12, and tables 23 or person levels by adjusting the numerators and through 25 in this report. denominators to reflect households or persons. Table 20 presents property-crime prevalence rates at the Incident rates are another measure of crime. The number household level, and table 21 presents serious property- of incidents is the number of specific criminal acts crime prevalence rates at the personal level. involving one or more victims. If every victimization had one victim, the number of incidents would be the For more information about measuring prevalence in the same as the number of victimizations. If there was more NCVS, see Measuring the Prevalence of Crime with the than one victim, the incident estimate is adjusted to National Crime Victimization Survey (NCJ 241656, BJS, compensate for the possibility that the incident could be September 2013). reported several times by multiple victims and thus be over-counted. For example, if two people were robbed Non-response and weighting adjustments during the same incident, this crime would be counted as The 2019 NCVS data file includes 155,076 household one incident and two victimizations. Incident estimates interviews. Overall, 71% of eligible households are presented in tables 13 through 17, and tables 25 completed interviews. Within participating households, through 30 in this report. interviews with 249,008 persons were completed in A third measure, reflecting a population's risk of 2019, representing an 83% response rate among eligible experiencing one or more criminal victimizations, is persons from responding households. prevalence rates. Like victimization rates, prevalence Victimization that occurred outside of the U.S. were rates describe the level of victimization, but the latter are excluded from this report. In 2019, about 1% of the based on the number of unique persons or households unweighted victimizations occurred outside of the U.S. in the population experiencing at least one victimization during a specified time. The key distinction between NCVS data are weighted to produce annual estimates a victimization and prevalence rate is whether the of victimization for persons age 12 or older living in numerator consists of the number of victimizations or U.S. households. Because the NCVS relies on a sample the number of unique victims. For example, a person rather than a census of the entire U.S. population, who experienced two robberies within the past year weights are designed to adjust to known population would be counted twice in the victimization rate but totals and to compensate for survey non-response and only once in the prevalence rate. Prevalence rates are other aspects of the complex sample design. estimated by dividing the number of unique victims or victimized households in the specified population by the NCVS data files include person, household, total number of persons or households in the population victimization, and incident weights. Person weights and multiplying the rate by 100, yielding the percentage provide an estimate of the population represented by of the population victimized at least once in a period. each person in the sample. Household weights provide an estimate of the household population represented by 71n the NCVS. personal crimes are personal larceny (purse-snatching each household in the sample. After proper adjustment, and pick-pocketing) and violent victimization (rape or sexual both person and household weights are also typically assault. robbery. aggravated assault, and simple assault). Homicide is used to form the denominator in calculations of not included because the NCVS is based on interviews with victims. Property crimes are burglary, residential trespassing, motor-vehicle crime rates. For personal crimes, the incident weight theft. and other theft. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 30 3502-022 Page 30 of 53 EFIA_00001576 EFTA00156917 is derived by dividing the person weight of a victim Due to this new adjustment, the 2017 NCVS estimate by the total number of persons victimized during an for the number of households was about 8% lower than incident, as reported by the respondent. For property the 2016 NCVS estimate. As a result, the estimate of crimes measured at the household level, the incident the number of households affected by property crime weight and the household weight are the same, because was also about 8% lower. When making comparisons the victim of a property crime is considered to be the of property crime at the household level between 2017 household as a whole. The incident weight is most and prior years, compare victimization or prevalence frequently used to calculate estimates of offenders and rates. Rates are unaffected by this change in weighting victims' demographics. methodology because both the numerator and denominator are equally affected. Comparisons of the Victimization weights used in this report account for number of households that were victimized between the number of persons victimized during an incident 2017 and prior years are inappropriate due to this change and for high-frequency repeat-victimintions (i.e., in weighting methodology. Property crime measured at series victimizations). Series victimizations are similar the person level is unaffected by the change (as presented in type to one another but occur with such frequency in measures of serious crime). For more information that a victim is unable to recall each individual event or on weighting in the NCVS, see the Non-response and describe each event in detail. Survey procedures allow weighting adjustments section in this methodology and NCVS interviewers to identify and classify these similar National Crime Victimization Survey, 2016 Technical victimizations as series victimizations and to collect Documentation (NCJ 251442, BJS, December 2017). detailed information on only the most recent incident in the series. Changes to the classification of urban, suburban, and The weighting counts series victimizations as the actual rural areas number of victimizations reported by the victim, Beginning in 2019, the NCVS employed a new method up to a maximum of 10. Doing so produces more for classifying geographical areas (see Classification of reliable estimates of crime levels than counting such urban, suburban, and rural areas in the National Crime victimizations only once, while the cap at 10 minimizes Victimization Survey on pp. 12.15). All census blocks the effect of extreme outliers on rates. According to the not in urbanized areas or urbanized clusters, as defined 2019 data, series victimizations accounted for 1.4% of by the Census Bureau, are classified as rural, consistent all victimizations and 3.1% of all violent victimizations. with the Census Bureau's definition of rural. Census Additional information on the enumeration of series blocks within cities or Census-designated places that victimizations is detailed in the report Methodsfor meet certain criteria based on population and density are CountingHigh-Frequency Repeat Victimizations in the classified as urban (see appendix table 36), while all other National Crime Victimization Survey (NCJ 237308, BJS, census blocks in urbanized areas or urban clusters are April 2012). classified as suburban. Changes to the household weighting adjustment Classifications of urban places are based on population in 2017 size, weighted housing-unit density, and the Census Bureau's designations of urbanized areas and urban The 2017 NCVS weights included a new adjustment clusters, using data from the 2010 Census. Housing-unit that modified household weights to reflect independent density is the number of housing units per square mile in housing-unit totals available internally at the U.S. a given area. Weighted housing-unit density, under BJS's Census Bureau. This new adjustment was applied only approach, is the weighted average of the housing-unit to household weights for housing units and does not densities for all census tracts in an area, with the tracts affect person weights. Historically, the household weights weighted by their number of housing units. Housing-unit were adjusted to reflect independent totals for the person addresses are converted into geographical coordinates population. This new weighting adjustment improves on through a process called geocoding. Housing units that the prior one and better aligns the number of estimated cannot be geocoded are imputed. For more information households in the NCVS with other Census household- on imputation procedures, see National Crime survey estimates. Victimization Survey 2016 Technical Documentation (NCJ 251442, BJS, December 2017). CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 31 3502-022 Page 31 of 53 EFIA_00001577 EFTA00156918 Table 31 shows the 2019 U.S. resident population for TABLE 31 those age 12 or older and the number of households in Population and number of households, by old and new each category (urban, suburban, rural) under both the definition of location of residence, 2019 new and historical classifications. About one-third of the Old definition New definition U.S. resident population age 12 or older were classified as Location of residence Number Percent Number Percent residing in an urban area under the historical definition, Total U.S. resident compared to about one-eighth under the new definition. population age 12 The percentage of the resident population classified as or older 276,900,000 100% 276,900,000 100% Urban 92,450,000 33 33,910,000 12 residing in a suburban area shifted from 53% to 69%, Suburban 146,700,000 53 190,800,000 69 while the percentage classified as rural shifted from 14% Rural 37,720,000 14 52,160000 19 to 19%. Similar shifts in the number of households were observed under the new classification. Numbed households 126,400,000 100% 126,40000 100% Urban 43,770,000 35 15,900,000 13 Standard error computations Suburban 65,000,000 SI 87,410000 69 Rural 17,660000 14 23.130400 18 When national estimates are derived from a sample, as Note Details may not sum to totals due to rounding. with the NCVS, caution must be used when comparing Source:Bureau of Justice Statistic. National Crime Victimization Survey. one estimate to another or when comparing estimates 2019: and 2010 Census of Population and Housing and 2013 OMB Metropolitan Statistical Area designations. over time. Although one estimate may be larger than another, estimates based on a sample have some degree of sampling error. The sampling error of an estimate depends on several factors, including the amount of variation in the responses and the size of the sample. When the sampling error around an estimate is taken into account, estimates that appear different may not be statistically significant. One measure of the sampling error associated with an estimate is the standard error. The standard error may vary from one estimate to the next. Generally, an estimate with a smaller standard error provides a more reliable approximation of the true value than an estimate with a larger standard error. Estimates with relatively large standard errors have less precision and reliability and should be interpreted with caution. For complex sample designs, there are several methods that can be used to generate standard errors around a point estimate (e.g., numbers, percentages, and rates). In this report, generalized variance function (GVF) parameters and direct-variance estimation were used for variance estimation. Parameters are produced for GVFs that compute the variance of any crime estimate based on the value of that crime estimate. The GVF parameters are generated by fitting estimates and their relative variance to a regression model, using an iterative weighted least-squares procedure where the weight is the inverse of the square of the predicted relative variance. Compared to GVFs, direct-variance estimation is generally considered more accurate in approximating the true variance. In an effort to improve the quality and accurancy of NCVS estimates, BJS used direct-variance estimation instead of GVFs for tables 1 CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 32 3502-022 Page 32 of 53 EFIA_00001578 EFTA00156919 and 2 (and for totals in tables 4, 9, 24, and 25 that are also TABLE 32 presented in tables I and 2, and statistics in table 12 that Significant differences in the rate of victimization, are based on the new classification of urban, suburban, by variance-estimation method and type of crime, and rural areas). 2014-2017 versus 2018 To generate standard errors around the victimization 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018• estimates found in tables 1 and 2 (and totals in tables 4, 9, Type of crime GVF BRR GVF BRR GVF BRR GVF BRR GVF BRR Violent crime 3 t t 1 1 t — — 24, and 25, and statistics in table 12 that are based on the Rape/sexual assault t t t t t t t t — — new classification of urban, suburban, and rural areas), Robbery BJS used a specialized version of Balanced Repeated Assault t t Replication (BRR) estimation using Fay's method.8 Aggravated assault t BRR estimation is a type of direct-replication-variance Simple assault t 1 t estimation. Under replicate-variance-estimation, a set Violent crime excluding simple assault t t t of replicate weights (e.g., the NCVS typically has a set consisting of 160 replicate weights) is used to capture the Property crime I 1 t t sampling variance. Fay's method is utilized for surveys Burglary/trespassing t t that have rare outcomes in which the entire sample is Burglary t t necessary to properly estimate the variance. The standard Trespassing error estimates for tables 1 and 2 (and totals in tables 4, Motor-vehicle theft 9, 24, and 25), estimated using ERR, differ from those Other theft t 1 previously reported in prior Criminal Victimization Note:In this report, standard error estimates for tables 1 and 2 were bulletins, which used GVF parameters. Year-to-year computed using Balanced Repeated Replication. while estimates reported in prior Criminal Victimization bulletins used generalized•variance function statistically significant differences may also vary from parameters.Year•toyear statistically significant differences vary by method those previously reported. See table 32 for comparisons in somecases. as shown in this table. of significance testing between the two methods for 2014, 'Comparison year. tDifference with comparison year is significant at the 95% 2015, 2016, and 2017 compared to 2018, as previously confidence level. reported in Criminal Victimization, 2018 (NCJ 253043, *Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90% BJS, September 2019). confidence level. -Not applicable as 2018 is the comparison year. The U.S. Census Bureau produces GVF parameters Source Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2014-2018. for BJS, which account for aspects of the NCVS's complex sample design and represent the curve fitted to a selection of individual standard errors, using a To generate standard errors around prevalence estimates, specialized version of BRR based on Fay's method. GVFs BJS used BRR and Taylor Series Linearization (TSL) express the variance as a function of the expected value methods. The TSL method directly estimates variances of the survey estimate.9 For more information on GVFs, through a linearized function by combining variance see National Crime Victimization Survey, 2016 Technical estimates from the stratum and primary sampling units Documentation (NCJ 251442, BJS, December 2017). (PSUs) used to sample households and persons.18 In Besides tables 1and 2 (and totals in tables 4, 9, 24, and the NCVS, the design parameters used for computing 25, and statistics in table 12 that are based on the new TSL variances are PSUEDOSTRATA (stratum) and dassification of urban, suburban, and rural areas), all HALFSAMPLE (PSU).These design parameters are standard errors for victimization and incident estimates available for all years except the first half of 1993 and in this report were generated using GVFs. all of 2016; therefore, ERR methods were used for 2016 prevalence estimates. sFay. R. E. (1989). Teory and Application ofReplicate Weighting for Direct-variance estimation—BRR and TSL—is generally Variance Calculations. In Proceedings ofthe Survey Research Methods Section, American Statistical Association, 212-217. considered more accurate, in terms ofhow closely the 9Wolter. K. M. (1984). An Investigation of Some Estimators of variance estimate approximates the true variance, than Variance (or Systematic Sampling. Journalof the American Statistical GVFs. With direct-variance estimation, each estimate is Association 79.781-790. generated based on the outcome being estimated rather 10Woodruff, R. S. (1971). A Simple Method for Approximating than being generated based on a generalized function. the Variance ofa Complicated Estimate. Journal of the American Statistical Association 66.411-414. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 33 3502-022 Page 33 of 53 EFIA_00001579 EFTA00156920 BJS conducted statistical tests to determine whether changes resulted in a historically large number of new differences in estimated numbers, percentages, and households and first-time interviews in the first half of rates in this report were statistically significant once 2016 and produced challenges in comparing 2016 results sampling error was taken into account. Using statistical to prior data years. analysis programs developed specifically for the NCVS, all comparisons in the text were tested for significance. Working with the U.S. Census Bureau, BJS subsequently The primary test procedure was the Student's t-statistic, devised the methodology that was used to create the which tests the difference between two sample estimates. revised 2016 NCVS data file. The result was revised Findings described in this report as increases or criminal victimization estimates that were nationally decreases passed a test at either the 0.05 level (95% representative for 2016 and could be compared with confidence level) or 0.10 level (90% confidence level) of prior and future years. See National Crime Victimization significance. Figures and tables in this report should be Survey revised 2016 estimates text box (pp. 3.4) and referenced for testing on specific findings. Methodology (pp. 15-18) in Criminal Victimization, 2016: Revised (NCJ 252121, BJS, October 2018), for more Estimates and standard errors of the estimates provided information. in this report may be used to generate a confidence interval around the estimate as a measure of the margin NCVS measurement of rape or sexual assault of error. The following example illustrates how standard errors may be used to generate confidence intervals: The NCVS uses a two-stage measurement approach in the screening and classification of criminal victimization, Based on the 2019 NCVS, the rate of violent including rape or sexual assault. In the first stage of victimization reported to police, excluding simple screening, survey respondents are administered a series assault, in 2019 was 3.4 victimizations per 1,000 of short-cue screening questions designed to help persons age 12 or older (see appendix table 3). respondents think about different experiences they may Using the GVFs, BJS determined that the estimated have had during the reference period. (See NCVS-1 at victimization rate has a standard error of 0.38 (see https://www.bjs.govicontenUpub/pdfincvs15_bsq.pdf) appendix table 3). A confidence interval around the estimate is generated by multiplying the standard This design improves respondents' recall of events, error by ±1.96 (the t-score of a normal, two-tailed particularly for incidents that may not immediately come distribution that excludes 2.5% at either end of the to mind as crimes, such as those committed by family distribution). Therefore, the 95% confidence interval members and acquaintances. Respondents who answer around the 3.4 estimate from 2019 is 3.4 ± (0.38 x affirmatively to any of the short-cue screening items are 1.96) or (2.63 to 4.13). In other words, if BJS used the subsequently administered a crime incident report (OR) same sampling method to select different samples designed to classify incidents into specific crime types. and computed an interval estimate for each sample, (See NCVS-2 at https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/ it would expect the true population parameter (rate ncvsl5_cir.pdf) of violent victimization) to fall within the interval First stage of measurement. Two short-cue estimates 95% of the time. screening questions are specifically designed to target For this report, BJS also calculated a coefficient of sexual victimization: variation (CV) for all estimates, representing the ratio 1. Other than any incidents already mentioned, of the standard error to the estimate. CVs (not shown has anyone attacked or threatened you in any of in tables) provide another measure of reliability and a these ways— means for comparing the precision of estimates across measures with differing levels or metrics. a. with any weapon, such as a gun or knife b. with anything like a baseball bat, frying pan, Revised 2016 data file scissors, or stick For 2016, BJS greatly increased the NCVS sample size to c. by something thrown, such as a rock or bottle facilitate the ability to produce state-level victimization d. by grabbing, punching, or choking estimates for the 22 most populous states. At the same time, the sample was adjusted to reflect the U.S. e. any rape, attempted rape, or other types of population counts in the 2010 decennial census. These sexual attack CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 34 3502-022 Page 34 of 53 EFIA_00001580 EFTA00156921 f. any face-to-face threats Classification of rape and sexual assault in the National g. any attack or threat or use of force by anyone at Crime Victimization Survey all? Please mention it even if you are not certain Measure Element of sexual violence it was a crime. Completed rape Type of attack = rape Type of injury = rape 2. Incidents involving forced or unwanted sexual acts are Attempted rape Type of attack = attempted rape often difficult to talk about. Other than any incidents Type of injury = attempted rape already mentioned, have you been forced or coerced to Type of threat = verbal threat of rapewith weapon engage in unwanted sexual activity by— Threatened rape Type of attempted attack/threat = verbal threat of rape Sexual assault Type of attack = sexual assault other than rape or a. someone you did not know attempted rape Type of injury = sexual assault other than rape or b. a casual acquaintance attempted rape c. someone you know well? Type of attempted attack/threat = unwanted sexual contact with force Respondents may screen into a CIR if they respond Type of attempted attadc/threat = unwanted sexual contact without force affirmatively to another short-cue screening question. Type of attempted anade/threat = verbal threat of For instance, a separate screening question cues sexual assault other than rape respondents to think of attacks or threats that took Note: Victim is determined to be present in all measures of rape and place in specific locations, such as at home, work, or sexual assault. school. Respondents who recall a sexual victimization Source: Bureau of Justice Statistic. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2019. that occurred at home, work, or school and answer affirmatively would be administered a CIR even if they victim of rape or sexual assault if the injuries suffered as a did not respond affirmatively to the screening question result of the incident are described as— targeting sexual victimization. ■ rape Second stage of measurement. The OR is used to collect information on the attributes of each incident. The key ■ attempted rape attributes of sexual violence that are used to classify a ■ sexual assault other than rape or attempted rape. victimization as a rape or sexual assault are the type of attack and physical injury suffered. Victims are asked if Coercion. The CIR does not ask respondents if "the offender hit you, knockled I you down, or actually psychological coercion was used, nor make any explicit attackledl you in any way"; if "the offender TRIIEDI reference to the victim being unable to provide consent to attack you"; or if "the offender THREATENIEDI (e.g., in incidents involving drugs or alcohol use). One screening question targeted to rape and sexual assault you with harm in any way?" The survey participant is asks respondents if force or coercion was used to initiate classified as a victim of rape or sexual assault if he or she unwanted sexual activity. responds affirmatively to one of these three questions and then responds that the completed, attempted, or The final classification of incidents by the OR results in threatened attack was— the following definitions of rape and sexual assault used in the NCVS: ■ rape Rape. Coerced or forced sexual intercourse. Forced ■ attempted rape sexual intercourse means vaginal, anal, or oral ■ sexual assault other than rape or attempted rape penetration by the offender(s). This category could include incidents where the penetration was from a ■ verbal threat of rape foreign object such as a bottle. It includes attempted ■ verbal threat of sexual assault other than rape rape, threatened rape, male and female victims, and both heterosexual and same-sex incidents. ■ unwanted sexual contact with force (e.g., grabbing or fondling) Sexual assault. A wide range of victimization, separate ■ unwanted sexual contact without force (e.g., grabbing from rape, attempted rape, or threatened rape. These or fondling). crimes include attacks or threatened attacks involving unwanted sexual contact between the victim and If the victim selects one of the following response options offender. Sexual assaults may or may not involve force to describe the attack, he or she is also classified as a and include such things as grabbing or fondling. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 35 3502-022 Page 35 of 53 EFIA_00001581 EFTA00156922 APPENDIX TABLE 1 Estimates and standard errors for figure 1: Percent of U.S. residents age 12 or older who were victims of violent crime excluding simple assault, 1993-2019 Percent of persons Number of persons 95% confidence interval Year Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error Lower bound Upper bound 1993 2,654,090 50,781 1.26% 0.023% 1.213% 1.305% 1994 2,965,900 90291 1.39 0.040 1.315 1.472 1995 2,514,400 83,061 1.17 0.036 1.101 1.242 1996 2,278,270 82.498 1.05 0.035 0.981 1.121 1997 2,306,400 100289 1.05 0.040 0.972 1.132 1998 2,022,980 104,905 0.91 0.043 0.830 1.002 1999 1,821,830 70205 Oil 0.032 0.751 0.876 2000 1,622,850 82.634 0.72 0.035 0.650 0.787 2001 1,448,910 76385 0.63 0.032 0.571 0.699 2002 1,222,940 61350 053 0.025 0.481 0.580 2003 1,277,400 67957 053 0.025 0.486 0.586 2004 1,276,560 77.171 053 0.031 0.471 0.592 2005 1,238,410 70,482 051 0.027 0.455 0563 2006 2007 1,210,660 69.266 0.48 0.028 0.431 0542 2008 1,210,980 64,122 0.48 0.026 0.431 0534 2009 1,107,630 63,144 0.44 0.024 0.391 0.486 2010 1094280 74,952 0.43 0.029 0.374 0.488 2011 1,205460 60,858 0.47 0.022 0.427 0313 2012 1,271,770 74,512 0.49 0.027 0.434 0542 2013 1,145,350 56,413 043 0.021 0.394 0.476 2014 1,235,290 66223 0.46 0.025 0.417 0.515 2015 1,099,400 60,817 0.41 0.023 0.365 0.455 2016 1,123,190 78.887 0.41 0.029 0.356 0.469 2017 1,225,800 57,738 0.45 0.021 0.410 0.493 2018 1,367,270 65,626 0.50 0.023 0.453 0545 2019 1,216.400 59.953 0.44 0.021 0.399 0.483 -Estimates for 2006 should not be compared to other years and are excluded from this table. See [Amend Victimization, 2007 (NO 224390, BJS, December 2008) for more information on changes to the 2006 National Crime Victimization Survey. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistic. National Crime Victimization Survey. 1993.2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 1 SEPTEMBER 2020 36 3502-022 Page 36 of 53 EFIA_00001582 EFTA00156923 APPENDIX TABLE 2 Estimates and standard errors for figure 2: Percent of U.S. households who were victims of burglary, 1993-2019 Percent of households Number of households 95% confidence interval Year Estimate Standarderror Estimate Standard error Lower bound Upper bound 1993 1,282.240 47,291 2.57% 0.087% 2.406% 2.748% 1994 2,908.560 82,550 2.89 0.074 2.749 3.042 1995 2,699.990 90,709 2.66 0.082 2.503 2.827 1996 2,516,680 82,560 2.45 0.073 2.311 2.598 1997 2,491,980 99,083 2.40 0.078 2.247 2555 1998 2,236,960 88,836 2.12 0.070 1.990 2.267 1999 1,984,120 86,325 1.85 0.073 1.714 2.000 2000 1,901,640 83,087 1.76 0.070 1.622 1.899 2001 1,782,480 80,301 1.63 0.062 1.509 1.753 2002 1,787,400 74,716 1.62 0.062 1.503 1.746 2003 1,953,040 86,638 1.71 0.070 1.578 1.856 2004 1,895,120 84,424 1.64 0.071 1.502 1.784 2005 1,982,230 97,844 1.69 0.080 1541 1.859 2006 - - - - - 2007 1,737,940 75,913 1AS 0.060 1.340 1578 2008 1,694,440 76,960 1.40 0.061 1.284 1524 2009 1,809,050 84159 1.48 0.066 1.353 1.616 2010 1,775,970 72,335 1AS 0.057 1.338 1361 2011 1,797,370 74,809 1.46 0.055 1356 1374 2012 1,976,440 82,245 157 0.065 1.446 1.703 2013 1,775,400 79,872 139 0.061 1.276 1.517 2014 1,638,920 66,013 1.27 0.051 1.169 1.371 2015 1,562,130 74,217 1.18 0.055 1.080 1.297 2016 1,455,720 57,417 1.09 0.043 1.007 1.176 2017 1,273,410 58,760 1.03 0.047 0.947 1.131 2018 1,333,600 58,052 1.07 0.046 0.982 1163 2019 1,040,730 50,120 0.82 0.039 0.750 0.903 -Estimates for 2006 should not be compared to other years and are excluded from this table. See Criminal Victimization, 2007 (NCI 224390, IDS. December 2008) for more information on changes to the 2006 National Crime Victimization Survey. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 1993.2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 37 3502-022 Page 37 of 53 EFIA_00001583 EFTA00156924 APPENDIX TABLE 3 Estimates and standard errors for figure 3: Rate of violent victimization excluding simple assault and rate of violent victimization reported to police, excluding simple assault, 1993-2019 Violent victimizations,excluding simple assault Violent victimizations reported to poke, excluding simple assault Rate per 1,000 Rate per 1,000 persons age 12 95% confidence interval age 12 %%confidence interval Year or older Standard enor Lower bound Upper bound or older Standard error Lower bound Upper bound 1993 29.1 157 26.00 32.15 14.9 1.17 1238 17.1S 1994 27.0 135 2439 29.68 114 092 11.64 15.23 1995 224 114 20.12 2439 11.1 0.82 933 12.77 19% 212 116 1934 2430 10.1 0.84 8.45 11.75 1997 21.1 139 1838 23.81 113 1.01 930 114S 1998 16.6 1.16 1432 18.85 9.1 083 730 10.74 1999 15.9 1.13 13.69 18.12 30 029 6.48 9.56 2000 124 093 10.60 14.24 6.4 0.68 5.11 7.78 2001 11.0 0.79 9.47 1239 63 0.61 5.15 7.54 2002 10.0 0.92 8.16 1126 6.4 073 5.02 7.88 2003 10.0 078 8.49 1133 5.8 0.62 4.62 7.07 2004 95 0.67 8.16 1080 6.0 056 4.86 7.05 2005 91 0.76 7.74 1023 5.4 059 4.29 6.61 2006 -- - - -- - - -- -- 2007 9.0 0.72 7.55 1037 5.0 058 3.88 6.16 2008 7.9 0.74 6.47 938 4.4 054 338 5.51 2009 7.8 0.64 651 9.00 3.8 054 2.79 4.89 2010 6.6 0.68 5.29 7.95 3.8 052 2.79 4.81 2011 71 0.63 5.96 8.44 4.4 051 3.41 5.41 2012 8.0 038 6,81 9.10 43 OAS 3.44 5.22 2013 73 0.72 5.92 826 4.5 059 333 5.62 2014 7.7 0.65 639 8.92 43 050 3.29 5.24 2015 61 0.60 5.61 7.95 3.7 0.47 230 4.6S 2016 6.6 0.47 5.68 753 33 037 2.78 4.23 2017 73 033 6,30 839 3.8 039 3.02 4.53 2018 8.6 0.66 730 9.89 43 0.46 339 5.19 2019 73 037 616 838 3.4 038 2.63 4.13 --Estimates for 2006 should not be compared to other years and are excluded from this table. See Criminal Victimization, 2007 (NO 224390. IDS, December 2008) for more information on changes to the 2006 National Crime Victimization Survey. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistic. National Crime Victimization Survey, 1993-2019. APPENDIX TABLE 4 Estimates for figure 5: Location of residence classification, by source of classification AHS respondent dassification New 'ICUS definleon Old NUS definition Location of residence Urban Suburban Rural Urban Suburban Rural Urban Suburban Rural Biggest principal city of MSA 58% 40% 2% 43% 56% 1% 100% 0% 0% Other principal city of MSA 31 67 2 11 88 1 10) 0 0 In MSA but not vincipal city 14 64 22 2 79 19 0 100 0 In micropolitan area 20 29 52 0 52 48 0 0 100 Outside of metro/miao area 13 17 70 0 25 75 0 0 100 Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2019; Housing and Urban Development American Housing Survey. 2017: and 2010 Census of Population and Housing and 2013 OMBMetropolitan Statbtical Area designations. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 38 3502-022 Page 38 of 53 EFIA_00001584 EFTA00156925 APPENDIX TABLE 5 Standard errors for table 1: Number and rate of violent victimizations, by type of crime, 2015-2019 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Rate per Rate per Rate per Rate per Type of violent crime Number 1,000 Number 1,000 Number 1,000 Number 1, 000 Number 1,000 Violent crime 301,600 1.12 244,399 0.90 252,760 0.93 343,745 1.25 295,287 1.07 Rape/sexual assault 79,793 030 54,696 0.20 63,031 0/3 76,473 0.28 70,656 0.26 Robbery 70,612 0/6 45,806 0.17 71,490 0/6 61285 0.22 61,708 0.22 Assault 253,031 0.94 226,970 0.83 228,155 0.84 317,637 1.15 264,712 0.96 Aggravated assault 76,662 0.28 83,790 0.31 73,874 0/7 69,272 0.25 87,553 0.32 Simple assault 241,182 029 198,828 0.73 215,126 0.79 316,022 1.15 246,234 0.89 Violent crime excluding simple assault 145,446 054 107,838 0.40 118,460 0.44 126,295 0.46_ 128,935 0.47 Note: Standard errors were calculated using the Balanced Repeated Replication method of direct estimation. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2015.2019. APPENDIX TABLE 6 Standard errors for table 2: Number and rate of property victimizations, by type of crime, 2015-2019 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Rate per Rate per Rate per Rate per Rate per Type ofproperty crime Number 1,000 Number 1,000 Number 1,000 Number 1,000 Number 1,000 Total 382.579 2.96 367,255 222 247,507 1.97 246.035 1.90 256,412 1.96 Burglary/trespassing 119.068 0.92 131,523 0.98 107,144 028 111.336 0.89 96,471 0.76 Burglary 96.424 0.74 115.021 0.86 79,260 0.65 93332 0.75 86,822 0.68 Trespassing 63.906 0.49 72,874 0.54 61,171 030 43,738 035 51,388 0.40 Motor vehicle theft 54.762 0.41 61.985 0.47 38,067 031 40,105 032 42,872 0.34 Other theft 309.048 2.38 291.599 2.17 199.547 138 202,949 136 221,561 1.70 Note: Standard errors were calculated using the Balanced Repeated Replication method of direct estimation. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistic. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2015-2019. APPENDIXTABLE 7 Standard errors for table 3: Number and rate of violent victimizations, by selected characteristics of violent crime, 2018 and 2019 2018 2019 Rateper Selected characteristics of violent crime Number R 1,aCHIelf er Number 1, Domestic violence 137,389 050 122.641 0.44 Intimate partner violence 100,436 036 86,483 0.31 Stranger violence 212,208 037 192.610 0.70 Violent crime invoking injury 145,604 053 129,796 047 Violent crane involving a weapon 137,150 050 119,364 043 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2018 and 2019. APPENDIX TABLE 8 Standard errors for table 4: Rate of completed, attempted, and threatened violent victimizations, 2015-2019 Violent victimizations 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 TotaP 112 0.90 0.93 1.25 1.07 Completed 055 0.40 0.45 037 0.47 Attempted 058 0.44 031 038 055 Threatened 056 055 037 0.69 0.63 aStandard errors for the total victimization rates were calculated using the Balanced Repeated Replication method of direct estimation. Generalized variance function parameters were used to cakulate standard errors for the rest of the table. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2015.2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 39 3502-022 Page 39 of 53 EFIA_00001585 EFTA00156926 APPENDIX TABLE 9 Standard errors for table 5: Rates of crime reported to police in the Uniform Crime Reporting program and in the National Crime Victimization Survey, 2018 and 2019 Rate per 1,000 persons age 12 or older Type of crime 2018 NCVS 2019 NCVS Violent crime excluding simple assault 0.460 0382 Murder Rape/sexual assault 0.130 0.117 Robbery 0.200 0.158 Aggravated assault 0300 0.261 Rate per 1,000 households 2018 NCVS 2019 NCVS Property crime 1.110 1.111 Burglary' 0.444 0.422 Motor-vehicle theft 0300 0.292 -Not applicable. aStandard errors differ from those previously published in the Criminal Victimization. 2078 report because a coding error that affected the generation of those earlier estimates has been corrected. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2018 and 2019. APPENDIX TABLE 10 Standard errors for table 6: Percent and rate of victimizations reported to police, by type of crime, 2018 and 2019 Percent of victimizations reported Rate of victimizations reported to to police police per 1,000 Type of crime 2018 2019 2018 2019 Violentcrinte 2.26% 2.26% 0.82 0.72 Rape/sexual assault 3.73 5.12 0.13 0.12 Robbery 4.96 5.22 0.20 0.16 Assault 242 239 0.70 0.63 Aggravated assault 4.06 4.17 0.30 0/6 Simple assault 252 252 0.55 0.51 Violent crimeexcluding simple assault 3.14% 3.26% 0.46 038 Selected characteristics of violent crime Domestic violence 3.75% 3.98% 0.30 0.29 Intimate partner violence 433 4.76 0.21 0.22 Stranger violence 3.03 3.04 0.44 037 Violent crime involving injury 3.69 3.85 0.35 0.29 Violent crime involving a weapon 3.77 4.04 0.35 0.28 Property crime 0.81% 0.86% 1.11 1.11 Burglaryitrespassing 1.76 200 0.53 0.51 Burglary' 2.07 238 0.44 042 Trespassing' 3.10 333 0.27 0.25 Motor-vehicle theft 3.07 3.22 0.30 0/9 Other theft 0.86 0.89 0.87 0.87 aStandard errors differ from those previously published in the Criminal Victimization. 2078 report because a coding error that affected the generation of those earlier estimates has been corrected. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2018 and 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 40 3502-022 Page 40 of 53 EFTA_00001586 EFTA00156927 APPENDIX TABLE 11 Standard errors for table 7: Rate of violent victimization reported and not reported to police, by completed, attempted, and threatened crimes, 2015-2019 Rate of reported crime per 1,000 Rate of unreported crime per 1,000 Violent crime 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total 0.84 0.68 0.71 082 0.72 0.89 0.79 0.79 0.98 0.91 Completed 0.44 0.29 032 038 032 037 030 0.31 0.40 034 Attempted 0.41 0.30 032 0.38 035 0.43 036 039 042 0.43 Threatened 034 0.37 037 039 0.36 0.46 0.46 0.43 055 0.52 Source Bureau of Justice Statistic, National Crimevictimization Survey, 2015-2019. APPENDIX TABLE 12 Standard errors for table 8: Percent of violent victimizations for which victims received assistance from a victim-service agency, by type of crime, 2018 and 2019 Type of crime 2018 2019 Violent crime 1.17% 0.99% Violent crime excluding simple assault 129 1.74 Simpleassault 1.26 1.00 Intimate partner violence 3.06% 3.97% Violent crime involving injury 2.28% 2.69% Violent crime involving a weapon 203% 1.74% Source Bureau of Justice Statistic, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2018 and 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 41 3502-022 Page 41 of 53 EFIA_00001587 EFTA00156928 APPENDIX TABLE 13 APPENDIX TABLE 14 Standard errors for table 9: Rate of violent victimization, Standard errors for table 10: Percent and rate of violent by type of crime and demographic characteristics of victimizations reported to police, by type of crime and victims, 2018 and 2019 demographic characteristics of victims, 2019 Violent victimization Violent victimization Total violent exduding simple excluding simple Victim demographic victimization assault Total violent victimization assault reported to characteristic 2018 2019 2018 2019 reported to police police Totala 125 1.07 0.46 047 Victim demographic Rate per characteristic Percent 1,RaOtIOP" Percent 1,000 Sex Total 2/6% 0.72 3.26% 0.38 Kale 1.74 1.64 0.83 0.82 Sex Female 133 1.60 0.97 0.77 Male 2.72% 0.82 4.13% 0.49 RaceMthnidty Female 227 0.95 4.15 0.46 White 1.76 152 0.82 0.69 Race/ethnicity Black 249 232 156 114 White 2.55% 0.78 4.00% 0.41 Hispanic 210 2.25 115 139 Black 4.96 1.47 714 0.82 Asian 264 1.63 133 0.72 Hispanic 4.15 1.41 142 0.88 Other 733 8.66 416 4.31 Asian 9.14 1.04 16.20 0.44 Age Other 541 4.98 7.66 1.99 12-17 330 322 1.72 122 Age 18-24 3.72 175 212 2.18 12-17 352% 1.54 6.45% 0.98 25-34 3.05 255 153 1.30 18-24 183 2.01 5.17 1.15 35-49 238 1.97 116 0.98 25-34 3.97 1.54 5.80 0.93 SO-64 1.91 1.92 0.94 026 35-49 3.86 1.15 5.65 0.56 65 or older 1.01 0.95 051 0.46 SO-64 3.92 1.17 6.18 0.57 Mental status 65 or older 627 0.55 10.13 0.34 Never married 253 234 133 1.23 Marital status Manied 1.17 1.10 056 0.45 Never married 2.63% 1.16 3.86% 0.69 WidowAvidower 232 213 1.19 132 Married 3.59 0.65 5.96 0.28 Divorced 4.03 3.25 2.14 1.74 WidowAvidower 8.35 1.34 1131 1.01 Separated 826 943 4.66 4.64 Divorced 4.54 1.98 6.63 1.12 Household kxorne Separated 631 7.09 1012 3.46 Less than 525,000 146 318 2.09 1.74 Household income 525,090449,999 2.18 1.92 1.16 1.01 Less than $25,000 333% 1.86 4.80% 1.06 550200499,999 159 157 0.68 0.75 $25.000449,999 3.71 1.13 5.33 0.70 5100,000.5199,999 2.14 1.83 0.97 0.73 550.000499,999 3.54 0.90 5.30 0.44 5200,000 or more 274 279 0.95 1.54 5100,0004199,999 4.04 0.89 149 043 aStandard errors for the total victimization rates were calculated using the Balanced Repeated Replication method of direct estimation. Generalized 5200,000 or more 5.62 1.30 5.98 0.47 valiance function parameters were used to calculate standard errors for Source Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization the rest of the table. Survey. 2019. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2018 and 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 42 3502-022 Page 42 of 53 EFIA_00001588 EFTA00156929 APPENDIX TABLE 15 Standard errors for table 12:Rate of victimization, by type of crime and location of residence, 2018 and 2019 Rate per 1.000 Vloknt crime excluding Violent acme simple assault Property crime Location of residence 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 New definition Urban 2.44 2.03 153 1.06 6.19 7.66 Suburban 1.47 1.30 057 0.60 230 232 Rural 2.64 2.08 0.73 1/0 4.62 4.08 Old definition Urban 2.33 2.10 130 1.08 333 3.76 Suburban 1.51 135 0.71 0.66 233 229 Rural 2.86 2.79 1.45 1/6 431 4.70 Note: Standard errors for estimates wing the new definition of location of residence were calculated using the Balanced Repeated Replication method of direct estimation. Standard errors for estimates using the old definition of location of residence were cakulated wing generalized variance function parameters. Sauce: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National CrimeVictimization Survey, 2018 and 2019: and 2010Census of Population and Housing and 2013OMB Metropolitan Statistical Area designations. APPENDIX TABLE 16 Standard errors for table 13: Percent and number of violent incidents, by total population and victim and offender demographic characteristics, 2019 Percent of violent incidents Number of Offender Victim violent incidents 95%confidence interval 95% confidence interval Demographic characteristic Offender Victim Standard error Lower bound Upper bound Standard error Lower bound Upper bound Total 305,087 305.087 - - - - - Sex Male 275,778 216.194 2.22% 70.68% 7936% 2.39% 4436% 53.74% Female 116,923 221.906 1.82 17.83 24.96 2.40 46/4 55.66 Both maleand female offenders 35,760 0.66 2/9 4.89 — Race/ethnicity White 194,634 254209 233% 45/0% 55.12% 2.38% 57.45% 66.79% Black 120,912 76223 2.02 21.02 28.95 1/3 830 13.12 Hispanic 99,372 105,019 1.76 15/6 2216 138 13.93 20.14 Asian 14,867 27,907 032 035 120 0.49 130 3/3 Other 38,991 62344 020 3.00 6.12 1.03 5.85 9.89 Multiple offenders of various races 11,207 - 0/4 0.13 1.08 — Age 11 oryounger 23,555 .. 0.49% 1.07% 298% — — 12-17 88,861 95,106 139 12.45 18.69 1.47% 11.84% 1738% 18.29 135,533 153,467 215 24.81 33/2 2.06 25.69 33.78 30 molder 196,642 235.462 232 45.07 54.93 241 50.83 6028 Multiple offenders of various ages 32,576 0.66 2.09 4.68 - - -Not applicable. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistic, National Crime Victimization Survey„20I9. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 43 3502-022 Page 43 of 53 EFIA_00001589 EFTA00156930 APPENDIX TABLE 17 APPENDIX TABLE 18 Standard errors for table 14: Percent of violent Standard errors for table 15: Number of violent incidents, incidents, by victim and offender sex, 2019 by victim and offender race or ethnicity, 2019 Offender sex Victim race/ Number of Offender race/ethnkity Number of Both male ethnicity violent incidents White Black Hispanic Other Victim sex violent incidents Male Female and female White 223256 160,168 66,797 65,942 30.010 Total 291,164 2.22% 1.82% 0.62% Black 68,856 22,886 54,360 14,707 7,734 Male 201,626 250 1.92 0.86 Hispanic 91010 34331 43.801 53.147 9.216 Female 215.926 2.88 2.52 0.86 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National CrimeVictimization Survey, 2019. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistic, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2019. APPENDIX TABLE 19 Standard errors for table 16: Percent of violent incidents, by victim and offender race or ethnicity, 2019 Victim race/ Number of Offender ocefethnicity ethnicity violent incidents White Black Hispanic Other White 223.256 2.94% 1.97% 1.95% 1.00% Black 68.856 3.87 5.08 271 1.51 Hispanic 93.010 3.55 4.13 4.49 1.15 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2019. APPENDIX TABLE 20 Standard errors for table 17: Percent of violent incidents and percent of the U.S. population, by victim race or ethnicity, 2019 Percent of violent incidents committed by offenders Of the same racerethnicity Of another race/ethnicity Victim race! Standard 95% confidence interval Standard 95%confidence interval ethnicity error Lower bound Upper bound error Lower bound Upper bound White 294% 55.82% 67.34% 2.80% 32.93% 43.90% Black 5.08 60.05 79.96 4.77 20.64 39.35 Hispanic 4.49 34.41 52.01 459 47.79 65.79 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistic. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 44 3502-022 Page 44 of 53 EFTA_00001590 EFTA00156931 APPENDIX TABLE 21 Standard errors for table 18: Number and percent of persons who were victims of violent crime, by type of crime, 2015-2019 Number of victims Percent of persons Type of crime 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total violent crime 115,649 98,610 105,403 106,453 101,966 0.041% 0036% 0.038% 0.037% 0.036% Rape/sexual assault 27,828 22,990 18,642 33,619 22,482 0.010 0008 0.007 0.012 0.008 Robbery 36,761 28,206 34,671 30,657 30,947 0.014 0010 0.013 0.011 0.011 Assault 103,997 92,481 97,147 92,852 94,118 0.037 0034 0.035 0.033 0.033 Aggravated assault 42,626 50,020 43,542 43,726 46,549 0.016 0018 0.016 0.016 0.017 Simple assault 89,125 78,887 83,931 89,167 78,655 0.032 0029 0.031 0.032 0.028 Violent crane exckiding simple assault 60,817 59,666 57,738 65,626 59,953 0.023% 0022% 0.021% 0.023% 0.021% Selected characteristics of violent crime Domestic violence 42,869 35,899 36,762 44,973 36,583 0.016% 0013% 0.013% 0.016% 0.013% Intimate partner violence 35,432 25,976 27,569 33587 28,984 0.013 0010 0.010 0.012 0.010 Stranger violence 67,176 65,338 71,404 70,402 69,343 0.025 0024 0.027 0.025 0.025 Violent crime involving injury 55,235 48,732 41,379 47,606 49,955 0.020 9018 0.015 0.017 0.018 Violent crime involving a weapon 42,101 50,710 50,006 46,485 50,036 0.016 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.018 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime1,4ctimiation Survey, 2015-2019. APPENDIX TABLE 22 Standard errors for table 19: Number and percent of persons who were victims of violent crime, by demographic characteristics of victims, 2018 and 2019 Victim demographic Number of victims Percent of persons characteristic 2018 2019 2018 2019 Total 106,453 101,966 0.037% 0036% Sex Male 65,162 73,179 0.047% 0.054% Female 75560 63,367 0.053 0.044 Racerethnidty White 85.112 69,559 0.047% 0.040% Slack 40.446 34,928 0.121 0.105 Hispanic 39.611 49,069 0.082 0.100 Asian 16.806 15,645 0.094 0088 Other 22280 22,761 0.321 0.308 A9e 12-17 35.628 40,242 0.143% 0.162% 18-24 41.447 41,157 0.136 0.134 25-34 48.172 47,319 0.106 0.099 35-49 42.044 43,256 0.067 0.068 SO-64 41.860 42,167 0.065 0.068 65 or older 24444 20,589 0.047 0.039 Marital status Never married 71578 70,920 0.074% 0.070% Married 50693 48,375 0.038 0.037 Widow/widower 21,435 15213 0.137 0.099 Divorced 32408 27233 0.116 0.100 Separated 14124 19,334 0.340 0.369 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey, 2018 and 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION. 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 45 3502-022 Page 45 of 53 EFIA_00001591 EFTA00156932 APPENDIX TABLE 23 Standard errors for table 20: Number and percent of households victimized, by type of property crime, 2015-2019 Number of households victimized Percent of households victimized Type of property crime 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total 253,856 188207 166,394 169,072 163275 0.167% 0.141% 0.124% 0.119% 0.118% Burglary/trespassing 89,612 64,413 67513 66,270 61,066 0.065% 0.048% 0.053% 0.051% 0.047% Burgtarya 74217 57.417 58,760 58,052 50,120 0.055 0.043 0.047 0.046 0.039 Trespassinga 51,208 37,262 32,638 30,960 32.806 0.038 0.028 0.026 0.024 0.026 Motor-vehicle theft 37,269 37,809 31,188 29,684 30,870 0.028% 0.028% 0.025% 0.024% 0.024% Other theft 214,688 160.814 1413.890 153,323 141443 0.144% 0.120% 0.112% 0.113% 0.108% aStandard errors differ from those previously published in the Criminal Victimization, 2018 report because a coding error that affected the generation of those earlier estimates has been corrected. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 20152019. APPENDIX TABLE 24 Standard errors for table 21: Number and percent of persons who were victims of serious crime, 2015-2019 Number of victims Percent of persons Type c4 crime 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total serious crime 186,600 178,870 182.207 185,193 129,133 0.065% 0.066% 0.065% 0.064% 0.045% Serious violent dime 60,607 58.125 56.694 60,810 58.250 0.023% 0.021% 0.021% 0.022% 0.021% Rape/sexual assault exd. threats and no-force contact 26,077 20.020 16,051 27,529 19393 0.010 0.007 0.006 0.010 0.007 Robbery 36,761 28.206 34,671 30,657 30,947 0.014 0.010 0.013 0.011 0.011 Aggravated assault 42,626 50.020 43,542 43,726 46549 0.016 0.018 0.016 0.016 0.017 Serious property dime 179,271 165.105 178,302 168239 108,924 0.063% 0.061% 0.064% 0.059% 0.039% Completed burglary 163,829 142340 151.871 145,855 95,962 0.058 0.052 0.055 0.052 0.034 Completed motor-vehicle theft 83,193 87.688 80,923 93,986 65.282 0.030 0.032 0.030 0.034 0.024 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, NationalCrimeVictimization Survey, 2015.2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 46 3502-022 Page 46 of 53 EFTA_00001592 EFTA00156933 APPENDIX TABLE 25 Standard errors for table 22: Number and percent of persons who were victims of serious crime, by demographic characteristics of victims, 2018 and 2019 Victim demographic Number of victims Percent of persons characteristic 2018 2019 2018 2019 Total 185,193 129.133 0.064% 0.045% Sex Male 111,655 79/91 0.079% 0.059% Female 97,913 74,960 0.066 0.051 Race/ethnicity White 126,137 98,223 0.069% 0.054% Black 69,209 50,412 0201 0.149 Hispanic 88,937 64,833 0.181 0.131 Asian 16,235 34,377 0.092 0.198 Other 29,983 23,739 0.450 0.318 Age 12-17 51,157 36,181 0.198% 0.144% 18-24 42,983 47,613 0.141 0.156 25-34 62,050 53,206 0.132 0.116 35.49 71,120 47.458 0.108 0.076 50-64 63,881 49,229 0.101 0.077 65 or older 44,039 39,206 0.083 0.074 Marital status Never married 101,533 73390 0.101% 0.074% Married 83,126 75,310 0.062 0.057 Widow/Widower 27,546 20,611 0.178 0.135 Divorced 45,501 36,142 0.157 0.128 Separated 22900 17.731 0.431 0.348 Source Bureau of Justice Statistic. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2018 and 2019. APPENDIX TABLE 26 Standard errors for table 23: Percent of violent victimizations reported to police, by completed, attempted, and threatened crimes, 2015-2019 Violent crime 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total 2.79% 2.22% 118% 226% 226% Completed 4.08 3.52 3.43 3.35 338 Attempted 3.94 3.26 3.11 327 323 Threatened 3.76 2.87 294 2.88 292 Note: Standard errors differ from those previously published in the Criminal Victimization. 2018 report because a coding error that affected the generation of those earlier estimates has been corrected. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2015.2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 47 3502-022 Page 47 of 53 EFTA_00001593 EFTA00156934 APPENDIX TABLE 27 APPENDIX TABLE 28 Standard errors for table 24: Number and rate of violent Standard errors for table 25: Firearm violence, 2018 victimizations, by victim's veteran and citizenship status, and 2019 2018 and 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 Total violent incidents 341,914 305,087 Victim veteran and Rate per Rate per Firearm incidents 62,909 63,778 citizenship status Number 1,000 Number 1,000 Total violent victimization? 343,745 295,287 Total violent victimizationsa 343,745 1.25 295287 1.07 Firearm victimization 67,155 67,676 Veteran status Rate of firearm victimization 0.24 024 Veteran 57,883 3.03 54,474 2.86 Firearm victimizations reported to police Non-veteran 349,032 1.51 310,441 1.33 Number 50,636 48,467 Citizenship status Percent 5.23% 5.42% US. citizen 396,806 1.54 354,632 136 aStandard errors for the total violent victimization numbers were U.S.-born citizen 385,079 1.63 345,644 1.45 calculated using the Balanced Repeated Replication method of direct Naturalized US. citizen 45,358 1.93 38,382 1.62 estimation. Generalized variance function parameters were used to Non-US. citizen 37,295 2.30 45,915 2.93 calculate standard errors for the rest of the table. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National CrimeVictimization Survey. US.-born 385,079 1.63 345,644 1.45 2018 and 2019. Foreign-born 66.071 1.67 66,635 1.69 aStandard errors for the total victimization numbers and rates were calculated using the Balanced Repeated Replication method of direct estimation.Generalized variance function parameters were used to calculate standard errors for the rest of the table. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistic. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2018 and 2019. APPENDIX TABLE 29 Standard errors for table 26: Percent and number of violent incidents excluding simple assault, by total population and victim and offender demographic characteristics, 2019 Percent of violent incidents Number of Offender Victim violent incidents %%confidenceinterval 95% confidence interval Demographic characteristic Offender Victim Standard error Lowerbound Upper bound Standard error Lower bound Upper bound Total 149,288 149,288 Sex Male 143,543 105,593 265% 78.94% 8933% 3.37% 4330% 5653% Female 40,946 105,828 202 8.91 16.84 3.38 43.47 56.70 Both male and female offenders 16,345 0.90 1.23 4.74 Race/ethnicity White 92,614 113,960 353% 40.75% 5458% 3.39% 4922% 6250% Black 59,782 41,021 2.86 19.16 3038 1.90 830 15.76 Hispanic 56,893 63,002 277 17.56 28.41 2.64 17.96 2829 Asian 5,780 12,472 035 0.00 124 0.65 031 104 Other 15,671 29,537 0.93 1.19 4.83 1.44 4.40 10.03 Multiple offenders of various races 8,338 051 0.04 203 Age 11 or younger 6,871 — 0.43% 0.00% 159% 12-17 39,773 42,873 215 9.32 17.75 1.97% 9.01% 16.74% 18-29 74,527 79,103 329 28.65 4156 3.03 26.58 38.46 30 solder 90,182 112,212 354 39.70 5357 339 47.96 6124 Multiple offenders of vanous ages 18.361 - 1.09 1.83 6.12 -Not applicable. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey, 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 20191 SEPTEMBER 2020 48 3502-022 Page 48 of 53 EFTA_00001594 EFTA00156935 APPENDIX TABLE 30 Standard errors for table 27: Percent of violent incidents excluding simple assault, by victim and offender sex, 2019 Offender sex Number of Both male Victim sex violent incidents Male Female and female Total 142,416 2.41% 1.90% 0.87% Male 98,039 3.07 2.22 1.27 Female 103.465 3.55 2.92 1.12 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crimettimization Survey, 2019. APPENDIX TABLE 31 Standard errors for table 28: Number of violent incidents excluding simple assault, by victim and offender race or ethnicity, 2019 Number of Offender race/ethnicity Victim race/ethnIcity violent incidents White Black Hispanic Other White 105.812 77,977 28.469 35.634 12393 Black 35,965 8,625 30.655 8.094 5.118 Hispanic 55.411 21.100 24.304 33.914 6.522 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2019. APPENDIX TABLE 32 Standard errors for table 29: Percent of violent incidents excluding simple assault, by victim and offender race or ethnicity, 2019 Number of Offender race/ethnitity Victim race/ethnidly violent incidents White Black Hispanic Other White 105.812 4.21% 2.62% 3.11% 1.26% Black 35,965 4.30 6.77 4.07 2.68 Hispanic 55.411 4.81 5.27 6.09 1.77 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National CrimeVictimization Survey, 2019. APPENDIX TABLE 33 Standard errors for table 30: Percent of violent incidents excluding simple assault and percent of the U.S. population, by victim and offender race or ethnicity, 2019 Percent of violent incidents committed by offenders Of the same race/ethnicity Of another race/ethnicity Victim race/ 95% confidence interval 95% confidence interval ethnicity Standard error Lower bound Upper bound Standard error Lower bound Upper bound White 421% 55.34% 71.83% 4.01% 28.55% 4428% Black 627 64.64 91.18 6.31 9.71 34.47 Hispanic 6.09 35.08 58.96 6.14 40.95 65.01 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 49 3502-022 Page 49 of 53 EFTA_00001595 EFTA00156936 APPENDIX TABLE 34 Population size for persons age 12 or older, by demographic characteddlcs,2015- 2019 Demographic characteristic 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total persons age 12 or older 269,524,470 272204,190 272.468,480 275,325,390 276,872,470 Sex Male 131,173,670 132525350 132,432,710 133,907,490 134,693.660 Female 138,352.800 139,678,840 140,035,770 141,417,890 142,178,810 Race/ethoidty White 173,043,610 172,882,890 171,454,370 171,493,180 171,423,480 Blade 33,242.330 33,623,820 32,699,520 33,132390 33,397,100 Hispanic 43,314,490 44,470,950 45,481,910 46.997410 47,890,870 Asians 14.663,500 15,719,020 16,582,080 17.228930 17,401,410 Othera-l) 5.262.540 5,507,510 6,250,600 6.473280 6,759.600 Age 12-17 24.826,110 25,043,610 24,911,170 24.917.160 24,941.440 18-24 30.504,250 30,301,000 29,883,550 29.838,720 29,646,500 25-34 43,693,960 44,303,050 44327,500 44.946,880 45,289,720 35-49 60.928,420 61,158,070 60,878,870 61,429,050 61,483,410 50-64 63004.570 63,332,410 62.955,630 62,940,810 62,643,880 65 or older 46,569,150 48,066,050 49.511,760 51,252,780 52,867,520 Marital statusc Never married 93289,060 95,415,230 96,211,120 97,152,920 97,943,560 Married 127.167,850 127,704,070 127,923,650 128,744200 129,699,090 Widow/widower 14779,490 15,053,020 14,832,940 15,166,010 15,160,640 Divorced 27,084,680 27,189410 26,776,250 27,360,570 27,184,390 Separated 5.124.520 5022,050 4,937,290 5,129400 4,970.250 aExcILdes persons of Hispanic origin (e.g., "white" refers to non-Hispanic whites and 'black' refers to non- Hispanic blacks/. blncludes Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders. American Indians and Alaska Natives, and persons of two or more races. cDoes not sum to total due to missing data. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey, 2015.2019. APPENDIX TABLE 35 Household population size, 2015-2019 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total 131.962,260 133.365,270 123,085,790 124,824,660 126.433,890 Note:The 8% dedine in the household population from 2016 to 2017 is due to an adjustment that modified the household weights, not to a decline in number of households. See Methodology for details. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Survey. 2015-2019. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 I SEPTEMBER 2020 50 3502-022 Page 50 of 53 EFTA_00001596 EFTA00156937 APPENDIX TABLE 36 A AND B Urban places under new NCVS definition Table 36A: Urban places under the new NO/5 definition that are listed in the name of a 500.000-person, Census- designated urbanized area Weighted housing-unit City or Census-designated density per 2010 Land area Urbanized area place (CDP) square mile populationAsquare miles) Urbanized area population New York, N.Y. 29,345 8,175,133 303 New York-Newark. N.Y.-NJ.-Conn. 18351,295 San Francisco. Calif. 17,316 805,235 47 San Francisco-Oakland, Calif. 3.141,212 Urban Honolulu CDP. Hawaii 13,756 337,256 61 Urban Honolulu. Hawaii 802459 Boston. Mass. 12,708 617,594 48 Boston, Mass.-N.H.-R.I. 4.181.019 Chicago. IlL 11,429 2,695,598 228 Chicago. IIL-Ind. 8.608.208 Washington. D.0 10,115 601,723 61 Washington, D.C-Va.-Md. 4.586370 Miami. Fla. 9,887 399,457 36 Miami, Fla. 5502.379 PNbdelphia. Pa. 9,706 1.526,006 134 Philadelphia. Pa.-NJ.-Del.-Md. 5441.567 Newark. NJ. 8,788 277,140 24 NeivYoric-Newark. N.Y.-NJ.-Conn. 18.351.295 Los Angeles, Calif. 6,961 3,792,621 469 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim. Calif. 12.150,996 Long Beach. Calif. 6,882 462,257 SO Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim. Calif. 12,150,996 Seattle. Wash. 6,798 608,660 84 Seattle.Wash. 3,059393 Oakland. Calif. 6,778 390,724 56 San Francisco-Oakland, Calif. 3.141.212 Baltimore.Md 6,251 620,961 81 Baldmore.Md. 2,203.663 Hartford. Conn. 5,304 124,775 17 Hartford. Conn. 924,859 Minneapolis. Minn. 4,942 382,578 54 Minneapolis-St.Paul. Minn.-VAs. 2.650290 Bridgeport. Conn. 4,874 144,229 16 Bridgeport-Stamford.Com.-N.Y. 923311 Providence. RI. 4,790 178,042 18 Providence. R.I.-Mass. 1.190.956 Buffalo, N.Y. 4,658 261,310 40 Buffalo. N.Y. 935.906 Albany. N.Y. 4,584 97,856 21 Albany-Schenectady. N.Y. 594.962 Pittsburgh. Pa. 4,560 305,704 55 Pittsburgh. Pa. 1.733253 Milwaukee, Wis. 4,503 594,833 96 Mihvaukee.Wis. 1,376,476 Denver. Cob. 4,457 600,158 153 Denver-Aurora. Cola 2,374,203 Stamford. Conn. 4,444 122,643 38 Bridgeport-Stamford.Com.-N.Y. 923311 Allentown. Pa. 4,397 118,032 18 Allentown, Pa.-NJ. 664,651 New Haven. Conn. 4,331 129,779 19 New Haven.Com. 562239 New Orleans. La. 4,139 343,829 169 New Orleans. La. 899303 San Diego. Calif. 4,091 1307,402 325 San Diego. Calif. 2.956.746 Portland, Ore. 3,924 583,776 133 Portland. Ore.-Wash. 1.849298 St. Louis. Ma 3,909 319,294 62 St. Louis. Ma-Ill. 2.150.706 Rochester. N.Y. 3,891 210,565 36 Rochester. N.Y. 720,572 Cleveland. Ohio 3,726 396215 78 Cleveland.0hio 1,780,673 Dallas. Texas 3,628 1.197,816 341 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington. Texas 5.121292 Salt Lake City. Utah 3,351 186,440 111 Salt Lake City-West Valley City, Utah 1.021,243 San Jose, Calif. 3,261 945,942 177 San Jose, Calif. 1.664.496 Detroit, Mich. 3,223 713,777 139 Detroit. Mich. 3.734,090 Atlanta. Ga. 3,166 420,003 133 Atlanta. Ga. 4515,419 Gncinnati, Ohio 3,120 296,943 78 Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky.-Ind. 1,624,827 Concord. Calif. 3,068 122,067 31 Concord. Calif. 615,968 Houston. Texas 3,006 2.099,451 600 Houston. Texas 4.944.332 Criteria by which a place was classified as urban (coding at right): IN The main city (or Census-designated place) in a 500.000-person urbanized area. with a weighted housing•unit density of 3.000+ per square mile within the city limits. A named city (or Census-designated place) in a 500.000-person urbanized area. with a weighted housing•unit density of 4.000+ per square mile within the city limits. ▪ Acity (or Census-designated place) with a population of 50.000+ arid a weighted housing-unit density of 5.000+ per square mile within the city limits. ▪ Acity for Census-designated place) with a population of 10.000+ and a weighted housing-unit density of 10.000+ per square mile within the city limits. Note: A place's boundaries may not be entirely contained within the urbanized area listed. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey. 201% and 2010Census of Population and Housing and Census designations of urbanized areas. CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION, 2019 1 SEPTEMBER 2020 51 3502-022 Page 51 of 53 EFIA_00001597 EFTA00156938 Table 368:Other urban places under the new NCVS definition, by Census-designated urbanized area Weighted bousingund City or Censusdesignated density per 2010 Land area Urbanized area place (CDP) sguare mile population (square miles) Urbanized area population Guttenberg. NJ. 29.171 11.176 02 New York-Newark. N.Y.-NJ.-Conn. Hoboken. NJ. 25.870 50.005 1 New York-Newark. N.Y.-NJ.-Conn. 18.351295 Vilest New York. NJ. 21.763 49.708 1 New York-Newark. N.Y.-NJ.-Conn. 18.351295 Union City. NJ. 20,477 66,455 1 New York-Newark. N.Y.-NJ.-Conn. 18.351295 Jersey City. NJ. 13.837 247.597 IS New York-Newark. N.Y.-NJ.-Conn. 18.351295 Cliffside Park. NJ. 12.001 23.594 1 New York-Newark. N.Y.-NJ.-Conn. 18.351295 Mount Vernon. N.Y. 8.811 67.292 4 New York-Newark. N.Y.-NJ.-Conn. 18.351295 East Orange. NJ. 8.763 64.270 4 New York-Newark. N.Y.-NJ.-Conn. 18.351295 Bayonne. NJ. 8.263 63.024 6 New York-Newark. N.Y.-NJ.-Conn. 18.351295 Yonkers. N.Y. 7.930 195.976 18 New York-Newark. N.Y.-NJ.-Conn. 18.351295 Elizabeth. NJ. 7.468 124.969 12 New York-Newark. N.Y.-NJ.-Conn. 18.351295 Passaic. NJ. 7.424 69.781 3 New York-Newark. N.Y.-NJ.-Conn. 18.351295 Paterson. NJ. 6.739 146.199 8 New York-Newark. N.Y.-NJ.-Conn. 18.351295 White Plains. N.Y. 5.671 56.853 10 New York-Newark. N.Y.-NJ.-Conn. 18.351295 Vilest Hollywood. Calif. 14.343 34.399 2 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim. Calif. 12.150.996 Santa Monica. Calif. 8.296 89.736 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim. Calif. 12.150.996 Hawthorne. Calif. 7.930 84.293 6 Los Mgeles-Long Beach-Anaheim. Calif. 12.150.996 Huntington Park. Calif. 6.260 58.114 3 Los Mgeles-Long Beach-Anaheim. Calif. 12.150.996 Glendale. Cali( 6.103 191,719 30 Los Mgeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, Calif. 12.150.996 hgkmvood.Caht 5.640 109.673 9 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim. Calif. 12.150.996 Redondo Beach. Calif. 5.583 66.748 6 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim. Calif. 12.150.996 Oak Park. III. 6.920 51.878 5 Chicago.111.-Ind. 8.608208 Berwyn.II. 5.863 56.657 4 Chicago.111.-Ind. 8.608208 Evanston. II. 5.553 74.486 Chicago.111.-Ind. 8.608208 Sunny Isles Beach. Fla. 22.233 20.832 1 Miami. Fla. 5.502.379 Miami Beach. Fla. 17.063 87.779 8 Miami. Fla. 5.502.379 Hallandale Beach. Fla. 15.332 37.113 4 Miami. Fla. 5.502.379 Aventura. Fla. 14.553 35.762 3 Miami. Fla. 5.502.379 Key Biscayne. Fla. 11.252 12.344 1 Miami. Fla. 5.502.379 Fountainebleau COP. Fla. 7.023 59.764 4 Miami. Fla. 5.502.379 Hialeah. Fla. 5.267 224.669 21 Miami. Fla. 5.502.379 Hollywood. Fla. 5.009 140.768 27 Miami. Fla. 5.502.379 Wilmington. Del. 5.919 70.851 11 Philadelphia. Pa.-NI-Del-Md. 5.441.567 Arlington CDP.Va. 10.485 207.627 26 Washington. D.C-Va.-Md. 4.586.770 Huntington CDP.Va. 10.430 11.267 1 Washington. D.C-Va.-Md. 4.586770 Alexandria. Va. 7,714 139.966 15 Washington. D.C-Va.-Md. 4.586770 Silver Spring CDP. Md. 6.135 71.452 Washington. D.C-Va.-Md. 4.586770 Cambridge. Mass. 10.377 105.162 6 Boston. Mass.-NH.-R.I. 4.181.019 Somerville. Mass. 9.770 75.754 4 Erosion. Mass.-NH.-R.I. 4.181.019 Brookline CDP. Mass. 8.403 58.732 7 Erosion. Mass.-NH.-R.I. 4.181.019 Lynn. Mass. 5.985 90.329 11 Erosion. Mass.-NH.-R.I. 4.181.019 Malden. Mass. 5.432 59.450 5 Erosion. Mass.-NH.-R.I. 4.181.019 Berkeley. Calif. 7.377 112.580 10 San Francisco-Oakland. Calif. 3281212 Daly City. Cut 5.435 101.123 San Francisco-Oakland. Calif. 3281212 Lakewood.Ohio 7.079 52.131 6 Cleveland. Ohio 1.780.673 Waimalu CDP. Hawaii 11.402 13730 2 Urban Honolulu. Hawaii 802.459 Lancaster. Pa. 6.078 59322 7 Lancaster. Pa. 402.004 Trenton. NJ. 5.264 84.913 Trenton. NJ. 296.668 Reading. Pa. 6.326 88.082 10 Reading. Pa. 266.254 Criteria by which a place was classified as urban (coding at right): ▪ The main city (or Census.designated place) in a 500.000-person urbanized area.with a weighted housing-unit density of 3.030+ per square mile within the city limns. A named city (or Census-designated place) in a 500.000-person urbanized area.with a weighted housing-unit density of 4.030+ per square mile within the city limits. IN A city (or Census.designated place) with a population of 50000+ and aweighted housing-unit density of 5.000+ per square mile within the city limits. ▪ A city (or Census.designated place) with a population of 10.000+ and aweighted housing-unit density of 10.000+ per square mile within the city Wits. Note: A place's boundaries may not be entirely contained within the urbanized area listed. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics. National Crime Victimization Stave,. 2019: and 2010 Census of Population and Housing and Census designations of urbanized areas. 3502-022 Page 52 of 53 EFTA_00001598 EFTA00156939 The Bureau of Justice Statistics of the U.S. Department of Justice is the principal federal agency responsible for measuring crime, criminal victimization, criminal offenders, victims of crime, correlates of crime, and the operation of criminal and civil justice systems at the federal, state, tribal, and local levels. BJS collects, analyzes, and disseminates reliable statistics on crime and justice systems in the United States, supports improvements to state and local criminal justice information systems, and participates with national and international organizations to develop and recommend national standards for justice statistics. Jeffrey H. Anderson is the director. This report was written by Rachel E. Morgan and Jennifer L. Truman. Erika Harrell and Alexandra Thompson verified the report. Amy Lauger also contributed to verification. Theodore Robinson edited and produced this report. Edrienne Su and Carrie Epps•Carey provided editorial and design assistance. September 2020, NCJ 255113 BJS40 45TATISTICS YEAR. I II IllllllllllIMIII III Office of Just ce Programs Building Solutions • Supporting Communities • Advancing Justice www.ojp.gov 3502-022 Page 53 of 53 EFTA_00001599 EFTA00156940